字幕表 動画を再生する 英語字幕をプリント Hey, it's me Destin, welcome back to Smarter Every Day. We've all heard about solar eclipses, right? and you're probably aware that there's a huge one coming very soon so, you think about how to prepare and you're thinking, maybe I gotta get some special goggles so that when I'm looking up at the sky and I see the moon come across I don't hurt my eyes so I can see totality by looking directly at the sun or something like that, right? It's actually far more complicated and far more beautiful than that. There are very specific moments that happen during a solar eclipse That if you're prepared for 'em, down to the second, you can see really neat things that you didn't know about before. So, today on Smarter Every Day, there's this hyper-meticulous guy in my hometown. when I say meticulous, just look at what he does for a living Anyway, this guy has chased eclipses all over the world--eclipsees, I don't know, Anyway, this guy is like, having a meeting right now, with all his buddies They're going to plan, down to the second, where they're going to be. So they can see these individual events, not just totality, but there's other stuff that happens. Anyway, let's go bust up in here And let's figure how to scientifically watch an eclipse. Let's go. Can I bust up your meeting and ask you a question ? Yes, sir. This is Dr.Gordon Tulipan. He's a well-respected plastic surgeon by day known for great attention to detail. So why are you guys here listening to this guy? *Laughter* 'Cause he's the man? I'm here because he's known as an eclipse fanatic. He's travelled the world to film eclipses And he's even been invited to give talks at NASA. At the meeting, I told Dr. Tulipan I wanted to go to my son's baseball game so he agreed to meet with me the following day in his conference room. By the way, my oldest son found his baseball swing this year and I love to watch him play. I came back the next day for a one-on-one eclipse study session with Dr.Tulipan. I got a good show for you. DESTIN>> So I guess your ultimate goal is to prepare people for this eclipse GORDON>> and to inspire them not to miss it. This eclipse is going to be a once in a lifetime thing for a lot of people. People are not going to travel all over the world to go to eclipses like I do. It's a wonderful thing to have an eclipse in your country you can drive to, and when I show you the world map of the eclipses that are going to happen in the next twenty years, you'll understand how difficult it is to get to a total solar eclipse with you son. He started with the basics. He first explained how magical it is that our Moon and Sun are almost exactly the same size in the sky even though they're very different celestial bodies. The Moon orbits the Earth in an ellipse. This means as it gets closer to us, it looks bigger and as it gets further away from us, it looks smaller. The really cool thing about this is that at the smaller size, it doesn't quite cover the Sun. But at the largest size, it does. This means that there's two major types of eclipses. An anular eclipse occurs when the Moon doesn't totally block out the Sun. It looks like a bright glowing solar disk poking from behind the Moon. When the Moon is larger, it does block out the Sun. This of course is a total eclipse. Eclipses are few and far between but only a few hitting each continent over the course of several decades. The red curves here show annular eclipses where the Moon is smaller than the Sun. So as you can imagine the total eclipses which are shown here in blue are extra special sweet. If one of these is in the country where you live, you really need to figure out how to drive to it. These narrow bands where the eclipse Moon shadow moves over the ground is called the totality plane. You have to be within the band to see a total eclipse, but it's not just ok to be within the band, You goal should be to get to the very centre of the band. At the edges, the totality only lasts a few seconds. But down in the centre, it can last for several minutes. Gordon explained that the most important thing about wherever you're watching the eclipse from is called the contact times. C1, or Contact Time 1, is the exact instant when the lunar disk touches the solar disk in the sky. The Moon then continues to move accros the Sun for quite some time. This can usually take over an hour. Then, C2 happens. C2 is the exact second when the lunar disk covers the Sun. C3 is the moment that the Sun pokes out from behind the Moon again. It then traverses for probably an hour or so and then C4 happens. C4 is the exact moment that the Moon quits covering the Sun at all. GORDON>> What I'm telling people to do is not to miss the partial phase phenomenon which are the other things that happen before totality. You're surroundings change. The temperature changes, the lighting changes, the animals get confused because they think that nighttime is falling, and if you're really lucky, you'll get to see shadow bands, and shadow bands don't happen at every eclipse and they don't happen at every observing area. DESTIN>> What are shadow bands ? GORDON>> It bends the light and causes motions of serpentine shadows accros the ground that look like thousands of snakes crawling in unison... DESTIN>> Shut up ! GORDON>>... in parallel going away from you DESTIN>> This is bull. GORDON>> and to the side. DESTIN>> There's no way that happens. GORDON>> It's unbelievable. I saw them in 2002. DESTIN>> No ! GORDON>> Absolutely. DESTIN>> You're saying... You're saying it's gonna... it might... look like snakes crawling on the ground ? GORDON>> Very thin cause they're little ground shadows and the way I perceive them is, picture thousands of parallel snakes, going like this going away from you and to one of the sides depending on... DESTIN>> WHAT ??? Snakes ? I thought an eclipse was like, you know, I'm gonna look at the... NO ! It's about shadow bands for me now. Here's the deal, in 1842, this guys was like "it was so striking that children were running around trying to grab those things with their hands". This is a real phenomenon. I've looked it up, and scientists do not know what causes it. They have like a ton of theories. They don't know. To me, it sounds like an optical interference thing. But they don't know. And not a good video on the internet. There's some videos but it such a low contrast event that nobody has ever captured it really well. So the obvious question, for Mr Solar-Eclipse-Expert, is how do we get a good video of shadow bands ? How do we capture it ? When does it happen ? DESTIN>> Just before C2 ? GORDON>> Just before C2 and just after C3 when the Sun is a slit. It has to be that final little narrow slit otherwise it doesn't work. DESTIN>> How long does it last? GORDON>> For about 20 or 30 seconds. You have to catch it. DESTIN>> So you have to know it's about to happen. GORDON>> Exactly. DESTIN>> I rarely ask people to do things, on SmarterEveryDay videos, but we have to have to catch videos of shadow bands. That has to happen. I think... GORDON>> So the way to do it is setup a video camera on a manual exposure on a kingsize white sheet. DESTIN>> Or light concrete or something GORDON>> Or light concrete. DESTIN>> Ok, the next thing is called the diamond ring. The diamond ring is the part just before C2 where it actually looks like a diamond ring if you're taking a photograph of the Sun. What happens immediately after that is fascinating. It's called Bailey's Beads. Now Bailey's Beads is when the lunar disk is right about to cover the top of the solar disk. What's really cool is that it should be just a really skinny crescent all the way around right? But the fact is the Moon has valleys and mountains. And those start to close over the solar disk and you can see the light coming around those mountains. It's really cool. It's breaking that solar light up into beads. It's called Bailey's Beads. Anyway, you have to know the exact second that happens cause it's such a fast phenomenon you have to be taking photos like at that instant in order to catch it. GORDON>> So in 2001, I programmed, I paid a programmer to program the first eclipse talking timer. This is from 2002, and I still have one that works. DESTIN>> Wow. So you ... So you made this back then. GORDON>> That's right. So there's the original talking timer. DESTIN>> You.. GORDON>> From 2002. DESTIN>> You made this Ok, I don't know what's more impressive : that you made this in 2002 or that you have one of these things that still works. Ok, you know all the words, it's time to plan out the day of the solar eclipse. Step 1: Get to the totality plane, preferably in the centre of the totality plane, at that point, you're gonna wait for the lunar disk to touch the solar disk, that's C1, Game on. At that point, weird stuff starts to go down. The temperature starts to decrease Animals start to freak out cause it's getting dark, they think it's about to be night. All that happens over an extended period of time well over an hour. After that, we're approaching C2 and that's where things get crazy. The three phenomenon that you're gonna look out for. Number one : Shadow Bands. I've already figured out I'm gonna use a big ol' piece of white plastic to try and see the shadow bands. I'm excited about that. The second one : The diamond ring. That's about 5 seconds before C2, immediately after that, if you're a good photographer, you're gonna catch Bailey's Beads. I'm going for it. Okay? Bam ! C2 hits. After C2, that's when you're in totality. You can remove your glasses and you can look directly at the Sun. At that point, somewhere in there is max totality. I'm told to scan the horizon cause it looks like it's a 360° sunrise after that, right before C3, get your glasses back on, because the Sun is about to pop out and you don't want to hurt your eyes. Immediately after C3, first you've got the Bailey's Beads, and then you have the diamond ring, and then, again, if you're lucky, for 60 seconds after that, there's a possibility of Shadow Bands. After that, we're moving towards C4 the temperature is coming back up, everything is going to be awesome except it's going to be over. The cool thing about it is you have to know exactly when it's gonna happen cause you get one shot at seeing all this stuff. Back in the day, you had to send a self-addressed stamped enveloppe to a space bycenter. These are Gordon's. He was like, didn't want to let me borrow them because they're so valuable to him. Anyway, the way it worked, is you've got these solar eclipse bulletins and you had to calculate the exact moment by interpolation when your contact times were for wherever you were on the globe. It was very, very cumbersome. However, we have good news, we live in the age of smartphones and we also have a plastic surgeon in Alabama who decided to create an App so that you can take your phone out, geolocate wherever you are and instantly calculate your contact times for your position. And that's flipping awesome, which is why I asked him if it was real and if it was gonna work and if he could go with me to go to Tennessee where the totality plane exists and test the contact times inside and outside of the totality plane. Remember, you want to get to the centre. I wanted to test his app on the edge. Check it out. Okay, we're in the parking lot of a church in Brentwood, Tennessee. GORDON>> We're.. We're in this sidewalk. DESTIN>> Uh huh. GORDON>> Right here DESTIN>> Yeah GORDON>> So this sidewalk is in totality, that tree over there where that sign is is not in totality. DESTIN>> Okay, so I'm gonna try this. So I got the app here. Solar Eclipse Timer App. So I'm going to get my location GORDON>> Right. DESTIN>> And then... GORDON>> We're in. DESTIN>> That's my location right there, right? Latitude, longitude... GORDON>> And four contact times. DESTIN>> C1, C2, C3, C4. Okay. Load my contact times so I have a 6 seconds duration totality right here. GORDON>> Right. DESTIN>> Does that make sense ? GORDON>> It probably would be a little bit shorter DESTIN>> Somebody's calling me. Alright, a little bit shorter ? GORDON>> Yeah, because we need... DESTIN>> Oh we need to turn that off the day of You don't want people calling you during the... GORDON>> I have that in the instructions DESTIN>> Okay GORDON>> a 15 minutes shut off texting and phone receiving. DESTIN>> Okay. That's a really good point. Okay, so, let's go to where it's not in totality. GORDON>> Right, so we're right here and we were able to pick it up. DESTIN>> Okay, so we should go like, to that tree GORDON>> And we should just get a partial eclipse. DESTIN>> Okay. Let's do it. So seriously, like right here, load my times... get my location... Look at that. I've got C1, and I've got C4 I have no C2 and C3. I'm not in the totality plane. GORDON>> That's correct. DESTIN>> We just walked accros a parking lot and this tells us if we're gonna se the eclipse or not. GORDON>> That's exactly right. DESTIN>> How long have you worked on this ? GORDON>> I've worked on this since last August and I've tested in the parking lot about 6 times prior to today. DESTIN>> Really ? GORDON>> Yes. DESTIN>> Are you excited that it works? GORDON>> I am. DESTIN>> I'm not very impressed Gordon. DESTIN>> So, what's it now here ? GORDON>> Oh, here, now wait. DESTIN>> Solare Eclipse Timer ? GORDON>> Yes. DESTIN>> That's what you get in the AppStore. GORDON>> Now. DESTIN>> I'm trying to sell his app. He's just like so into that. Go ahead. GORDON>> You see this is a 6 and it's actually not. DESTIN>> Okay, I came back into the car to review the footage. The man has spent a lot of his time making this app so that you can watch the eclipse. He's testing it. It's a really big deal so if you want this, you can go to the AppStore and it's Solar Eclipse Timer and it talks to you as the eclipse goes to tell you C1, C2, C3, and C4. It's a pretty big deal. GORDON>> It's 9 seconds over there. DESTIN>> Is it ? GORDON>> Yeah. DESTIN>> Okay. Seriously, this is the best. I love this man. Oh okay, that's so good. Alright. Erm, yeah. There's the Moon. Shoot the gap right there. Alright, I hope you enjoyed this episode of SmarterEveryDay. I'm doing our yearly tradition with my daughter where we go out and we watch fireworks in our kayaks, but I want to say thank you to the sponsor this time which is 23andMe. If you've never heard of 23andMe, the term 23 comes from the fact that we, humans, have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This looks like a good place to backup sweetheart. Now, this is not a sequencing service. This is a genotyping service. Now there's a difference. A genotype is like looking for a word in your DNA sequence that will show you if you're genetically predisposed to certain things. I hear the fireworks. Alright so erm real quick. If you want to do this test, which I highly recommend cause it's really cool, it's pretty simple. You just open the box when they send it to you. There's a little test kit in there. All you have to do is spit in this little thing... I think I can do this right here in the kayak. Yeah, check it out. You take this and you spit in it you fill it up to the line with your spit. and there's a, basically a stabiliser, a liquid stabiliser there you fold it over, you seal it up and mail it off and you get all kinds of information like your ancestry, you get erm.. if you're genetically predisposed to certain health issues. It's a really neat service, so if you wanna check it out, please go to 23andMe.com/smarter and check it out, that will support SmarterEveryDay and it will also help you learn more about your ancestry and your own body. It's pretty cool. And it's time to look at fireworks. Aw, it's pretty cool. If you wanna support SmarterEveryDay, please go to 23andMe.com/smarter and check it out, this is a hilarious finale to a video Okay, I know you're turbo smart, do you ever get the glasses that are proved for direct solar viewing? Because if you get the wrong kind, they can actually open you pupil up more and let harmful UV in, so get the right kind and then do your homework and then you can take them off and look directly at the total solar eclipse. And more importantly, know when to put them back on before the Sun pops back out. And get to see your C3. Thanks again to 23andMe for supporting this episode of SmarterEveryDay and thank you for watching it. I hope you learnt something here because I learned a lot. These are my favourite videos where I don't know what's going on until I just start asking the expert. I love these videos. Anyway, if you enjoyed it, and it added value to your life, please consider subscribing, only if I've earned it. If not, no big deal. Totally get it. It's the internet. Do whatever you want. Also I have some other stuff on SmarterEveryDay2 I've got a little background description on how to use your camera to video the eclipse. Gordon has a thing called the drift method. I'll put that on SmarterEveryDay2, also the conference tape will talk. I'll put that over there too. I really appreciate you and I really want video of shadow bands. Anyway, I'm Destin Getting Smarter Every Day Have a good one.
B1 中級 エクリプス(とシャドー・スネーク)を見る方法 - 賢い毎日 171 (HOW TO WATCH THE ECLIPSE (AND SHADOW SNAKES) - Smarter Every Day 171) 1 0 林宜悉 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日 シェア シェア 保存 報告 動画の中の単語