Whatwesayinthatpresentationorasmarketers, whatwesayinanadvertisementmighthaveanimpact, butwecanhave a muchlargerimpactifwecangetotherpeopletalkingaboutourstuff, ifwecanturncustomersintoadvocates, ifwecanturnlistenersandcolleaguesintosupporters, ifwecangetthemtoshare a message, notonlywillwehavemorereach, wereach a broadersetofpeoplewiththatmessage, butwe'llhavemuchmoreimpact.
SoinContagious, I talkaboutthosefactorsthatdrivewordofmouthanddriveconsumerbehaviorandmoreimportantly, howwecanleveragethemtocraftcontagiouscontent, howwecanleveragethemtobuildmessagesandideasandproductsandpresentationsthatwillspreadandcatchon.
So I talkabout a storyof a bar, forexample, hiddenin a hotdogrestaurant.
そこで私は、例えばホットドッグレストランに隠れたバーの話をする。
Youwalkdown a flightofstairs, there's thishotdogrestaurant, butinthecorneroftheroomis a phoneboothandifyougointothephoneboothandyoudial a number, someonewillpickuptheotherline, they'llaskyoutohave a reservation.
If I'm thefirstpersontoadopt a newproductorservice, if I haveinformationthatnoteveryoneelsehasaccessto, ifsomethingreallygoodorcoolorexcitinghappenstomethatmakesmelooksmart, I'm morelikelytoshareit.
Wespend a lotlesstimethinkingabouthowtheaudiencewilllookiftheytellpeopleaboutit.
それを人に話したら観客がどう思うかを考える時間は、かなり少なくなった。
When I'm selling a product, maybe I make a perfectadvertisementand I wanttomakesurethateveryonewilllovethead, but I don't thinkasmuchabout, okay, well, ifsomeoneseesthat, howaretheygoingtolookiftheytelltheirfriendsaboutit?
Andunfortunately, that's a mistakebecauseitturnsoutthatsubtleshiftsinlanguagecanhave a hugeimpactoneverythingfromconvincingclientsandholdingattentiontoconnectingwithlovedonesinourlives.
I likeframeworks, so I putthemin a frameworkcalledthespeakframework, that's S-P-E-A-C-C, because I couldn't comeupwithsomethingthathad a K init, butthatstandsforwordsthatevokesimilarity.
私はフレームワークが好きなので、S・P・E・A・C・Cと呼ばれるフレームワークに入れた。
Posingquestionsisthe P, E isforemotion, A isforagencyandidentity, oneofthe C's isconcreteness, andoneofthe C's isconfidence.
And I probablysaidsomethingthatbacklike, fine, howareyou?
そして、私はおそらく、「元気かい、調子はどうだい?
Right.
そうだね。
Andthosearegoodquestions.
いい質問だ。
They'renotbad, they'repolite.
彼らは悪くないし、礼儀正しい。
Butwhenresearcherslookedat a varietyofdifferenttypesofconversations, hundredsofdifferenttypesofconversations, theyfoundthat a particulartypeofquestionwasparticularlyimpactful, quiteusefulinshapinghowothersperceiveus.
Butifyou'renotevensurethisis a goodsolution, ifyou'renotevensurethisisgoingtowork, ifyou'renotevensurethisisthebestcourseofaction, I'm muchlesslikelytobepersuadedas a result.
Andindeed, manyexperiments a colleagueand I conductedinthisspace, aswellasanalysiswedidoffielddata, showsthatthemorehedgesweuse, thelesspersuadedotherpeopleare.
Andsowhatwefoundisthat a languageassociatedwithuncertainty, whetherduetoemotionalreasonsorotherwise, wasmorelikelytoencouragepeopletokeeppayingattention.
Andsoifsuddenlyvotingbecomesanopportunitytoshowthatwe're a voter, well, nowwe'remorelikelytodoit.
だから、突然、投票が有権者であることを示す機会になれば、今度は投票する可能性が高くなる。
Ifhelpingisanopportunitytoshow I'm a helper, muchmorelikelytodoit.
手伝いをすることで、自分がヘルパーであることを示せるなら、そうする可能性はずっと高い。
Thesameistrueontheoppositeside.
反対側も同じだ。
Losingisbad, butbeing a loser, well, that's evenworse.
負けることは悪いことだが、負け犬であることはもっと悪いことだ。
Cheatingisbad, butbeing a cheaterisevenworse.
浮気は悪いことだが、浮気者であることはもっと悪いことだ。
Researchshowsthatifyouaskstudents, ratherthansaying, don't cheat, youtellthem, don't be a cheater, they'remuchlesslikelytocheatbecausenowcheatingwouldshowthatthey'reclaimingthisundesiredidentity.
Ifyouthinkaboutit, oftenwedescribeourselvesusinganadjectiveoragain, a verb.
考えてみれば、私たちはしばしば形容詞や動詞を使って自分自身を表現する。
Wesay, I amhardworking.
私は勤勉です。
Well, that's good.
それは良かった。
Butletmesay, imagine I toldyouabouttwopeople, someonewhorunsandsomeonewhois a runner.
しかし、私が2人の人間、走る人と走る人について話したとしよう。
Ifyouhadtoguesswhichofthosetwopeoplerunsmoreoften, thepersonwhorunsorwhois a runner?
この2人のうち、走る人と走る人のどちらがより頻繁に走っているか当てるとしたら?
Well, I wouldsay, basedonwhatyou'vesaid, is a runner.
まあ、君の話からするとランナーだね。
Yeah, right.
そうだね。
Being a runnersuggests a stabletrait.
ランナーであることは、安定した特性を示唆している。
It's notjustsomethingthathappensoncein a while.
たまに起こることではない。
It's whoyouare.
それがあなたなんだ。
Andsoratherthantalkingaboutyourselfashardworking, talkaboutyourselfas a hardworker.
だから、自分のことを勤勉だと言うのではなく、自分のことを努力家だと言うんだ。
Ratherthantalkingaboutyourselfascreative, you're a creatororsomeoneelseis a creator.
自分自身をクリエイティブだと語るのではなく、自分がクリエイターなのか、誰かがクリエイターなのか。
Ratherthanbeinginnovative, you'reaninnovator.
革新的というより、イノベーターだ。
Byclaimingtheseidentities, eitherdescribingourselvesthatwayorothersthatwewanttobeperceivedfavorably, itencouragesthemtoseethosethingsasmorestabletraitsandhavepeoplethinkthey'remorelikelytopersistas a result.
Soitsoundsliketome, puttingourselvesintheroleas a runner, assomebodywhois a creator, reallyhelpsouraudienceseeusasmoreengagedandtobesomebodywho's moreinvolvedwiththat.
It's muchbettertoidentifythebarrierstochangeandmitigatethemandreallythinkabouthowcanwehelppeoplegettowherewewantedthemtogettointhefirstplaceontheirown, askingtherightquestionsthatleadthemdown a pathratherthanforcingthemdownthatway.
Andso I thinkgreatcommunicatorsaregoodatnotjusttellingtheiraudienceswhattodo, buthelpingtheiraudiencesseethatthebestwayfortheaudiencetoreachwhattheywantedtodoistodowhatthecommunicatorwasinterestedinhavingthemdointhefirstplace.