Name: イギリス内戦：クラッシュコース ヨーロッパ史 #14 (English Civil War: Crash Course European History #14)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:29:03.000Z
Duration: 14 min 36 s
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Hi I'm John Green and this is Crash Course European History.

And as we saw last week, Absolutism was in the air during the seventeenth century, but

Across the English Channel, King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England

after the death of the childless Elizabeth in 1603, and he found himself thinking, “You

know, I might not agree with everything those French Catholics believe, but they are onto

something when it comes to the Divine Right of kings to have absolute power.”

The inhabitants of the British Isles, however, weren't so sure.

In fact, Protestant reformers were imagining a different idea of government.

[Intro] So, when he inherited the British throne,

James aspired to unite his holdings in Wales, England, Scotland, and Ireland into a more

cohesive whole, but of course those regions, despite their geographic proximity, contain

quite a lot of religious, ethnic, and economic diversity.

Religiously, Calvinists (called Presbyterians in Scotland), Catholics, and Anglicans had

Also, if you've ever been to a Scottish bar and accidentally said how much you're

enjoying your visit to England, you will know that Scottish people are not English.

And then I tried to fill that silence by saying, “well, you have the same money.”

James thought he could solve these problems by taking the title of King of Great Britain--one

He also had his officials institute English laws across all his kingdoms and promote adherence

And he sought to keep the peace among Europe's great families by marrying his son, Charles

to Henrietta Maria, the Catholic sister of France's Louis XIII,

but that only ended up furthering divisions, because Henrietta Maria refused to convert

and became a target for opponents from various factions.

Henrietta Maria's husband, James's son Charles came to the throne in 1625, and he

too firmly believed in the divine right of kings.

He was backed by the nobility and about half of the gentry, or wealthy landowners, below

But other members of the gentry opposed the idea of absolutist monarchical power, including

the other half of the gentry, many less powerful farmers, and much of the merchant classes,

These groups had no titles or ancient claims to land, but they were driving much of Britain's

economy, and they felt the elected English Parliament should have more power.

Because of course, that would mean that they had more power.

In 1628, Charles bowed to that parliamentary strength by agreeing to the Petition of Right,

which said that the King couldn't raise taxes without parliament's permission.

But then he was, like, I think I might have found a loophole, and he basically ghosted

He simply stopped calling parliament back into session, which of course infuriated Parliament

and also felt like a rather blatant absolutist move from a King who'd just agreed to a

Meanwhile, Puritans, who objected to the pomp of Anglicanism with its statues and stained

glass and incense, resisted the archbishop of Canterbury, named William Laud, who was

attempting to bring the Puritans back to Anglican orthodoxy.

Puritan critics were tortured, put into the stocks, whipped, and had their faces mutilated,

as were members of the upper classes who disapproved of the king and his administration.

Then Laud stirred up defiance among the Presbyterians in Scotland, whom he aimed to restore to Anglicanism.

He pushed them to adopt a new version of the Prayer Book of the Anglican Church; and resistance

Young women hurled the new prayer books during religious services and provoked the congregation

In fact, the Presbyterian Scots were eventually so enraged that they invaded England.

In reaction, after more than a decade of refusing to summon Parliament, Charles was like, “oh

uh, Parliament, can you come back, please.

Like many a ruler, Charles I thought that warfare, which he undertook on numerous occasions,

would make Parliament rally around him and allow him to raise taxes.

Instead, the representatives instead responded by removing Laud from power, decreeing that

Parliament must meet at least every three years, and putting additional roadblocks in

When Charles called on soldiers to arrest the members of Parliament who had thwarted

Between 1642 and 1646 those loyal to the king, called Cavaliers, faced off against those

loyal to Parliament, called Roundheads (because of their short haircuts).

Parliamentary forces raised the New Model Army, led by Oliver Cromwell.

And this new army saw opposing religious sects let go of their differences, which allowed

them ultimately to capture Charles I, and then execute him in 1649.

We also have to remember that during these years, the little ice age was taking its toll.

Many people died from famine; furthermore, between 1625 and 1636 the bubonic plague killed

Amid successive bad weather, entire villages disappeared as their inhabitants either died

of illness or starvation, or else abandoned their communities in search of food.

And all of this enhanced the resistance and criticism of those who found it impossible

to pay more taxes so that Charles could realize his absolutist dreams and fight his wars.

A higher percentage of Britain's population died in this period than during both World

But with the war ended, and Charles defeated, England was now a republic, although not quite

like contemporary Republics, since it was ruled by the increasingly dictatorial Oliver

Although come to think of it, that does make it like some contemporary republics.

Cromwell was still the head of the New Model Army.

But without a shared enemy in the King, all those varying sects and religious factions

went back to squabbling with each other until Cromwell wiped out those in the New Model

Army who objected to the policies of his Puritan regime.

Cromwell's army crushed the Catholics in Ireland, whom it was suspected favored a restored

monarchy, but even so, Cromwell could not keep his army or government unified, despite

building a very impressive network of spies.

In 1658, after less than a decade in power, Cromwell died, and as Civil War once more

seemed inevitable, in 1660, Parliament summoned Charles II to the throne.

字幕リスト動画再生

イギリス内戦：クラッシュコースヨーロッパ史 #14 (English Civil War: Crash Course European History #14)

eventually

intelligence

scene

claim

イギリス内戦：クラッシュコース ヨーロッパ史 #14 (English Civil War: Crash Course European History #14)

eventually

intelligence

scene

claim

イギリス内戦：クラッシュコースヨーロッパ史 #14 (English Civil War: Crash Course European History #14)