Name: The Day the Dinosaurs Died – Minute by Minute
Uploaded: 2021-07-04T13:08:39.000Z
Duration: 12 min 2 s

One of the greatest illusions  in life is continuity.

最も重大な錯覚のひとつに ”永続性”がある

66 million years ago, the continuity of  the dinosaurs had been going on for around  

165 million years already - and it  didn't seem this would change any time  

恐竜はすでに1億6500万年を存続しており

soon. The world was warm, and pleasant, and  most of the land was covered with lush forests  

急に変化が起きるようには見えなかった

and an incredible diversity of trees,  flowers, ferns and trillions of critters.  

世界は暖かく快適で ほとんどの土地は深緑におおわれ

Dinosaurs were ubiquitous and had diversified  into hundreds of species of all shapes and sizes.  

多様な木、花、シダ そして何兆もの生物が存在していた

Titanosaurs, large gentle giants shared the  world with famous beasts like Tyrannosaurus rex  

恐竜はどこにでもいて 形や大きさの多様な数百種に分かれていた

or Edmontosaurus. Pectinodon hunted  in the undergrowth while Edmontosaurus  

穏やかで巨大なティタノサウルスは、 ティラノサウルスやエドモントサウルスと共存しており

wandered coastlines and swamps. An ancient  paradise, a world of plenty, full of life.

66 million years ago, maybe on a Tuesday  afternoon, life was the same as it had  

エドモントサウルスは 海岸線や沼地をうろついた

been the day before or a thousand years before  or pretty much a million years before. Things  

古代の楽園、豊かで生命に満ちた世界

were good for our feathered dinosaur buddies.  Until a tiny, tiny detail in the sky changed.

6600万年前、それは火曜日の午後だったかも

If there were dinosaurs watching the stars, one  night they may have noticed the appearance of a  

暮らしは昨日と変わらず それは1000年前、100万年前も同じだった

new star. A tiny dot, that for many weeks slowly  became bigger and brighter. Until one fateful day,  

羽毛恐竜たちにもいい世界だった 空に小さな小さな変化が起きるまでは

it looked like another, small moon in the  night sky. And then it faded from sight as  

恐竜が空を見つめていたなら ある夜、新たな星の出現に気づいたかも

it dipped into earth's shadow. For a few more  hours the illusion of continuity was upheld.

小さな点が数週にわたり 大きく、明るくなっていった

Until it was not anymore. In the morning  the object suddenly appears again.  

ある時点までは、夜空にうかぶ もう一つの小さな月に見えただろう

Now almost as large as the sun in  the sky and growing every moment,  

そして、地球の影に隠れて見えなくなった

heading for the coast near the  Yucatan Peninsula. It takes the  

その後も数時間は ”永続性”という錯覚が維持された

asteroid only two seconds to pass through  the thin layer between space and the ground  

to make contact. As it enters the atmosphere  at almost 60 times the speed of sound...

朝になると、突然その物体が再来し

もう太陽ほどになり 刻々と大きくなりながら

Here we see the unnamed asteroid  about to commit specicide.  

ユカタン半島付近の 海岸に向かっていた

Larger than Mount Everest,  it reaches from the ocean  

小惑星が成層圏を通過し 地表と接触するまでたったの2秒だ

high into the atmosphere, higher than passenger  planes would fly millions of years later.

音速の60倍近い速度で大気圏に突入し…

At this moment the world was one  way. In a fraction of a second  

it would be fundamentally different.  Let us make the transition.

今、種を絶滅させようとする 名もなき小惑星を見ている

As the asteroid hits the shallow  ocean and the bedrock below  

エベレスト山より大きく 海面から大気圏まで到達するほどで

the energy of billions of nuclear weapons is  released all at once as the asteroid vaporizes.  

数百万年後の旅客機よりも高い

A flash of light illuminates the sky as  an eerie bright white sphere grows over  

この瞬間にはもう、世界が一瞬で 根本的に変わってしまうことは確定していた

the Gulf of Mexico . Bedrock, melts into  seething hot plasma at tens of thousands  

of degrees celsius. The thermal radiation from  the explosion travels at the speed of light and  

小惑星が浅海とその下の岩盤に衝突すると

immediately burns everything within a radius  of about 1500 kilometers. while the energy  

数十億の核兵器に相当するエネルギーが 一気に放出され、小惑星は蒸発する

from the impact pushes so hard against earth's  crust that it loses all strength and flows away  

閃光が空を照らし、不気味な白い球体が メキシコ湾で拡大していく

from the impact site like a liquid, creating a  hole 25 kilometers deep and 100 kilometers wide.  

岩盤は溶け、数万度のプラズマになる

The ocean is pushed back for hundreds of  kilometers, like when a kid jumps into a puddle.

As the crust bounces back, melted and flowing  crust forms a temporary mountain stretching  

半径1500km以内の全てを直ちに焼き尽くた

10 kilometers into the sky.. An incredible amount  of material is blasted into the higher atmosphere  

一方、衝突のエネルギーは 地殻を強く押しこみ

or even out into space, as much as 60  times the original mass of the asteroid.

地殻は強度を失って 液体のように流れ出し

The violence of the strike is felt  everywhere on earth within minutes.  

A magnitude 11 earthquake,, maybe the most  powerful quake any living thing has ever witnessed  

海は何百キロも押し出される 子どもが水たまりに飛び込んだ時のように

in billions of years. It is so insanely strong  that in India it might have shaken gigantic lava  

地殻が跳ね戻ると、溶けて流れた部分が 一時的に高さ10kmの山を形成する

fields and causes volcanic eruptions that  would last for 30,000 years and cover half  

驚くべき量の物質が大気の高層 あるいは宇宙にまで吹き飛ばされ

of the indian subcontinent with lava. Even  on the side of earth opposite the impact,  

その質量は元の小惑星の60倍にもなる

the ground still moved by several meters.  Nobody would sleep through this day.

数分後には地球上のあらゆる場所に衝撃が伝わる

The gigantic explosion crashes against the  atmosphere with unprecedented violence and causes  

a shockwave that reaches speeds of more than  1,000 kilometers per hour near the site of impact,  

おそらく、ここ数十億年で生物が目撃した 最も強力な地震だ

similar to the hyper hurricanes on gas giants like  Neptune. In middle America, basically any soil,  

vegetation or animal is just shredded into  pieces and catapulted thousands of km away.

インドでは巨大な溶岩地帯で 3万年続く噴火を引き起こし

Now the formally displaced oceans return. As  the temporary mountain at the site of impact  

インド亜大陸の半分を 溶岩で覆ったとされる

collapses, a ring of tsunamis as high as one  kilometer, enough to cover all skyscrapers  

地球の裏側でさえ 地面が数メートル動いたという

humans would ever build, heads in all directions.  As they crash into the coasts of the continents  

この日を寝過ごした生物はいなかっただろう

surrounding the impact, they will drown  thousands of kilometers of coastline. 

巨大な爆発は大気圏に 未曾有の暴力性で衝突し

15 hours later some of the waves that  get refracted around South America  

衝突の地点での衝撃派は時速1000kmを超えた

will still tower as much  as 100 meters into the sky.

海王星などのガス惑星に生じる ハイパーハリケーン並みだ

But we still have not talked  about the worst thing yet.

アメリカ中西部では、土も植物も動物も細切れにされ 数千kmも吹き飛ばされた

A lot of the debris yeeted into space will orbit  earth for thousands of years, some hit the moon or  

さて、押し出されていた海が戻ってきた

even Mars. But most of it comes right back. When  things fall through the atmosphere at such speeds  

衝突地点にできていた山が崩れ 高さ1kmの津波の輪が

they get very hot, like hundreds of degrees  hot. And this happens to millions of tons of  

―どんな高層建築よりも高い波が 四方八方に広がっていく

material everywhere. This rapidly heats up the  atmosphere to insane temperatures. We don't know  

衝突地点周辺に津波が達すると 海岸線が数千kmにわたり沈んだだろう

exactly how hot it got or how long this heat  shock lasted but there are two ideas here.

15時間後、南米周辺で屈折した波の一部は

Either the air was heated to hundreds of degrees,  for a few minutes. Or to thousands of degrees, for  

なおも100mの高さにそびえたっていた

around one minute. In any case, the air becomes as  hot as the inside of an industrial oven. How bad  

これでもまだ 最悪の要素には触れていない

the global effects of this were is contested but  if enough heat reached the surface a lot of plants  

宇宙に放出された多数のデブリは 数千年にわたり地球を周回し

and animals would have died very quickly if they  couldn't bury themselves or escape into caves.  

月や火星に衝突するものもあったが

The heat together with raining debris also  may have ignited material on forest floors  

and sparked wildfires as the earth rotated  under the searing hot plume. In a few hours  

高速で大気圏を落下する過程で デブリは数百度にまで熱せられる

massive wildfires were probably burning  around the globe. Some of them may have  

これが数百万トン分 いたるところで起きたのだ

lasted for months and turned earth into a  horrifying hot hell-ish version of itself.

これが大気を異常な温度まで熱した

As the day of the impact draws to an end,  many of the dinosaurs are already dead,  

この時の温度や期間は正確には不明だが 2つの仮説がある

数百度が数分か 数千度が一分程度か

The gigantic plume of vaporized material reaches  the upper atmosphere and spreads around the whole  

いずれにせよ、工業用オーブンの 内側のような高温となった

globe. Together with the soot from the burning  planet and the aerosols generated at impact, the  

この現象が世界に及ぼした影響には 議論があるが

planet sinks into a deep darkness, with only the  remaining raging fires illuminating the scenery.  

地表に十分な熱が届いたなら、土や洞窟に隠れない限り 動植物は速やかに死んだだろう

Whatever plants survive the firstorms  will now be starved for sunlight as global  

デブリの運んだ熱により林床の物質が発火し 山火事が発生したと考えられている

photosynthesis is temporarily shut down. Within  days temperatures crash as much as 25° celsius.

灼熱のプルームの下で 地球が自転するに伴い

The oceans were especially hit hard. The  lack of sunlight killed over 90% of plankton  

数時間後には世界中で 大規模な山火事が発生していただろう

which form the basis of the food web  of marine life. Ultimately this would  

いくつかは数カ月も続き、 地球を地獄じみた暑さにしていたかもしれない

kill off the large marine reptiles and  ammonites that used to dominate the seas.

衝突の日が終わる頃 すでに多くの恐竜が死んでいるが

The biosphere the survivors now find  themselves in is like an alien landscape. Ash,  

debris and the burned remains of  the formerly lush and blooming life  

気化したプルームは大気圏に到達し

cover the ground, the sky is dark and it is cold  and fresh food is scarce, while fungi thrive.  

For months and years the planet will be a hostile  and deadly place. The sudden global winter  

山火事によるススや衝突時に発生したエアロゾルで 地球は闇に閉ざされ

will last for decades. At least 75% of all  species on earth will just vanish from existence.

燃え盛る炎だけが景色を照らしている

And so, as the day ends, the world is  suddenly different. The continuity that  

生き残った植物も日光に飢え 地球上の光合成が一時的に停止する

went on for millions of years is no more. The  Era of the dinosaurs is over. Just like that.

数日後には、気温が25度も低下する

Eventually, from the ashes of the old world,  survivors emerged. Birds that are the direct  

descendents of the dinosaurs and mammals that  would eventually become the dominant animals on  

日光不足により食物連鎖の基礎となる プランクトンの90％以上が死亡した

the planet. Without the Asteroid, who knows  what life on earth would look like today.  

結果として、海を支配していた海洋大型爬虫類や アンモナイトが絶滅してしまう

Without the sudden disruption of dinosaur  continuity, that completely changed the  

生存者が目の当たりにする生物圏は これまでとかけ離れている

planet and all life on it, we might have never  had the opportunity to become what we are today.

灰、瓦礫、みずみずしかった生命の焼け跡が 地面を覆っており

It is not clear how long the Human Era will last.  So far modern humans have been around for 0.1% of  

空は暗く、寒く、新鮮な食物は不足し 一方で菌類が栄えている

the time the dinosaurs were. And in this short  amount of time we've achieved impressive feats,  

数カ月から数年にわたり 地球は劣悪で死に満ちた場所になる

from making the world our own, to reaching  space and splitting the atom. Yet our future  

突如訪れた地球の冬は数十年続いた

and our long-term survival is not a given. If  we are not careful, it could end in an instant,  

少なくとも地球上の全生物種の75％は 存在しなくなった

like the Age of the Dinosaurs  ended. But in contrast to them,  

こうして一日が終わり 世界は突如として別のものになった

we know that our continuity is fragile, even  if it doesn't feel like it. We can be prepared  

数百万年にわたった連続性は もはや途絶えた

and be vigilant and hopeful. If we are lucky,  our journey will go on for a long, long time.

恐竜の時代はこのように 突如として終わったのだ

Speaking of journeys, we want to address something  in the spirit of transparency. Kurzgesagt has  

やがて旧世界の灰の中から生き残りが現れた

changed in the last two years: We've become  more than a youtube channel or animation studio  

恐竜の直系の子孫である鳥類や

字幕リスト動画再生

The Day the Dinosaurs Died – Minute by Minute

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