AlltheotherwateronEarthissaltwaterintheoceans. Ofthatfreshwater, overtwo-thirdsofitislockedupinicesheetsandglaciers, and a tinyamountisfoundinriversandlakes.
TherestliesbeneathEarth's surface. Sogroundwatermakesup a littlemorethanhalfof a percentofallthewateronEarth, yetit's thelargestpotentialsourceoffreshwaterwe'vegotintheentirehydrologicalcyclethatmoveswaterbetweenthefourEarthsystems.
Lookingat a mapofgroundwateruse, we'd seethat's notsuch a greatthingforlargepartsoftheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica, whichisthemostwater-scarceregionintheworld.
地下水の利用状況を地図で見ると、中東と北アフリカの大部分は世界で最も水の乏しい地域である。
Severalcountrieshave a groundwaterstressrateofmorethan 100%, whichmeanswe'reusingupthegroundwaterresourcesfasterthantheycanberefilledorrecharged. Yousee, groundwateristhepartofthehydrospherestoredwithinthelithosphere.
Butit's stillconnectedtotheotherspheresonandabovethesurface. Precipitationthatabsorbsintothegroundbeforereaching a rivercanrechargeaquifersandotherundergroundreservoirs.
So, thoughwecanfindgroundwateratalmosteverylocationonlandthatreceivesrainfall, theamountofprecipitation, therateofevaporation, thecharacteroftheground, theamountandtypeofvegetation, andtheporosityandpermeabilityofsoilsandrocksmakeit a vastlyunequalresource.
Butanysolutionthatwouldleadtosustainablegroundwateruserequireslocalandregional-levelcooperation, whichcontinuestobe a massivehurdlenotjustintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.