Exodus 12.40 tellsusthattheIsraeliteswereincaptivityinEgyptfor 430 years.
出エジプト記12.40によれば、イスラエルの民は430年間エジプトに捕囚されていた。
Intermsof a numberofhowbigthispeoplegroupwas, thatisdebatedamongscholarsand I'm notevengoingtolist a numberherebecausetherearesomanydifferentclaimsthataresowiderangingfromoneanother.
Afterall, thisstoryis a continuationofGod's firstcovenantandthatfirstcovenantwesawinGenesiswithAbrahamthathewouldblessAbraham's descendantsbymakingthem a greatnation, thattheywouldinheritthelandofCanaan, andthattheywouldbe a blessingtoallnations.
I thinkthatlastoneis a littlebitcontroversialbecauseifyou'regoingtogetpointtwowhereyouinheritCanaan, you'redefinitelynotgoingtobe a blessingtotheCanaanites, yetalone a wholehostofotherthingsthatwe'regoingtoseethroughouttherestofthePentateuch.
Butwhatwe'regoingtogetinthisstoryis a continuationofthatAbrahamiccovenantorreally a redoingalreadyof a newcovenantwithMoses, establishingMosesas a leaderandgivinglaw.
So, inadditiontotheExodusitselffromEgypt, thewanderinginthedesert, themanymiraclesthathappen, wedoreachthelawwhereMosesisgiventheTenCommandmentsatMountSinai, andthentheendofExodusisreallyfocusedonthetabernaclewhich I thinkissomethingthatmaybe a lotofChristiansdon't knowmuchaboutandprobably a lotofnon-believersknowlittletonothingabout.
Wehad a prequelinGenesisthatwaspavingtheway, butthisisthatactualbirthofthenation.
創世記には、その道を切り開く前日譚があった。
So, let's diveintopointtwo, authorshipanddate.
では、2つ目のポイント、オーサーシップと日付に飛び込もう。
Nowherewemightbe a littlemorebriefbecause I handledthisin a lotofdetailintheGenesisvideo.
ジェネシスのビデオでかなり詳しく扱ったので、ここではもう少し手短に。
So, ifyouhaven't watchedtheGenesisoneyet, watchthisandmypointtwotherewillexplainthehugedifferencebetweenthepotentialthatMoseswrotethisbookandallthedivineinspirationthatthatwouldrequire, theabilityforhimtoforetellhisowndeath, and a muchmoresupernaturalpresenceingeneraltogetthisword.
Itseemsunlikely, though, that a nationasstrongandpowerfulanddominantasEgyptthatwasasgoodwiththeirrecordkeepingastheywerejustleftoutwhatwouldhavebeentheirlargestworkforceandthenlackofthatworkforce.
Andjustlike a largeportionofprogressiveChristiansdon't believein a sixdaycreationstoryoreven a youngearththeoryforthatmatter, a largeportionofbelieversandscholarsarenowlookingattheExodusassomethingmoresymbolic, viewingExodusas a storythatreflectsthecollectivememoryofthesepeople, theiridentityandformationandreligiousbeliefs.
Parttwoistheforgingofthischosenpeoplegroup, withthepinnaclebeingreceivingtheTenCommandments, receivingthecovenant, receivingthelaw, organizingthemselvesas a peoplegroupwith a strongemphasisonmoralandethicalconduct, whichis a themethatprettymuchkeepsupallthewaythroughuntiltheGospelswiththesacrificeofJesus.
Now I don't knowifyouwouldcountthisasitsownliterarytechnique, butlistingoutandconveyingthelaws, theconsequencesofbreakingthoselaws, andtheimportanceoftheselawsis a hugepartoftheExodusstoryandthislegalisticnatureissomethingthatwedoseeinotherancienttextsthataresimilarinscope.
It's kindoflikethatgameyouwouldplayinhistoryclasswhereit's like, oh, if I wasonanislandwiththismanypeopleand I hadtocreatemyowngovernment, whatwoulditlooklike?
ButMosesasanexampleof a leaderissomethingthatisfascinating.
しかし、指導者の例としてのモーゼは魅力的だ。
Thepeoplethathechosetosurroundhimselfwith, thewaythatheranhiscouncils, howhedivviedupthosewhoreportedtohimandwhattheirjobswereinleadingtheirgroupsofpeopleinthistrickledowneffectsothatMosesas a singleleadercouldhave a farandimpactfulreachamongstthewholegroup.
Legalityisaroundowningproperty, laborpractices, familyrelations, treatmentofinsiders, treatmentofoutsiders, etc.
合法性とは、財産の所有、労働慣行、家族関係、内部の人間の扱い、外部の人間の扱いなどに関わるものだ。
Whatwe'llseeveryclearlyisthattheIsraeliteshad a setoflawsthatwereforthemandhowtheytreatedtheirownand a prettydifferentsetoflawsonhowtheytreatedthosearoundthemandtheirneighboringorenemynations.
Tome, inmypersonalview, I seeitasalmost a sickironywhenyoulookattheslavesthatwerepartofthetransatlanticslavemovementandyouseethemlookingtoExodusastheeventualityoftheirpeoplebeingfreed.
Soyes, bythistimeinAmerica, theBiblewasbeingusedasbothanexcuseforowningslavesfromanothernationand a moralguidelineastowhywemightnotwanttodoslaveryanymore.
Butironicornot, thishasbeen a liberationtaleformany.
しかし、皮肉であろうとなかろうと、これは多くの人々にとって解放の物語となった。
A storyofpowerlessness, ofoppression, andofpullingyourselfuporhavingdivineinterventiontoremoveyououtofthosecircumstancesandempoweryouoryourpeopleto a greatercalling.
Andlike I mentionedearlierwhentalkingaboutitsthemes, thatyoucanjustreallypullapartformeaningandapplyinmany, manydifferentways, whichagainissomethingthatJordan B.
Andsomefocusmoreonthephysicalandtherealityofthisstoryas a historicalnarrativeshowingthebeginningoftheoppressionoftheJewsandspecificallywhattheworldhaslookedlikesinceforthispeoplegroup.
Again, allofthislooksreallynormalforwhatyouexpectoutof a man-madebookthatisjustcompilingdifferentsourcesfromthisoraltraditionnarrativethathadbeenfloatingaroundforwhoknowshowmanycenturies.
Itstartstolook a littlefuzzywhenyousaythatitisdivinelyinspiredinanyway.
どんな形であれ、それが神の霊感によるものだと言うと、少し曖昧に見えてくる。
SomeChristianshave a bigproblemwiththis.
クリスチャンの中には、このことに大きな問題を感じている人もいる。
SomeChristiansseenoproblemwiththisandjustexcuseitasmanwritingtheBible, having a falliblenature, andseeingthoseinconsistenciesissomethingthatwewouldexpecttosee, butitdoesn't takeawayfromthestoryofwhatGoddidforthesepeople, thecovenantthatheestablished, andtherelationshipthathewantstohavewitheveryonebecauseofit.
Justbeingthatthiswas a massmigrationofsuch a largenumberofpeopleforsuch a largenumberoftime, andthattheyleftessentiallynoimprintwhatsoeverontheworld, thisisvery, veryhardtofathom.
EventhefactthattheyarrivedinCanaanoutsideofEgypt, whenweknowthatatthattime, Canaanwasactually a propertyofEgypt.
当時、カナンはエジプトの領土であった。
Soyoudidn't escapefromEgyptintowhat?
では、エジプトから脱出しなかったのは?
MoreEgypt.
もっとエジプトを
TherewouldhavebeenEgyptianrulethereaswell.
そこにもエジプトの支配があっただろう。
SomethingtheBiblecompletelyleavesoutandmakesitsoundliketheyjustwanderedintothisperfectpromisedlandfilledwith a fewnativesandgiantsthathavetobeconquered.
And I thinkthatitisreachingtosaytheleast, especiallywhencomparedwiththeactualeventsandtheactualtimeframeestablishedintheExodusnarrativeaboutthoseplagues.
Again, therearesomanythingslikethisthatwhenyouputthewholeBibleunder a spotlighttogether, thingsjustdon't addupand I couldgoonliterallyhundredsofexamplesofmisconceptions, errors, orinconsistenciesslashcontradictionshere.
Asmuchinformationaswecangetinthesevideosabouttheseparticularbooks, I thinkwillbe a fascinatingplaceforpeopletocomeandwatchandthenreadandget a variedviewofexactlywhatthesebookshavemeanttosomanydifferentpeopleoversuch a largeamassingoftime.