Name: 38.レビュー。コルチゾンの合成 (38. Review: Synthesis of Cortisone)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:16:00.000Z
Duration: 52 min 9 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

J. MICHAEL MCBRIDE: Well, from the happy hubbub, I gather

上級比較級を表す句型

you're as eager as I am to get this over.

So the last lecture is a review of what we've done

In particular, the synthesis of cortisone, which is a

It's one of these steroids which, remember, have three

six-membered rings, then a five-membered ring, and

And in fact, this lecture originated with a book called

Advanced Organic Chemistry, although I've used it so much

that you can't tell it from the spine anymore, that was

written in 1961 when I was taking organic chemistry by

Louis Fieser at Harvard, who was the person I was having at

He was a very good synthetic organic chemist, and he worked

In fact, in 1936, he wrote this book, which is called

Chemistry of Natural Products Related to Phenanthrene.

Phenanthrene three is a thing like three benzene rings.

So you see, steroids are related to phenanthrene, so

Before I got there, it was reported that he walked around

But he's still smoked like a chimney, although at that

time, he was on the Surgeon General's committee about

smoking and health, and he absolutely quit then, and but

These are some of the steroids, the ones that are

So very small amounts of them go around and make various

And they begin up at the top left with cholesterol, and you

can see how various enzymes oxidize and put a ketone here,

an alcohol here, making unsaturation and so on to make

In fact, they were recognized as so important that work on

steroids awarded four Nobel Prizes between 1927 and 1950,

and another three between 1965 and 1975, which were, at least

The awards in 1927 and '28 were determining the

structure, and the one in 1965 recognized the

You have to know the structure before you can

In fact, the ones in 1927 and '28 were for determining the

The thing they got the Nobel Prize for was this structure,

which doesn't have three six-membered rings, bing,

So by 1950, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was

awarded to Kendall, Reichsten, and Showalter Hench "for their

discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal

cortex, their structure and biological effects." So

Kendall and Reichstein were organic chemists, and

And Hench's Nobel address said "This air of pessimism

regarding the rheumatic disease in general and rheumatoid

arthritis in particular still finds expression in some of

But then he goes on to describe how he had a patient

at the Mayo Clinic, a 65 year old patient,

A few days before he came, he was "painfully affected with

rheumatoid arthritis, and had been for four years.

Then jaundice suddenly developed, and within a week,

The jaundice lasted five weeks, and the rheumatic arthritis

did not relapse until several weeks after the jaundice had

"The thought occurred instead of being relentlessly

progressive, this disease, rheumatoid arthritis, may be

potentially reversible, more so than we believed.

"So during the next five years, from '29 to '34, while

the organic chemists were determining the true

structure, observations were made on sixteen patients with

chronic arthritis or fibrositis, in whom jaundice

of different types and degrees developed.

If the jaundice was deep enough, it was characterized

by bilirubinemia of the 'direct-reacting' type, the

rheumatic symptoms quickly diminished or disappeared for

varying lengths of time... and then gradually returned."

And furthermore, it was noted that during

So Reichstein then, the Swiss chemist, took 1000 kilograms

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38.レビュー。コルチゾンの合成 (38. Review: Synthesis of Cortisone)

bond

put

reaction

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