must also reflect decay.

真の芸術であれば その腐敗を写し出すだろう

And unless it wants to break faith with its social function,

社会機能への信頼を 破壊したいと欲したとき

Art must show the world as changeable.

世界は変えられるということを 芸術は示さなければならない

And help to change it.

変化を促すのだ

-Ernst Fischer

–アーネスト·フィッチャー

... deadly riots over the government's plan

政府の債務不履行回避計画に対する

to avoid defaulting on its loans ...

決死の暴動

is that the unemployment keeps rising

失業者数は増加し

and it has to keep rising

さらに増え続けるだろう

just because we have an excess supply of goods...

物資の過剰供給のためである…

this is all borrowed money...

これは全部負債で...

and that debt is owned by banks in other countries...

この負債は外国の銀行へのものだ...

M-O-N-E-Y, in the form of a convenient personal loan...

便利な個人ローンでおカネを！

... a filter cigarette that delivers the taste...

…おいしいタバコをお届けします..

45 malt liquor... Are You Hot?!...

モルトアルコール飲料... 貴方たち熱いか。

is the US planning to bomb Iran?...

…は、アメリカのイラン爆撃計画…

...America is sponsoring terror attacks in Iran...

…アメリカは イランへのテロを支援している…

Now, my grandmother was a wonderful person.

私の祖母はすばらしい人だった

She taught me how to play the game Monopoly.

モノポリーのやり方を教えてくれた

She understood that the name of the game is to acquire.

”モノポリー”とは 取得だと理解していた

She would accumulate everything she could

手の届くものは全て取得し

and eventually, she became the master of the board.

祖母はモノポリーの達人となった

And then she would always say the same thing to me.

祖母は よく言ったものだ

She would look at me and she would say:

私を見て

“One day, you'll learn to play the game.”

”いつか このゲームができるようになるよ”

One summer, I played Monopoly almost every day, all day long.

毎日一日中モノポリーをした夏があった

And that summer, I learned to play the game.

その夏に私はゲームを理解した

I came to understand the only way to win

勝つための唯一の方法は

is to make a total commitment to acquisition.

取得に徹底することだとわかった

I came to understand that money and possessions-

金と所有物を使って

that's the way that you keep score.

スコアを上げるのだとわかった

And by the end of that summer, I was more ruthless than my grandmother.

その夏の終わりには

.

祖母よりも冷酷になった

I was ready to bend the rules if I had to, to win that game.

勝つためにはルールを曲げるつもりだった

And I sat down with her to play that fall.

その秋に祖母とゲームした

I took everything she had.

祖母の全財産を奪った

I watched her give her last dollar and quit in utter defeat.

最後の1ドルを失う祖母を見た

And then she had one more thing to teach me.

そして祖母はもう一つ教えてくれた

Then she said:

彼女は言った

“Now it all goes back in the box.

”すべては元の箱に戻るんだよ”

All those houses and hotels.

家やホテルのすべて

All the railroads and utility companies...

鉄道や公共事業のすべて

All that property and all that wonderful money...

あなたの金や所持品のすべては

Now it all goes back in the box.

元手の箱に戻ってしまう

None of it was really yours.

最初からあなたのモノではなかった

You got all heated up about it for a while.

ちょっと熱くなりすぎた

But it was around a long time before you sat down at the board

ゲームは今始まったのではない

and it will be here after you're gone: players come, players go.

あなたが死んでも続く　参加者が変わるだけ

Houses and cars...

家や車 肩書きや衣服

Titles and clothes...

あなたの肉体さえも

Even your body.”

変わるだけ

Because the fact is that everything I clutch and consume and hoard

収得 消費 貯蔵するモノすべては

is going to go back in the box and I'm going to lose it all.

元手の箱に戻り 結局すべてを失う

So you have to ask yourself

自分に尋ねよう

when you finally get the ultimate promotion

トップまで昇進して

when you have made the ultimate purchase

夢だったモノを買い

when you buy the ultimate home

夢だった家を買い

when you have stored up financial security

経済的に十分裕福になり

and climbed the ladder of success

成功という梯子の

to the highest rung you can possibly climb it...

最頂点に達した

and the thrill wears off

そしてスリルはなくなる

- and it will wear off -

無くなることは確実だ

Then what?

それから何をする？

How far do you have to walk down that road

終着点が見える

before you see where it leads?

この道を あなたはどこまで歩く？

Surely you understand

あなたはわかっているはずだ

it will never be enough.

いつまでたってもきりがない

So you have to ask yourself the question:

あなたは 自分に問わねばならない

What matters?

何が重要か

They're Hot!

彼女たちはセクシー！

They're Rich!

彼女たちは金持ち！

And They're Spoiled!

そして彼女たちは甘やかされている！

America's #1 Show is Back!

アメリカの人気ナンバー１TVショーがかえってきた！

Gentle Machine Productions Presents

ジェントル·マシーン·プロダクション

A Peter Joseph Film

ピーター·ジョセフ

When I was a young man

若いとき 私は

growing up in New York City

ニューヨークで育った

I refused to pledge allegiance to the flag.

私は アメリカ国旗への忠誠を拒絶した

Of course I was sent to the principal's office.

もちろん校長室に行かせられた

And he asked me, 'Why don't you want to pledge allegiance?

「なぜ皆のように 忠誠の誓いをしない？」

Everybody does!'

と校長は聞いた

I said, 'Everybody once believed the Earth was flat

「昔 すべての人は 地球は平たいと信じていましたが

but that doesn't make it so.'

それが真実とは限りません」

I explained that America owed everything it has

「アメリカの繁栄は

to other cultures and other nations

他の国や

.

他の文化のおかげです

and that I would rather pledge allegiance

アメリカに対してだけよりも

to the Earth and everyone on it.

地球とそこに住む人々に

.

忠誠を誓いたかったのです」と言った

Needless to say it wasn't long before I left school entirely

もちろん

.

すぐさま学校を中退して

...and I set up a lab in my bedroom.

部屋を研究室に仕立てた

There I began to learn about science and nature.

そこで科学と自然を

.

学び始めた

I realized then that the universe is governed by laws

そのときに

.

私は気がついた

and that the human being, along with society itself,

宇宙には法則がある

.

人間も社会も

was not exempt from these laws.

この法則から逃れることはできない

Then came the crash of 1929

その後

which began what we now call

1929年に

“The Great Depression”.

世界大恐慌が起った

I found it difficult to understand why millions

工場はまだあるのに

were out of work, homeless, starving,

貧困 失業者や飢餓などが

while all the factories were sitting there;

溢れてるのが理解できなかった

the resources were unchanged.

資源の量は変わっていないのに

It was then that I realized

世界経済ゲームのあり方に

that the rules of the economic game

本質的に意味が無いことが

were inherently invalid.

みえてきた

Shortly after, came World War II

直後に 第二次世界大戦があり

where various nations took turns

国々がお互いを

systematically destroying each other.

破壊しあった

I later calculated that all the destruction

この戦争で破壊され

and wasted resources spent on that war

無駄にされた資源を使えば

.

全人類に必要なものが

could have easily provided for every

簡単に

human need on the planet.

供給できたことを計算した

Since that time，I have watched humanity

それ以来 人類が

set the stage for its own extinction.

自滅の準備をするのを見てきた

I have watched as the precious finite resources

利益と自由市場の名の下

are perpetually wasted and destroyed

有限で貴重な資源が

in the name of profit and free markets.

絶え間なく浪費され 破壊されるのも見てきた

I have watched the social values of society

物質主義と

be reduced into a base artificiality of materialism

愚かな消費による粗悪な模造品で

and mindless consumption.

社会の価値が変えられるのも見てきた

And I have watched as the monetary powers

金の力が「自由社会」の

control the political structure

政治機構を

of supposedly free societies.

支配するのも見てきた

I'm 94 years old now.

私は今 94歳だ

And I'm afraid my disposition is the same as it was

どうもこの気質は

.

75年前から

75 years ago.

変わらないらしい

This shit's got to go.

こんな下らないことは もうおしまいだ

[ ZEITGEIST ]

[ツァイトガイスト]

[ ZEITGEIST: MOVING FORWARD ]

[ツァイトガイスト：これからの道]

[ Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful

少数でも 賢く献身的な人達が

committed citizens can change the world.

世界を変えられる

Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. -Margaret Mead ]

これが唯一の方法である

.

マーガレット・ミード

[ Part 1: Human Nature ]

[パート１：人間性]

So you're a scientist, and ...

科学者か科学が好きな人なら

somewhere along the way, hammered into your head

「素質 vs 環境」説を教え込まれる

is the inevitable “nature versus nurture”

コーラvsペプシや

and that's at least up there with Coke versus Pepsi

ギリシャ人vsトロイ人

or Greeks versus Trojans.

程度の説だ

So, nature versus nurture: This, by now

今まで過剰に単純化してきた

utterly over-simplifying view of

「素質 vs 環境」という視点のどこに

where influences are-

影響力があるだろう

influences on how a cell deals with

エネルギー危機への対処から

an energy crisis up to

最も個人的なレベルでの

what makes us who we are on the most individualistic

人格形成などまでにも

levels of personality.

影響している

And what you've got is this complete false dichotomy

全ての因果関係の決定に

built around nature as deterministic

この 誤った二分法が

at the very bottom of all the causality.

組み込まれている

Of 'life is DNA' and the 'code of codes'

生命は DNAの遺伝情報と聖杯で

and the Holy Grail, and everything is driven by it.

すべて営まれる と思われている

At the other end is a much more social science perspective

一方 社会科学の

.

観点から見れば

which is: We are 'social organisms'

我々は”社会的生物”で

and biology is for slime molds;

生物学には当てはまらない

humans are free of biology.

人と生物学は関係ない

And obviously both views are nonsense.

このような視点はナンセンスだ

What you see instead is that

その代わりに分かることは

it is virtually impossible to understand how biology works

環境という状況の外側で

.

生物学の機能を理解するのは

outside of the context of environment.

ほぼ不可能だ ということだ

[ It's Genetic ]

[遺伝]

One of the most crazy making yet widespread

潜在的に危険 かつ普及しており

.

頭がおかしくなるような

and potentially dangerous notions is:

考えの一つは

“Oh, that behavior is genetic.”

”あの行動は遺伝的なものだ” という考えだ

Now what does that mean? It means all sorts of subtle stuff if you

その意味は？

.

現代生物学を知る人には

know modern biology, but for most people out there

様々な意味をもつが

what it winds up meaning is:

一般にはこんな意味になる

a deterministic view of life,

”運命はすでに決定している”

one rooted in biology and genetics.

生物学者や遺伝学者にとっては

Genes equal things that can't be changed.

”遺伝子は不変だ” となる

Genes equal things that are

遺伝子は不変なので

inevitable and that you might as well

それを治そうなんて

not waste resources trying to fix,

時間とエネルギーの無駄だ

might as well not put societal energies into trying to improve

遺伝子は不変で不可避だから

because it's inevitable and it's unchangeable.

改善の努力はエネルギーの無駄だ

And that is sheer nonsense.

この考えはまったくナンセンスだ

[ Disease ]

[病気]

It is widely thought that

ADHDなどの病気は

conditions like ADHD are genetically programmed,

統合失調症などと同様に

conditions like schizophrenia are genetically programmed.

遺伝的だとされる

The truth is the opposite. Nothing is genetically programmed.

真実はまったく逆だ

.

遺伝子的起因はない

There are very rare diseases, a small handful,

本当に遺伝子により

.

決定される病気は

extremely sparsely represented in the population,

めったになく

that are truly genetically determined.

ごく一握りだと言われている

Most complex conditions

たいていの合併症は

might have a predisposition that has a genetic component,

遺伝的要素を素因とするらしいが

but a predisposition is not the same as a predetermination.

”素因” と ”先天” は全く違う

The whole search for the source of diseases in the genome

遺伝的要因による病気は少ないので

was doomed to failure before anybody even thought of it,

ゲノム中に病の根源を見つける探求は

because most diseases are not genetically predetermined.

最初から失敗する運命だった

Heart disease, cancer, strokes,

心臓病 ガン 脳卒中

rheumatoid conditions, autoimmune conditions in general,

リュウーマチ 免疫疾患全般

mental health conditions, addictions-

精神病 依存症などは

none of them are genetically determined.

遺伝性ではない

Breast cancer, for example. Out of 100 women with breast cancer

例えば 乳ガンの遺伝子を持つ

only seven will carry the breast cancer genes.

乳ガン患者の女性は7％だけだ

93 do not.

93％は遺伝的でない

And out of 100 women who do have the genes

乳がん遺伝子を持つ人全てが

not all of them will get cancer.

発病するわけではない

[ Behavior ]

[行動]

Genes are not just things that make us behave in

遺伝子は 環境に関わらず

a particular way regardless of our environment.

人間を操作するのではない

Genes give us different ways of responding to our environment.

遺伝子は 状況への反応方法を選ぶ

And in fact it looks as if some of the early

幼少期での影響や子育てが

childhood influences and the kind of child rearing,

遺伝子の発現を

affect gene expression:

変えるようだ

actually turning on or off different genes

自分が生活する世間に適応するために

to put you on a different developmental track

特定の発達コースには

which may suit the kind of world you've got to deal with.

特定の遺伝子をオン オフする

So for example,

例えば

a study done in Montreal with suicide victims

モントリオールの自殺者の脳を 検死解剖で調べた

looked at autopsies of the brains of these people.

結果 自殺者 大多数は若者だが

And it turned out that if a suicide victim

幼少期に虐待を受けており

(these are usually young adults)

それにより 脳の遺伝子に

had been abused as children, the abuse actually

変化が生じたことが判明した

caused a genetic change in the brain

虐待経験のない人の脳に

that was absent in the brains of people who had not been abused.

この変化は見られない

That's an epigenetic effect.

遺伝子の作用である

“Epi” means on top of, so that

遺伝子上の影響とは

the epigenetic influence is what happens

遺伝子が環境により

environmentally to either activate or deactivate certain genes.

オンとオフを選択することである

In New Zealand, there was a study

ニュージーランドの

that was done in a town called Dunedin,

ダニーデンという町で

in which a few thousand individuals

数千人の者が 出生から二十代にかけて

were studied from birth into their 20s.

調査された

What they found was that they could identify

彼らが発見したことは

a genetic mutation- an abnormal gene-

遺伝子の突然変異や異常遺伝子が

which did have some relation to

暴力を振るう傾向に

the predisposition to commit violence,

何か関係があるということだ

but only if the individual had also

しかし それは個人がひどい幼児虐待を

been subjected to severe child abuse.

受けた場合に限る

In other words, children with this abnormal gene

つまり 異常遺伝子を持つ子供が全員

would be no more likely to be violent than anybody else,

暴力的になるわけではない

and in fact, they actually had a lower rate of violence

実際に 幼少時に虐待されていなければ

than people with normal genes

正常遺伝子を持つ者より

as long as they weren't abused as children.

犯罪率が低い

Great additional example of the ways

遺伝子が重要な要素ではないという

in which genes are not “be all - end all.”

貴重な例をあげよう

A fancy technique where you can

ある技法で

take a specific gene out of a mouse,

マウスからある特定の遺伝子を取り出す

that mouse and its descendants will not have that gene.

その子孫にはその遺伝子がない

You have ”knocked out” that gene.