Incontrast, manyeuropeancountries, includingtheUnitedKingdomFranceGermanyandSwitzerlanddonotrequire a bachelor's degreeandinsteadallowstudentstomatriculateintomedicalschoolrightafterhighschoolingeneralMedicalschoolinthesecountriesis 5 to 6 yearsinduration, afterwhichstudentswillcompleteresidencytraininglastinganadditional 3 to 8 years, dependingonthecountryandtheparticularspecialty.
Ifwedosomesimplecalculations, theshortestamountoftimeitwouldtaketobecome a physicianintheUnitedStatesafterhighschoolisaround 11 years, that's fouryearstogetyourbachelor's degreeplusfouryearsofmedicalschoolandthreeyearsofresidency.
Althoughtherearesomecountrieswhereitismorecompetitivetobecome a doctorthanintheUSwhichwediscussinourmedicalschoolcompetitivenessbycountryvideo, itisnotuncommonforUSpremedstoapplytomedicalschoolmultipletimesbeforegettingacceptedbecausemedicalschoolapplicationsoccuronceperyear.
Thisisanimportantfactortoconsiderasresearchhasshownthatphysiciansthatcomefrompoororminoritybackgroundsaremorelikelytopracticeinunderservedcommunitieswheretheneedforphysiciansisthegreatest, perhapsthelargestfactorlimitingourabilitytoproducemorephysicians, however, isthelimitednumberofresidencypositionsofferedeachyeartopracticemedicine.
Thisislargely a consequenceoflargeteachinghospitalsinmetropolitanareashavingmoreleveragewithprivateinsurerstogainhigherreimbursementratesforresidents, residentsimplicitlyfinance a portionoftheirtrainingthroughtheircontributionstopatientcare.
Whichcanbe a hugebarriertoentryforphysicianswhohavebeenpracticingformanyyearsandarewellestablishedintheirspecialty.
これは、長年診療を続け、専門分野での地位を確立している医師にとって、大きな参入障壁となり得ます。
Accordingto a 2020 articleintheannalsofInternalMedicineInternationalmedicalgraduatesor I MGsconstituteabout 25% ofallactivelyparticipatingspecialistsintheUnitedStatesandmostworkinruralandunderservedareasthroughoutthecountry.
2020年に発行されたAnnals of Internal Medicine誌の記事によると、International medical graduates(IMG)は、米国で活躍する専門医の約25%を占め、そのほとんどが国内の地方や未開拓地域で働いているとのことです。
Thismaysoundlike a lot, howevermany I MGsareonlyhereontemporary H one B and J oneVisaswhilecompletingresidencytraining, I MGsthathold a J oneVisaarerequiredtoreturntotheirhomecountryfortwoyearsaftercompletingtheirresidencyorfinish a threeyearwaiverpositioninanunderservedareabeforetheycanapplyforpermanentstatusor a greencard.
I MGsholdingan H one B Visamayapplyfor a greencardandpermanentresidentsaftertheycompletetheirresidency.
H one B Visaを保有するI MGは、居住を完了した後、グリーンカードと永住権を申請することができます。
Thatbeingsaidjustbecausetheyareeligiblefor a greencarddoesnotmeanthattheywillreceiveonegreencardsissuedundertheemploymentbasedcategory, suchasforresidentshave a totalcapofonly 140,000 greencardsperyearwith a fixedcapof 7% allottedtoeachcountry.
Inaddition, I MGsdonotreceiveanypreferentialtreatmentinobtainingtheircardforbeing a physicianandevenafterreceiving a greencard, therearemultiplehoopstojumpthroughtopracticeas a physicianpermanentlyintheUS.
Inaddition, physicianburnoutis a hugeissuewithinmedicinewhichhasbeenfurtherexacerbatedoverthepastfewyearsAs a resultofthecovid 19 pandemic, theseissuesmayleadsomephysicianstodecreasetheirhoursorevenleavetheprofessionas a wholeearlierthananticipated.
Ifthecostofmedicaleducationcontinuestoincreaseatthecurrentrateandsalariesforphysiciansstarttodecrease, wemayendupwith a generationofphysicianswithmassivedebtthattheystruggletopayback.
AsyoucanseesolvingtheissueofphysicianshortagesintheUSisnotjust a matteroftrainingmoredoctors.
このように、米国における医師不足の問題は、単に医師を多く育てればよいというものではありません。
Itis a complexissuewithmanydifferentfactorsthatwillrequireanequallycomplexandmultifactorialapproach.
様々な要因が絡み合う複雑な問題であり、同様に複雑で多因子にわたるアプローチが必要です。
Weneedleadersandpolicymakerstotake a goodhardlookatthestateofmedicaleducationandphysiciansintheUSandstartmakingstepstowardsaddressingissuesliketherisingcostofmedicaleducation, physicianburnoutandthelackofresidencypositions.