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  • We are told by our veterinarian that chemotherapy is recommended for our pets.

    私たちは獣医師から、ペットには化学療法が勧められると聞かされます。

  • All these thoughts start racing through our head because, like I said, most of us have had a family member or a friend or an acquaintance gone through chemotherapy or we've seen something on TV.

    というのも、今言ったように、私たちのほとんどは家族や友人、知人が化学療法を受けた経験があったり、テレビで何かを見たりしたことがあるからだ。

  • So we have so many myths and misconceptions.

    だから、私たちには多くの神話や誤解がある。

  • And it's not your fault.

    そして、それはあなたの責任ではない。

  • It's just, I want to, you know, erase those myths and misconceptions and give you facts and hope about pets going through chemotherapy.

    ただ、そういった神話や誤解を払拭し、化学療法を受けるペットに関する事実と希望を与えたいのです。

  • Today, we are talking about chemotherapy side effects and I'm doing this vlog because you guys have done what I've asked you to do.

    今日は、化学療法の副作用についてお話しします。私がこのブログを書いているのは、皆さんが私のお願いを聞いてくださったからです。

  • You have commented and I'm a little bit embarrassed.

    コメントをいただいて、少し恥ずかしくなりました。

  • Can you believe we're at vlog number 93 and I haven't done a vlog dedicated to chemotherapy side effects.

    ブログ93本目にして、化学療法の副作用に特化したブログを書いていないなんて信じられる?

  • I do have lots of other videos in the chemotherapy playlist where I address chemotherapy side effects, but I don't have one that is completely dedicated.

    化学療法のプレイリストには、化学療法の副作用を取り上げた他のビデオもたくさんありますが、完全に特化したものはありません。

  • So that's what this one's going to be.

    だから、今回もそうなる。

  • We're going to talk about five things that I think that you need to know about chemotherapy side effects.

    化学療法の副作用について知っておくべき5つのことをお話しします。

  • I'm going to answer the side effects that you're worried about and the ones that you really don't need to worry about in dogs and cats.

    犬や猫で心配される副作用と、本当に心配する必要のない副作用についてお答えします。

  • So let's do it.

    だから、そうしよう。

  • Let's break it down.

    それを分解してみよう。

  • Let's talk about chemotherapy side effects in dogs and cats.

    犬と猫の化学療法の副作用についてお話ししましょう。

  • So most of us have, unfortunately, probably known a human that has gone through chemotherapy and you may have heard me say this before, but you may not have.

    だから私たちのほとんどは、残念ながら化学療法を受けた人間を知っているだろう。

  • And I think it's worth repeating.

    そして、繰り返す価値があると思う。

  • Chemotherapy in dogs and cats is not chemotherapy in people.

    犬や猫の化学療法は人間の化学療法ではない。

  • Luckily, dogs and cats tolerate chemotherapy so much better than people.

    幸いなことに、犬や猫は人間よりも化学療法によく耐える。

  • So maybe if you had another pet that was treated for lymphoma 10 or 15 years ago, just realize that the experience may not be the same because every pet is an individual.

    だから、10年前や15年前にリンパ腫の治療を受けたペットがいたとしても、その経験は同じではないかもしれない。

  • We have a much more preventative approach.

    私たちはもっと予防的なアプローチをしている。

  • So again, I always encourage you to see a cancer specialist if possible.

    だから私は、可能であればがんの専門医に診てもらうことをいつも勧めている。

  • You will have the link on how to see a specialist.

    専門医の診察方法についてのリンクがあります。

  • And I think it's really important to take that opportunity.

    そして、その機会を得ることは本当に重要だと思う。

  • And just remember, just because you see a specialist is not signing you up to see chemotherapy.

    専門医を受診したからといって、化学療法を受けることになるわけではないことを覚えておいてほしい。

  • Just get the information and make an educated decision.

    ただ、情報を入手し、賢明な判断を下すだけだ。

  • And I want to go through five things that I want you to know about chemotherapy in dogs and cats.

    そして、犬と猫の化学療法について知っておいてほしい5つのことを説明したい。

  • Number one, which I already mentioned in the intro, is dogs and cats tolerate chemotherapy so much better than people.

    その1は、イントロダクションですでに述べたことだが、犬や猫は人間よりも化学療法によく耐える。

  • So it's estimated that about 80% of dogs and cats won't have side effects going through chemotherapy.

    そのため、犬や猫の約80%は化学療法を受けても副作用がないと推定されています。

  • That's amazing.

    すごいね。

  • It is much lower than what we see in people.

    人間で見るよりもはるかに低い。

  • And if they do have side effects, they tend to be mild to moderate and self-limiting.

    また、副作用があったとしても、軽度から中等度で、自己限定的なものになる傾向がある。

  • What do I mean by that?

    どういう意味かって?

  • So mild to moderate means they're not that bad.

    つまり、軽度から中程度ということは、それほど悪くはないということだ。

  • And self-limiting means if we don't do anything about it, they're going to get better on their own.

    自己限定的というのは、私たちが何もしなければ、勝手に良くなっていくということだ。

  • But that doesn't mean I don't want us to do anything.

    でも、だからといって何もしてほしくないわけではない。

  • So I as a cancer specialist am going to prescribe medications at that first chemotherapy appointment.

    だから私はがん専門医として、最初の化学療法の予約時に薬を処方するつもりだ。

  • And so I do have another vlog of the top medications that I want you to go home with.

    というわけで、もう1本、皆さんにお持ち帰りいただきたいトップ・メダリストのブログがある。

  • And so I send all of my chemotherapy patients home with these on the first appointment.

    だから私は、化学療法を受ける患者さん全員に、初診時にこれを持たせて帰すことにしている。

  • So that's vlog number 38 are my top five medications.

    というわけで、ブログ38回目は私の薬ベスト5です。

  • So there's a goody bag that all of my patients go home with.

    だから、患者さん全員が持って帰る福袋があるんだ。

  • And you can watch that video.

    そのビデオを見ることができる。

  • But everybody goes home with a nausea medication, a diarrhea medication, a probiotic.

    でも、みんな吐き気止め、下痢止め、プロバイオティクスをもらって帰る。

  • And now there's two appetite stimulants that have come onto the market in the last couple of years, Entice for dogs and Mirataz for cats.

    そして現在、ここ2、3年で市場に出回るようになった2種類の食欲増進剤、犬用のEnticeと猫用のMiratazがある。

  • So those are like the goody bag that you're going to go home with automatically on day one.

    つまり、初日に自動的に持って帰れる福袋のようなものだ。

  • So we take a very preventative approach.

    だから私たちは非常に予防的なアプローチをとっている。

  • So even though they're going to get better on their own, we want to send you home with medications so you have them on hand because we want to help our pets get over those side effects if they have it.

    ですから、ペットが自分で良くなるとはいえ、もし副作用があれば、それを克服する手助けをしたいので、手元に薬を置いてお帰りいただきたいのです。

  • So chemotherapy is very well tolerated.

    だから化学療法の忍容性は非常に高い。

  • The risk of hospitalization is extremely low in dogs and cats.

    犬や猫では入院のリスクは極めて低い。

  • It's estimated that about 5% of dogs will get hospitalized from chemotherapy related side effects, whether that's severe vomiting or diarrhea, again we're going to talk about those side effects, or severe low white blood cell count which leads to an infection which is called sepsis.

    化学療法に関連した副作用で入院する犬は約5%と推定されています。ひどい嘔吐や下痢、あるいはひどい白血球数の低下で敗血症と呼ばれる感染症になるなどです。

  • So it's not half of the patients that were given chemo, less than 5%, even lower in cats.

    だから化学療法を受けた患者の半数ではなく、5%以下、猫ではもっと低い。

  • Cats tolerate chemo better than dogs.

    猫は犬よりも化学療法によく耐える。

  • What I usually encourage pet owners that are thinking about giving chemotherapies, let me give her a dose or two.

    化学療法を行おうと考えている飼い主には、通常、1、2回投与させてくださいと勧めている。

  • And so many owners are so surprised how well their pets are doing on chemotherapy, they keep coming back because they're so surprised.

    そして、多くの飼い主が化学療法を受けたペットの調子の良さに驚いて、何度も足を運んでくれるのです。

  • So you can watch my other videos, you can see we still have dogs that still go on hikes, still do agility, still lead a very normal life as they're going through chemo.

    私の他のビデオを見てもらえばわかると思うが、今でもハイキングに行ったり、アジリティをやったり、化学療法を受けながらもごく普通の生活を送っている犬たちがいる。

  • Every day is not going to be perfect.

    毎日が完璧ということはない。

  • You may have to cook some days for them and encourage them, and you may have to medicate them with the medications that I talked about, but owners look back and tell me time after time after time, thank you so much Dr. Sue, I feel like the time that I got was such quality time and I got so much more time.

    でも、飼い主は振り返って、何度も何度も私にこう言うのだ、「スー先生、本当にありがとう。

  • And that's what helps me help you to think, to recommend, think about it.

    そしてそれこそが、あなたが考え、勧め、考える手助けをすることなんだ。

  • Again it is so well tolerated in the majority of pets.

    この薬もまた、大半のペットには耐性がある。

  • And the other thing is, it's not a contract.

    そしてもうひとつは、契約ではないということだ。

  • You can always stop giving chemotherapy if you change your mind.

    気が変われば、いつでも化学療法を中止することができる。

  • Just because you give one or two doses of chemotherapy does not mean that you sign up for the entire protocol.

    化学療法を1、2回投与したからといって、プロトコール全体にサインアップしたことにはならない。

  • You can stop if you change your mind, or if your pet is in that small percentage of pets that's not tolerating.

    気が変わったり、あなたのペットが我慢できないペットの数パーセントに入ったりしたら、やめることもできる。

  • The other thing with that is if they are having side effects, we can adjust chemotherapy, lower dose, use more preventative medication, so we can tweak things and adjust things and that's really one of the advantages of working with a specialist or someone who gives a lot of chemotherapy.

    もうひとつは、副作用がある場合、化学療法を調整したり、投与量を減らしたり、予防薬を増やしたりすることができる。

  • We have a lot of experience with these medications and the side effects and things like that.

    私たちは、これらの薬や副作用などについて多くの経験を持っている。

  • So again, chemotherapy can be very well tolerated, but just this week I'm dealing with Daisy who didn't like one of the drugs, Vincristine, so I've had to lower the dose and add not only Serenium, but Entice, and now she's having much less side effects.

    今週はデイジーがビンクリスチンという薬を嫌がったので、量を減らしてセレニウムだけでなくエンティスも追加した。

  • There are things that we can do to adjust the chemotherapy, but again, the majority of dogs and cats, chemotherapy is extremely well tolerated.

    化学療法を調整するためにできることはありますが、繰り返しますが、犬や猫の大半は化学療法に非常によく耐えます。

  • So we're talking about the top things about the top side effects of chemotherapy.

    化学療法の副作用のトップについて話しているわけです。

  • So for two, three, and four, I want to talk about the main chemotherapy side effects.

    そこで2、3、4については、主な化学療法の副作用についてお話ししたいと思います。

  • But before I can do that, I kind of have to go through how chemotherapy works, because if we understand how chemotherapy works, we can understand why we see the side effects that we see.

    というのも、化学療法がどのように作用するのかを理解すれば、なぜそのような副作用が見られるのかを理解することができるからだ。

  • So the goal of chemotherapy is to kill the rapidly dividing cancer cells.

    つまり化学療法の目的は、急速に分裂するがん細胞を死滅させることなのだ。

  • That makes sense, right?

    理にかなっているだろう?

  • These are cancer cells that are dividing uncontrollably and rather quickly.

    このようながん細胞は、制御不能な速さで分裂している。

  • There are certain cells in our body which turn over and divide more quickly, and those are what I call the innocent bystanders, and those are the ones that get damaged from chemotherapy, and those are the ones that we tend to see side effects.

    私たちの体内には、ターンオーバーや細胞分裂のスピードが速い特定の細胞があり、私が "無実の傍観者 "と呼んでいるものだ。

  • So the three main cells that divide pretty quickly in the body are the hair follicle, and that's why people will lose their hair as they're going through chemotherapy, the gastrointestinal tract cells, these crypt cells, which are certain cells in the GI tract, and some of the cells in the bone marrow, because they have high turnover, and the ones that have the quickest turnover are the white blood cells, these ones called the neutrophils, which are the infection-fighting cells.

    体内でかなり早く分裂する主な3つの細胞は毛包で、化学療法を受けると毛が抜けるのはそのためです。消化管の細胞、クリプト細胞、骨髄の細胞の一部はターンオーバーが速いためです。

  • So those are the ones that are damaged from chemotherapy.

    化学療法でダメージを受けたものだ。

  • So that makes sense when we think about the side effects of chemotherapy.

    化学療法の副作用を考えれば、それも納得がいく。

  • People and certain dog breeds have continuously growing hair, and that's why they lose their hair.

    人間やある種の犬種は絶えず毛が生え続けており、そのために毛が抜けるのだ。

  • Luckily, most dogs do not lose their hair because they don't have a continuously growing hair coat.

    幸いなことに、ほとんどの犬は毛が生え続けているわけではないので、毛が抜けることはない。

  • That's why most dogs going through chemotherapy look as normal as ever.

    そのため、化学療法を受ける犬のほとんどは、これまでと同じように見える。

  • There are some breeds that your veterinarian or your oncologist can go through.

    獣医師や腫瘍専門医が診てくれる品種もある。

  • The top breeds that I think about are some of the terrier breeds, like Westies, Poodles,

    私が考えるトップ犬種は、ウェスティやプードルのようなテリア系の犬種です、

  • Scottish Terriers, Old English Sheepdogs.

    スコティッシュ・テリア、オールド・イングリッシュ・シープドッグ

  • Some of those breeds, Havanese, their hair coat will thin out.

    ハバニーズなど、毛が薄くなる犬種もいる。

  • They will have some patchy areas of baldness as they're going through chemotherapy, but their hair coat will grow back.

    化学療法を受けている間は、禿げた部分が部分的に出てきますが、毛はまた生えてきます。

  • If your dog is part poodle, like a golden doodle, they are likely to thin out pretty decently as they're going through chemotherapy.

    もしあなたの犬がゴールデンドゥードルのようなプードルであれば、化学療法を受けている間、かなり間引かれる可能性が高い。

  • Kitty cats, they do not lose their hair.

    子猫は毛が抜けない。

  • They can lose their whiskers, and again, they will grow back, or their whiskers can thin out.

    ひげを失うこともあるが、また生えてくるし、ひげが薄くなることもある。

  • Some cats that are on chronic chemotherapy get a really soft, we call it a chemo coat, just super, super soft.

    慢性的な化学療法を受けている猫の中には、ケモコートと呼ばれる、とても柔らかい被毛になる子がいる。

  • So that was number two, was hair.

    それが2つ目の髪だった。

  • Again, rapidly dividing cells.

    ここでもまた、急速に分裂する細胞である。

  • Number three is gastrointestinal cells, and that is one of the reasons that we see GI, or gastrointestinal signs, which can manifest as vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and then can lead to weight loss.

    嘔吐、下痢、食欲不振などの症状が現れ、体重減少につながることもある。

  • Chemotherapy can also cause nausea and vomiting through the brain as well, because it can hit some of the receptors in the brain as well, but again, because it can kill rapidly dividing gastrointestinal cells are one of the reasons that we can see these GI signs.

    化学療法は脳の受容体にも作用するため、脳を通じて吐き気や嘔吐を引き起こすこともあるが、やはり、急速に分裂する消化管細胞を死滅させることが、こうした消化器系の徴候が見られる理由の一つである。

  • When do we see GI signs after chemotherapy?

    化学療法後に消化器系の徴候が見られるのはいつですか?

  • Usually, if it's from damage to the gastrointestinal cells, about one to five days after chemotherapy, and in general, it will last about three to five days, because that's how long it takes the body to replenish those cells.

    通常、消化管細胞の損傷によるものであれば、化学療法後1~5日程度、一般的には3~5日程度続く。

  • So again, now that we understand how chemo works, we're understanding why we see the signs that we see.

    化学療法がどのように作用するかを理解したことで、なぜそのような徴候が見られるのかもわかってきた。

  • So we talked about hair, we talked about GI, and then the third set of cells I told you are those white blood cells, those neutrophils, those infection-fighting cells that we make in the bone marrow.

    毛髪、消化管、そして3つ目の細胞は、骨髄で作られる白血球、好中球、感染と闘う細胞です。

  • Most chemotherapy drugs, if we're gonna damage those cells, it's usually day seven after the chemotherapy.

    ほとんどの化学療法薬は、もし細胞にダメージを与えるとしたら、化学療法後7日目以降が多い。

  • So that is why my chemotherapy patients are often told, you're gonna come back seven days after chemotherapy so I can check the white blood cell to see if the neutrophil count got low.

    だから化学療法を受けた患者さんには、好中球の数が減っていないかどうか白血球を調べるために、化学療法の7日後にまた来てください、とよく言われるんです。

  • If it's a drug that is very likely to cause a low white blood cell count, because it's a strong drug, what we call highly myelosuppressive, I may put them on preventative antibiotics while I'm checking that first white blood cell count after chemotherapy, and then have them come back when I expect that low white blood cell count, which is called a NADR,

    白血球数の低下を引き起こす可能性が非常に高い薬剤の場合、それは強い薬剤、いわゆる骨髄抑制の強い薬剤なので、化学療法後の最初の白血球数をチェックしている間は予防的に抗生物質を投与し、白血球数の低下が予想されるときに再診してもらうことがあります、

  • N-A-D-R.

    N-A-D-R

  • So that's what the NADR appointment is, where we're checking for that low white blood cell count.

    つまり、NADRの予約とは、白血球数が少ないかどうかをチェックすることなんだ。

  • We also wanna make sure the patient doesn't have a fever, because again, if they get a very low white blood cell count and they have a fever, that's actually an oncologic, a cancer emergency because they could be getting septic.

    また、患者が発熱していないことも確認したい。白血球数が非常に少なく、発熱している場合は、敗血症になる可能性があるため、腫瘍学的、つまりがんの緊急事態となる。

  • And that would be those 5% of patients that need to get hospitalized for a couple of days of supportive care with IV fluids and antibiotics.

    そしてそれは、点滴と抗生物質による2、3日の支持療法のために入院が必要な患者の5%である。

  • Remember, it's really, really uncommon, but that doesn't mean if it doesn't happen, we don't need to hop on it and get them admitted, because that can be life-threatening.

    覚えておいてほしいのは、本当に、本当に珍しいことだということだ。だからといって、もしそれが起こらなかったとしても、私たちはそれに飛びついて入院させる必要はないということではない。

  • So it's uncommon, but there are some real side effects of chemotherapy, so I don't wanna make it all like, oh, there's nothing to worry about, because even though chemotherapy is very well-tolerated, about once a year, maybe twice a year, I do have some chemotherapy patients that get very low white blood cell counts and need to be hospitalized, or severely, they're vomiting five to seven times a day or two after chemotherapy, and the owners can't get any of those oral nausea, vomiting medications in at home, so they do need to come to the hospital, because they're getting so dehydrated.

    化学療法は非常に忍容性が高いのですが、年に1回、あるいは2回ほど、白血球数が非常に低下して入院が必要になる化学療法患者がいます、化学療法後、1日か2日に5~7回嘔吐するような重症の患者さんで、飼い主さんが自宅で吐き気止めや嘔吐止めの内服薬を飲ませることができず、脱水症状がひどくなるため入院が必要になることがあります。

  • We're gonna admit them to the hospital, put an intravenous catheter into them, replenish their fluids intravenously, give them injectable nausea medications, and they're usually home within a day or two.

    入院させて静脈カテーテルを入れ、点滴で水分を補給し、注射で吐き気止めを投与し、通常は1日か2日で帰宅させる。

  • So we can correct these abnormalities with aggressive fluid therapy and hospitalizations.

    そのため、積極的な輸液療法と入院でこれらの異常を修正することができる。

  • Most of the time, when your dog or cat has a low white blood cell count, they're usually feeling well, it's just we wanna make sure they're not getting in that low range where they might need, if they hadn't been prescribed antibiotics, because sometimes it happens after a drug that we're not expecting for them to get low, so if they come in and they have a very low white blood cell count, we may need to delay their next chemotherapy treatment, and we may need to put them on antibiotics, and so that's probably a good time for me to remind you that chemotherapy, one of the annoying parts, I'll be honest, is for me, the cancer specialist who's trying to direct treatments for the family and the family going through is, there's a little bit of uncertainty, like sometimes, oh, we went in for treatment, it got delayed, or we needed antibiotics, so it goes back to you need to be a little bit flexible with your budget, make sure you have some room in there for extra antibiotics, extra nausea medications, and things like that, and there are maybe times where you go in and the white blood cell count was low, so maybe the oncologist had to rearrange the order or told you needed to wait a week till the white blood cell count rebounded, and that's another good question that I often get is, well, what can I do when my dog or cat's white blood cell count is low to get it back up?

    もし抗生物質が処方されていなかったとしたら、抗生物質が必要になるような低い数値になっていないことを確認したいだけなのです、次の化学療法を遅らせたり 抗生物質を投与する必要があるかもしれません 化学療法が厄介なのは 正直なところです 私やがん専門医は 家族や患者さんのために 治療を指示するのですが治療のために行ったのに延期になったり、抗生物質が必要になったりすることもあります。ですから、予算には少し余裕を持たせ、抗生物質や吐き気止めの追加分などには余裕を持たせておく必要があります、白血球の数が少なくて、腫瘍

  • In general, we don't give a routine medication to get the white blood cell count back up.

    一般的には、白血球数を回復させるために定期的に薬を投与することはありません。

  • The body is really good at sensing that the white blood cell count is low, and it releases a natural substance in the body, and that's gonna stimulate the neutrophil, the white blood cell count, to rebound, and usually, most dogs and cats will rebound on their own within a couple of days, so it's very rare that we'll use this product called Neupogen, which is a human product to stimulate the white blood cell count.

    体は白血球の数が少なくなっていることを察知するのが得意で、体内で天然物質を放出し、白血球の数である好中球を刺激して、白血球の数を回復させます。通常、ほとんどの犬や猫は2、3日以内に自分で回復しますから、白血球の数を刺激するために、このニューポゲンという人間用の製品を使うことは非常にまれです。

  • The only time that I really use that product is, or that medication, is a dog, it's usually dogs that are in the hospital, their white blood cell count's really, really low, and they've been in the hospital for like 48 hours, and we haven't seen any improvement with the dog's neutrophil white blood cell count on their own.

    私がその製品を使うのは、あるいはその薬を使うのは、たいていは入院中の犬で、白血球数が本当に本当に少なく、48時間くらい入院しているのですが、その犬の好中球白血球数が自力で改善するのを見たことがありません。

  • That's when we're gonna use Neupogen, but if you go in and the white blood cell count, the neutrophil count, was too low for chemo, you may get some antibiotics, even if it's mildly low, you may not need antibiotics, you may just need a day or two, or they may tell you to come back in five days, you know, depending on, you know, the scheduling and things like that, but you may or may not get antibiotics, you may just be told that we're gonna delay treatment.

    しかし、白血球数(好中球数)が化学療法を行うには低すぎる場合、抗生物質が処方されるかもしれません。たとえ軽度であったとしても、抗生物質は必要ないかもしれません。

  • It really depends on the cancer, you know, osteosarcoma's gonna be different, what I may recommend than lymphoma, and where you are in your pet's protocol, but again, most of the time, we can't give chemotherapy if the white blood cell count's low, so we're usually gonna delay it.

    骨肉腫とリンパ腫では勧めるものが違うし、ペットのプロトコールのどの段階にあるかにもよるが、ほとんどの場合、白血球数が少ないと化学療法はできないので、通常は化学療法を遅らせることになる。

  • The fifth thing that I want you to think about when I think about chemotherapy side effects, again, is that very preventative approach, and over the years, so I've been an oncologist, you know, going on 20 years now, you know, even I have modified the way that I do things, and a preventative approach is so important, so again, on that first day of chemotherapy, everybody's going home with their goodie bags of a nausea medication, so currently I'm using

    化学療法の副作用について考えるとき、5つ目に考えてほしいことは、やはり予防的アプローチです。長年、腫瘍内科医をやってきて、もう20年になりますが、私でもやり方を変えてきました。予防的アプローチはとても重要です。

  • Serenia, a diarrhea medication, metronidazole, a probiotic, I have a whole separate vlog on probiotics and why I think they're just so important, and we'll put that link in there as well.

    下痢止めのセレニア、プロバイオティクスのメトロニダゾール、私はプロバイオティクスについて、そしてなぜプロバイオティクスがとても重要なのかについて、まったく別のブログを書いているので、そのリンクも貼っておく。

  • A couple of months ago, I just went to that whole symposium in Canada on probiotics, so again, nausea vomiting medication, diarrhea medication, probiotic, and then an appetite stimulant, Entice for dogs, and Mirataz for kitty cats, so you know, you wanna go home with those, and then there are additional medications, you know, if your pet is still having diarrhea, we can use products like RX Clay and things like that, so again, we just wanna take a very preventative approach, I often give injectable nausea medication with many of the chemotherapy drugs, part of that preventative approach may be preventative antibiotics for these chemotherapy drugs that are highly likely to cause a low white blood cell count, I may use a preventative antibiotic, so not after all chemotherapy drugs, and now you're thinking, well, which ones?

    吐き気止め、下痢止め、プロバイオティクス、それから食欲増進剤、犬にはEntice、猫にはMirataz、また、化学療法薬と一緒に吐き気止めの注射薬を投与することもありますし、白血球の減少を引き起こす可能性が高い化学療法薬には、予防的な抗生物質を使用することもあります。

  • So let me give you an example, doxorubicin, really common drug, it's in the lymphoma chemotherapy protocol, can be used as a single agent drug for lymphoma, it's given to dogs with emangiosarcoma, just a really common drug for cats, we often use it for mammary cancers, also in the lymphoma protocol as well, so what we know is that it is a drug that's likely to cause nausea and vomiting, and likely, highly likely to cause a low white blood cell count, so we take a very preventative approach, what do we do?

    ドキソルビシンは、リンパ腫の化学療法プロトコールに含まれ、リンパ腫の単剤治療薬として使用される、リンパ腫のプロトコールにもよく使われます。私たちが知っているのは、この薬は吐き気や嘔吐を起こしやすく、白血球数の減少を引き起こす可能性が高い薬だということです。

  • I give Cerenia injectable with chemotherapy before the chemotherapy, and that's gonna last for about 24 hours, for dogs, I instruct the pet owners, starting the day after, so say we gave it today, starting tomorrow, you're gonna give oral Cerenia, a vomiting and nausea medication, for at least four to five days, even if they're eating like a champ, and then we are also gonna do a course of preventative antibiotics, we know that most dogs likely get low on day seven, so we're gonna make sure they're on antibiotics for a window around that time, and I'm gonna see them, or they're gonna go back to their veterinarian on day seven, so a week after chemo, to check a CBC, a complete blood count, which allows us to check their white blood cell count, the neutrophil count, that's what we're interested in, we're also gonna check, see how they're doing, are they eating okay, how did they handle chemo, and make sure they don't have a fever, cats, again, they tolerate chemo, so usually we just give, I give the injectable Cerenia, but I don't actually have the owners give the oral Cerenia at home, because cats tolerate chemo better.

    犬には、化学療法の翌日から、つまり今日化学療法を行ったとすると明日から、嘔吐と吐き気の薬であるセレニアを経口投与するように飼い主に指示します、そして、予防のために抗生物質を投与します。ほとんどの犬は7日目には体力が低下することがわかっています、化学療法の1週間後、CBC(全血球算定)を行い、白血球数や好中球数を調べます、猫は化学療法に耐性があるので、通常はセレニアの注射薬を投与する。

  • The way that I think about chemotherapy in dogs and cats is the way that we think about pain and surgery in dogs and cats, and people too, right, so we know it's better to prevent pain than to wait for it to happen and treat, and I can tell you with my two C-sections, in one of them we took a preventative approach, and it was way better than the one where they let the pain build up and then tried to deal with it, so preventative approach is way better, so we want to prevent nausea, prevent inappetence, prevent vomiting, so if it's a drug that is highly likely to cause that, we are going to take a preventative approach.

    私が犬や猫の化学療法について考える方法は、犬や猫の痛みや手術について考える方法です、だから、吐き気を防ぎ、発育不良を防ぎ、嘔吐を防ぎたいのです。だから、それを引き起こす可能性が高い薬であれば、予防的なアプローチを取ります。

  • What if your pet had a bad reaction to, so this drug called cyclophosphamide?

    もしあなたのペットが、シクロホスファミドという薬に悪い反応を示したとしたら?

  • Most dogs have very little GI side effects, recently I had a pet that didn't wanna eat for a couple days after, so what do we do?

    ほとんどの犬は消化器系の副作用はほとんどありませんが、最近、2、3日食事をしたがらないペットがいました。

  • We're gonna add Cerenia, we're gonna add appetite stimulants, so that's why we have to adjust for each patient, so I didn't automatically do Cerenia, but for that patient, after I knew that they didn't like it, I said this time we're automatically gonna do Cerenia, so they're just, you know, that was our lease, sometimes you have to adjust things for the individual patient, so make sure you tell your cancer specialist, you know what, they didn't eat after cyclophosphamide for a couple days, we have to adjust things for the individual, and we can, so again, it's your job, your job, as the pet parent, to tell me, the cancer specialist or your veterinarian, how did they respond to it, because we can adjust things, so speak up, tell us how they're doing, because just know that we can typically adjust things, lower the dose, use more preventative medications, because I want your cancer experience, your pet's, you know, chemotherapy experience to be the best possible, because that's my job.

    セレニアを追加する、食欲増進剤を追加する、だから患者さんごとに調整しなければならない、ペットの親であるあなたの仕事です。がん専門医や獣医師に、どのように反応したかを教えてください。

  • Alright, so we talked about five things that I wanted you to know about chemotherapy side effects, one, chemotherapy is well tolerated, two, three, and four were the three main categories of side effects, hair loss, which is really not a big deal in the majority of pets, and guys, remember, if it does happen, your dog doesn't care, like if I lost my hair from chemotherapy, huge psychological impact, but if your dog is one of those breeds, it's not going to affect their quality of life, the two that are more likely to affect their quality of life are GI side effects, so vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and we talked about the fourth one, which is predominantly the low white blood cell count, I do want to point out that for the GI side effects, I do have a good number of vlogs that are related that I think are really, really important, if your pet is not eating, we have vlog number 68 and 69, which are the secrets to get your pet to eat, some of these have to do with the medications that I talked about, and some of these are just tips of things that you can do that are in your kitchen, you know, heating food, trying different plates and things like that, so if your pet is not eating related to chemotherapy, I would encourage you to definitely check out vlogs number 68 and 69, and another thing is, I've been talking about how to give all these pills and medications, but you may not know how to give a pill, because a lot of times, I think pet owners rely on putting it in their food or putting it in a treat, but if they're not eating, how do we give a pill, so you definitely want to check out the video after that, which is vlog number 70, of course I will put links below, and then the fifth thing that we talked about was that we want to take a preventative approach, and so you want to make sure you go home with your goodie bag of medications at that first visit, because if your pet is not eating at 9 o'clock at night or at 5 a.m., you want to have that, you don't want to run out to an emergency clinic, you want to have that, because side effects seem to always happen after hours and on the weekend, so I really want you to have all of the medications that you need.

    化学療法の副作用について知っておいてほしいことを5つお話しました。1つは、化学療法は忍容性が高いということ、2つ目、3つ目、4つ目は副作用の主な3つのカテゴリーです、QOLに影響を与える可能性が高いのは、嘔吐、下痢、食欲不振といった消化器系の副作用と、白血球数の減少が主な4つ目の副作用です、もしペットが化学療法に関連して食べないのであれば、68番と69番のブログをぜひご覧ください、そして、5つ目は、予防的なアプローチについてです。m.,副作用はいつも時間外や週末に起こるようですから。

  • I also have a chemotherapy handout, and you don't have to come see me to have that, it is on my website, and we will put a link below, this is a recently updated information sheet on what to do, you know, all about chemotherapy side effects, talks about the things that we talked about in this video, in addition to home safety with chemotherapy, and that is the last video that I want to point out, so the top things that you need to know about chemotherapy safety in your home, which is vlog number 66.

    これは最近更新された情報シートで、化学療法の副作用について、このビデオで話したことに加えて、化学療法の家庭での安全性についても書かれています。

  • So guys, why do I have all these videos about chemotherapy?

    なぜ化学療法についてのビデオばかり持っているんだ?

  • Because I know that it's scary, and I want you to have as much information as possible.

    怖いのはわかるから、できるだけ多くの情報を持っていてほしい。

  • I also want you to realize, I didn't cover every chemotherapy related side effect.

    また、化学療法に関連する副作用をすべて網羅したわけではないこともご理解いただきたい。

  • There are going to be some other chemotherapy drugs that have unique side effects, for example cyclophosphamide is a drug that we give for lymphoma, and dogs, not kitty cats, can cause bladder irritation, so we give furosemide, which is Lasix, to promote urination, and we talk about, you know, giving it in the morning, the drug in the morning, and making sure that your dog has ample access to water for about three days and extra walks, so the breakdown product doesn't sit up against the bladder wall and cause irritation.

    例えば、シクロホスファミドはリンパ腫に投与する薬で、子猫ではなく犬は膀胱に炎症を起こす可能性があるため、排尿を促すためにフロセミド(ラシックス)を投与する。

  • We don't see that in kitty cats, so we don't have to worry about it.

    子猫には見られないので、心配する必要はない。

  • Doxorubicin, the drug that I was mentioning earlier, can cause cardiotoxicity with six or more dosages, so most oncologists will cap out at six doses, and that's lifetime.

    先ほどのドキソルビシンは、6回以上の投与で心毒性を引き起こす可能性があるため、ほとんどの腫瘍医は6回を上限とし、それが生涯の投与量となる。

  • So again, for lymphoma, which I keep going back to, they get four doxorubicins in the first protocol.

    リンパ腫の場合、何度も言うが、最初のプロトコールで4種類のドキソルビシンを投与する。

  • If they relapse and they go back to the CHOP multi-agent chemotherapy, they can only get two more, and then we need to swap in another drug.

    もし再発し、CHOP多剤併用化学療法に戻ったとしても、あと2回しか受けられない。

  • So again, your cancer specialist will go over these, you know, different side effects with you, but I wanted to really hit the hot, you know, the main ones, which was GI, low white blood cell count, and hair loss, because those are really the main side effects, and we talked about why we see them.

    がん専門医がこれらの副作用について説明してくれるだろうが、私は特に、消化器系疾患、白血球数の低下、脱毛といった主な副作用を取り上げたかった。

  • That's it, guys.

    以上だ。

  • I really hope that you found this helpful.

    少しでも参考になれば幸いだ。

  • Again, I can't believe that we got to vlog number 93 without me having a full video on chemotherapy side effects.

    またしても、化学療法の副作用についての完全なビデオがないまま、ブログ93号まで来てしまったことが信じられない。

  • This is a super important one.

    これは超重要なことだ。

  • I think it's really important to have everything in one spot, and guys, it was you who reminded me that this wasn't all in one spot, so comment below, tell me what else you want to see, because it really helps.

    すべてを1カ所にまとめることは本当に重要だと思うし、みんな、これが1カ所にまとまっていないことを気づかせてくれたのは君たちだ。

  • I'm listening.

    聞いているよ。

  • I read all those comments, and I really appreciate it.

    すべてのコメントを読み、本当に感謝している。

  • Please don't forget to subscribe, and I'll see you at the next video.

    次回のビデオでお会いしましょう。

We are told by our veterinarian that chemotherapy is recommended for our pets.

私たちは獣医師から、ペットには化学療法が勧められると聞かされます。

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