So I canswitchbetweenheadsandtailsand I canswitchthezerosandonesinmycomputersothatitrepresentswhat I wantedtorepresentlikean A andwithquantumcomputerswehavenewrules, wegettouseto, wecanactuallyspinoneofourquarters.
A lotofthosediscoveryquestionsaremuchhardertosolveusingthecomputerswehavetoday.
そのような発見的な問題の多くは、現在のコンピューターでは解決するのが難しいのです。
Sothereasonwe'rebuildingthesekindsofcomputersisbecausewethinkthatmaybeonedaythey'regoingtodo a lotofreallyimportantthingslikehelpusunderstandnaturebetter.
Actuallythisiscalled a dilutionrefrigeratorandit's a refrigerator.
実はこれ、希釈式冷凍機と呼ばれるもので、冷蔵庫なんです。
Itdoesyoulooklike a normalrefrigerator, right?
普通の冷蔵庫に見えますよね?
Butit's somethingthatweuseactuallythere's usually a casearoundittocoolourquantumchipsdowncoldenoughthatwecancreatesuperpositionsandwecanentanglecubitsandtheinformationisn't losttotheenvironment.
Frommyunderstandingwith a quantumcomputerratherthanusingtransistorsisusingspins, youcanhavesuperpositionofspins, sodifferentstatesmorecombinationsmeansmorememory.
Okay, soit's thisideathatyouhavetwoobjectsandwhenyouentanglethemtogethertheybecomeconnectedandthentheresortofpermanentlyconnectedtoeachotherandtheybehaveinwaysthataresortof a systemnow.
Weneedtousedeviceswheretheycantheycansupport a quantumstateandwecanmanipulatethatquantumstate, atomsionsandinourcasesuperconductingqubits, wemakecubitsoutofsuperconductingmaterials.
I meanit's veryearlyforquantumcomputingbutwe'rebuildingassemblylanguages.
量子コンピュータはまだ早いですが、私たちはアセンブリ言語を作っているのです。
We'rebuildinglayersofabstractionthataregonnagetyouto a pointas a programmerwhereyoucaninterchangeablybeprogrammingsomethingthewaythatyoualreadydoandthenmakecallsto a quantumcomputersothatyoucanbringitinwhenitmakessense.
Insteadofnowwritingout a giantsimulationovermanyterms, youtryandactuallymimicthesystem, you'retryingtosimulatedirectlyon a quantumcomputerwhichwecandoforchemistry.
Onething I havecolleaguesherethatyoucantakeuptwoweekstotraincertainneuralnetworksandactuallymachinelearningisoneresearchdirectionwherewe'rereallyhopingthatwe'regoingtofindkeypartsofthemachinelearningcomputationthatcanbespedupusingquantumcomputing.
But I guessit's notimmediatelyobvioushowyoudothatwithquantumcomputers.
でも、量子コンピュータでそれをどうやるかは、すぐにはわからないと思います。
Ifyouthinkaboutevenjustclassicalinformationlikethisrightattheendofthedaywhenyoustore a bitinyourharddrive, there's a magneticdomainandyouhave a magneticpolarization, right?
Quantumsystemswerestillmanipulating a deviceandchangingthequantumstateofthatdevice.
量子システムは、やはりデバイスを操作して、そのデバイスの量子状態を変化させるものだった。
Youcanimagineifit's a spinthatyoucanhavespinupandspindown.
スピンアップとスピンダウンがあるのは、スピンなら想像がつくでしょう。
Butyoucanalso, ifyouisolateitenough, youcanhave a superpositionofupanddown.
しかし、十分に分離すれば、上下の重ね合わせも可能です。
Sowhatwedowhenwetrytosolveproblemswith a quantumcomputerisweencodepartoftheproblemwe'retryingtosolveinto a complexquantumstateandthenwemanipulatethatstatetodriveittowardswhatwilleventuallyrepresentthesolution.
Yousendthemallthewaydownthesecablesandwe'vecalibratedthesemicrowavepulsessothatweknowexactlythiskindofpulsewiththisfreethisdurationwillputthecubeitintosuperpositionorwillflipthestateofthecubitfrom 0 to 1.
Sowe'recurrentlyin a phasewherewe'reexploringwhatcanwedowiththeseneartermquantumcomputersAndtheanswerisgoingtobewhatweneeddifferentkindsofalgorithmstoreallyevenexplorethatquestion.
There's thingsthatweknoworwehavestrongreasontobelievearegoingtobefastertodoon a quantumcomputerandthenthere's thingsthatwe'lldiscoverjustbyvirtueofhavingone.
Hesaid, ohtheydon't teachthatincomputerscienceclassesanymorebecausethehardwarehasbecomesoreliablein a quantumsystemwhenyoulookatitormakemeasurementsititcanchangein a waythat's beyondyourcontrol.
Theredoesexistanalgorithmshore's algorithmwhichhasbeenprovenmathematicallythatifyouhad a largeenoughquantumcomputeryoucouldfindtheprimefactorsoflargenumbers.