Name: 大型ハドロン衝突型加速器がブラックホールを作ったら？ (What If the Large Hadron Collider Made a Black Hole?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:57:56.000Z
Duration: 11 min 7 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

In 2008, there was a lot of excitement when the Large Hadron Collider

基礎受動態

(the LHC) was first turned on in Switzerland.

The particle accelerator was the largest ever made,

representing decades of work by thousands of people, and it promised

to unravel some of the deepest mysteries of the universe.

In fact, they were afraid, because they worried the LHC

would make a black hole and destroy the Earth.

The fears were the result of some bad science reporting,

and the LHC was never going to do that… but there was actually

After all, there are some theoretical physicists who believed

It would just be a sub-microscopic one that would

But while the accelerator hasn't found any of these micro black holes yet,

it's still thought that maybe the next generation

of particle accelerators will be able to.

And if they can, that would provide evidence for some

fascinating ideas in theoretical physics.

We're talking about stuff like extra spatial dimensions.

The foundation of this idea is that black holes aren't just things

out in space; they're a natural consequence of Einstein's theory

The theory tells us that matter warps the fabric of spacetime,

and that the more matter there is in a region of space,

the more it warps its surroundings and draws nearby objects closer.

If there's a lot of matter stuffed into a very small volume,

then space becomes so warped that it becomes impossible

to move away from the matter if you get too close.

That is a black hole. And while they usually form

when huge stars collapse, they can technically form

any time there's enough matter in a small area —

so it's possible to get some really tiny ones.

Weirdly enough, though, making a tiny black hole

doesn't involve something really heavy, but something really light.

And that's where the Large Hadron Collider comes in.

In many of its experiments, the LHC smashes extremely light particles,

Like, “just a hair short of the speed of light” fast.

That allows us to learn all kinds of things about what happens

Like, we've seen some brand-new particles emerge from these collisions.

But the important thing to know here is that those super-fast protons

And that's a big deal when it comes to black holes.

See, we almost always talk about black holes forming

But in the high-energy collisions of the LHC, mass and energy

That's the point of Einstein's famous “E equals m c-squared.”

It says that mass is proportional to energy.

So, theoretically, if you get some super-fast-moving particles

really close together, then the energy of all that motion

in one place can act like a lot of mass and be enough

The problem is… with our current understanding of physics,

To make the lightest possible black hole, the particles

would each need about 10 quintillion electron volts of energy.

And while the LHC is good — it can get particles up to

14 trillion electron volts — it's not that good.

But! There's a reason some physicists are still thinking

These calculations all assume that there are no problems

And, well, we already know the theory has problems.

I mean, it is very good and it makes lots of good predictions,

but technically, it also predicts it should be possible

If infinities start popping up in your physics results,

you know you probably pushed your theory past its limits.

So, what is likely happening is that general relativity

is only approximately true, and there's a more correct theory

That theory would produce different results when you have

a lot of energy in a really small space, which would solve

Right now, scientists think this new theory will probably be

some sort of quantum gravity — a combination of quantum mechanics

and relativity. And there are already a few candidates.

But because there is no direct evidence for them yet,

scientists spend a lot of time probing the mathematics

of these theories, looking for predictions they make

And one prediction some of these theories make is that

the space we live in actually has more than three spatial dimensions.

That would mean that in addition to being able to go forwards, up,

and to the side, it'd be possible for things to go in a direction

that's at right angles to all of those directions at once.

If you're having a hard time visualizing that… well, yes.

Because to our eyes, that's clearly not the world we live in.

There is no direction that we can see that's at right angles

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大型ハドロン衝突型加速器がブラックホールを作ったら？ (What If the Large Hadron Collider Made a Black Hole?)

massive

extremely

evidence

matter