Inductors, capacitors, and resistors all react differently to AC voltage.

流れる電流の量に影響します。

But, in all three cases, the frequency of the AC current will be exactly equal to the frequency of the voltage.

インダクタ、コンデンサ、抵抗は AC電圧に対してすべて 異なる反応をします。

Let us call the voltage at this point the "Input Voltage".

しかし、3つの場合とも、AC電流の周波数は

This is the voltage that we control.

電圧の周波数と正確に等しくなります。

In the case of an ideal resistor,

この点の電圧を「入力電圧」と呼びましょう。

the current that flows is always proportional to the difference in the voltage values at the two sides of the resistor.

これが私たちが制御する電圧です。

This means that if the only components in our circuits are ideal resistors,

理想的な抵抗の場合、

then the amplitude of the current that flows is independent of the voltage's frequency.

流れる電流は常に

Now, suppose we replace the resistor on the right with a capacitor.

抵抗両端の電圧の差に比例します。

Once the capacitor is charged, both sides of the resistor will have the same voltage, and no current will flow.

つまり、回路内の唯一の部品が理想的な抵抗なら

Current flows only if we change the value of the input voltage.

流れる電流の振幅は

The amount of current that flows depends on the difference in the voltage values of the two sides of the resistor.

電圧の周波数に依存しません。

If we change the value of the input voltage slowly,

さて、右の抵抗をコンデンサに置き換えます。

then the voltage values of the two sides of the resistor will tend to stay at about the same voltage.

コンデンサが充電されると、

This means that only a small amount of current will flow through this circuit at low frequency.

抵抗の両側に同じ電圧がかかり、

At high frequency, a larger amount of current will flow.

電流は流れません。

This is because if we vary the input voltage quickly as shown,

入力電圧を変えたときのみ、電流が流れます。

the capacitor never has enough time to charge, and the voltage across it always stays close to zero.

流れる電流の量は

Having a voltage across the capacitor that is always close to zero

抵抗の両側の電圧値の差に依存します。

allows a larger voltage difference between the two ends of the resistor, allowing more current to flow.

入力電圧の値をゆっくりと変えると、

Since the voltage across the capacitor does not have the ability to change instantaneously,

抵抗の両側の電圧は

the voltage across the capacitor changes after the current changes.

ほぼ同じ電圧のままになる傾向があります。

Let's turn off the input voltage.

これは、低周波数では　わずかな電流が

Now let's replace the capacitor with an inductor.

この回路を流れることを意味します。

An inductor exerts a force preventing the current flowing through it from changing instantaneously.

高周波では、より多くの電流が流れます。

If the input voltage is constant, then the inductor will not exert any forces, and it will therefore not impede the flow of current.

原因は、このように入力電圧をすばやく変えると

If the input voltage changes, the inductor will initially try to keep the current through it at the same value as before.

コンデンサを充電するだけの十分な時間がなく、

After we change the voltage, we need to wait for the current to change.

両端の電圧が常にゼロに近いままになるためです。

After the current changes, the inductor then wants to keep the current at this new value.

コンデンサ両端の電圧が常にゼロに近いと

If we change the input voltage very rapidly as shown, the current will not have enough time to change.

抵抗の両側の電圧差が大きくなり、

This means that only a small amount of current will flow through the inductor at high frequency.

より多くの電流が流れるようになります。

At low frequency, more current will flow.

コンデンサ両端の電圧は

In this sense, an inductor has the opposite behavior of a capacitor.

瞬時に変化する能力がないため、

Also, whereas the voltage across a capacitor can't change instantaneously,

コンデンサ両端の電圧は電流の変化後に変化します。

for an inductor it is the current that can't change instantaneously.

入力電圧をオフにしましょう。

This means that for an inductor, the current changes after the voltage changes.

さて、コンデンサをインダクタに置き換えます。

The frequency of the input voltage is only one of the factors that determines how much the inductor will impede the flow of current.

インダクタは

Another factor is the amount of inductance the inductor has.

流れる電流が瞬時に変化するのを防ぎます。

If the inductor has a higher inductance, then a smaller amount of AC current will flow through it.

入力電圧が一定の場合、

This is because with a higher inductance,

インダクタは力を発揮せず、

the inductor will exert a greater force trying to keep the current flowing through it constant.

それゆえ電流の流れを妨げません。

In this example, even though we have a low frequency,

入力電圧が変化すると、インダクタは最初に

we still have a small amount of AC current flowing due to the fact that the value of the inductance is high.

入力電圧を以前と同じ値に維持しようとします。

Increasing the capacitance of a capacitor has the opposite effect of increasing the inductance of an inductor.

電圧を変えた後、

If a capacitor has a higher capacitance, then a larger amount of AC current will flow through it.

電流が変化するのを待つ必要があります。

This is due to the fact that with a higher capacitance, the capacitor charges and discharges more slowly.

電流が変わった後、インダクタは

Therefore, in this case, the voltage across the capacitor stays close to zero,

電流をこの新しい値のまま保とうとします。

thereby allowing a larger difference in voltage to develop at the two ends of the resistor,

このように入力電圧を急速に変化させると、

thereby allowing more current to flow.

電流が変わるだけの十分な時間がありません。