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  • Hey, it's me Destin, welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

  • We've all heard about solar eclipses, right?

  • and you're probably aware that there's a huge one coming very soon

  • so, you think about how to prepare and you're thinking, maybe I gotta get some special goggles

  • so that when I'm looking up at the sky and I see the moon come across I don't hurt my eyes

  • so I can see totality by looking directly at the sun or something like that, right?

  • It's actually far more complicated and far more beautiful than that.

  • There are very specific moments that happen during a solar eclipse

  • That if you're prepared for 'em, down to the second, you can see really neat things that you didn't know about before.

  • So, today on Smarter Every Day, there's this hyper-meticulous guy in my hometown.

  • when I say meticulous, just look at what he does for a living

  • Anyway, this guy has chased eclipses all over the world--eclipsees, I don't know,

  • Anyway, this guy is like, having a meeting right now, with all his buddies

  • They're going to plan, down to the second, where they're going to be.

  • So they can see these individual events, not just totality, but there's other stuff that happens.

  • Anyway, let's go bust up in here

  • And let's figure how to scientifically watch

  • an eclipse. Let's go.

  • Can I bust up your meeting and ask you a question ?

  • Yes, sir. This is Dr.Gordon Tulipan.

  • He's a well-respected plastic surgeon by day

  • known for great attention to detail.

  • So why are you guys here listening to this guy?

  • *Laughter* 'Cause he's the man?

  • I'm here because he's known as

  • an eclipse fanatic.

  • He's travelled the world to film eclipses

  • And he's even been invited to give talks at NASA.

  • At the meeting, I told Dr. Tulipan

  • I wanted to go to my son's baseball game so

  • he agreed to meet with me the following day

  • in his conference room.

  • By the way, my oldest son found his baseball swing this year

  • and I love to watch him play.

  • I came back the next day for a one-on-one

  • eclipse study session with Dr.Tulipan.

  • I got a good show for you.

  • DESTIN>> So I guess your ultimate goal is to

  • prepare people for this eclipse

  • GORDON>> and to inspire them not to miss it.

  • This eclipse is

  • going to be a once in a lifetime thing for

  • a lot of people. People are not going to travel

  • all over the world to go to eclipses

  • like I do. It's a wonderful thing to have

  • an eclipse in your country

  • you can drive to, and when I show you

  • the world map of the eclipses that

  • are going to happen in the next twenty years,

  • you'll understand how difficult it is

  • to get to a total solar eclipse with you son.

  • He started with the basics. He first explained

  • how magical it is that our Moon and Sun

  • are almost exactly the same size

  • in the sky even though they're very

  • different celestial bodies. The Moon orbits

  • the Earth in an ellipse.

  • This means as it gets closer to us, it looks bigger

  • and as it gets further away from us, it looks smaller.

  • The really cool thing about this is that

  • at the smaller size, it doesn't quite cover the Sun.

  • But at the largest size, it does.

  • This means that there's two major types of

  • eclipses. An anular eclipse

  • occurs when the Moon doesn't totally block out

  • the Sun. It looks like

  • a bright glowing solar disk poking from behind

  • the Moon. When the Moon is larger,

  • it does block out the Sun.

  • This of course is a total eclipse.

  • Eclipses are few and far

  • between but only a few hitting each continent

  • over the course of several decades.

  • The red curves here show annular eclipses

  • where the Moon is smaller than the Sun.

  • So as you can imagine the

  • total eclipses which are shown here in blue

  • are extra special sweet.

  • If one of these is in the country where you live,

  • you really need to figure out how

  • to drive to it. These narrow bands where

  • the eclipse Moon shadow moves over the ground is called the totality plane.

  • You have to be within the band to see

  • a total eclipse, but it's not just ok to be within the band,

  • You goal should be to get to

  • the very centre of the band. At the edges,

  • the totality only lasts a few seconds.

  • But down in the centre, it can last for

  • several minutes. Gordon explained that the most

  • important thing about wherever you're watching the eclipse from

  • is called the contact times.

  • C1, or Contact Time 1,

  • is the exact instant

  • when the lunar disk touches the solar disk

  • in the sky. The Moon then continues

  • to move accros the Sun for quite some time.

  • This can usually take over an hour.

  • Then,

  • C2 happens. C2 is the exact

  • second when the lunar disk

  • covers the Sun.

  • C3 is the moment that the Sun pokes out from behind

  • the Moon again. It then traverses for

  • probably an hour or so and then C4

  • happens.

  • C4 is the exact moment that the Moon quits

  • covering the Sun at all.

  • GORDON>> What I'm telling people to do is

  • not to miss the partial phase phenomenon

  • which are the other things

  • that happen before totality.

  • You're surroundings change.

  • The temperature changes,

  • the lighting changes, the

  • animals get confused because they think

  • that nighttime is falling, and if

  • you're really lucky, you'll get to see

  • shadow bands, and shadow bands don't happen

  • at every eclipse and they don't

  • happen at every observing area.

  • DESTIN>> What are shadow bands ? GORDON>> It bends the

  • light and causes

  • motions of

  • serpentine shadows

  • accros the ground

  • that look like thousands of

  • snakes crawling

  • in unison... DESTIN>> Shut up !

  • GORDON>>... in parallel going away from you DESTIN>> This is bull.

  • GORDON>> and to the side. DESTIN>> There's no way that happens.

  • GORDON>> It's unbelievable. I saw them in 2002.

  • DESTIN>> No ! GORDON>> Absolutely.

  • DESTIN>> You're saying...

  • You're saying it's gonna... it might...

  • look like snakes

  • crawling on the ground ? GORDON>> Very thin

  • cause they're little ground shadows

  • and the way I perceive them

  • is, picture thousands of

  • parallel snakes, going like this

  • going away from you

  • and to one of the sides depending on...

  • DESTIN>> WHAT ??? Snakes ?

  • I thought an eclipse was like, you know,

  • I'm gonna look at the... NO !

  • It's about shadow bands for me now.

  • Here's the deal, in 1842, this guys

  • was like "it was so striking

  • that children were running around trying to

  • grab those things with their hands".

  • This is a real phenomenon.

  • I've looked it up, and scientists

  • do not know what causes it.

  • They have like

  • a ton of theories. They don't know. To me, it sounds like

  • an optical interference thing.

  • But they don't know. And not a good video on

  • the internet. There's some videos

  • but it such a low contrast event

  • that nobody has ever captured it really well.

  • So the obvious question,

  • for Mr Solar-Eclipse-Expert,

  • is how do we get a good

  • video of shadow bands ?

  • How do we capture it ? When does it happen ?

  • DESTIN>> Just before C2 ? GORDON>> Just before C2 and

  • just after C3 when

  • the Sun is a slit. It has

  • to be that final little narrow slit

  • otherwise it doesn't work.

  • DESTIN>> How long does it last?

  • GORDON>> For about 20 or 30 seconds.

  • You have to catch it. DESTIN>> So you have to know

  • it's about to happen. GORDON>> Exactly.

  • DESTIN>> I rarely ask people to do things,

  • on SmarterEveryDay videos, but

  • we have to have to catch videos of shadow bands.

  • That has to happen. I think...

  • GORDON>> So the way to do it is setup

  • a video camera on a manual exposure

  • on a kingsize

  • white sheet.

  • DESTIN>> Or light concrete or something GORDON>> Or light concrete.

  • DESTIN>> Ok, the next thing is called

  • the diamond ring.

  • The diamond ring is the part just before C2

  • where it actually looks like a diamond ring

  • if you're taking a photograph of the Sun.

  • What happens immediately after that

  • is fascinating. It's called Bailey's Beads.

  • Now Bailey's Beads is

  • when the lunar disk is right

  • about to cover the top of

  • the solar disk. What's really cool is that

  • it should be just a really skinny crescent

  • all the way around right?

  • But the fact is the Moon has valleys

  • and mountains.

  • And those start to close over the solar disk

  • and you can see the light coming

  • around those mountains.

  • It's really cool. It's breaking that solar

  • light up into beads.

  • It's called Bailey's Beads. Anyway,

  • you have to know the exact second that

  • happens cause it's such a fast phenomenon

  • you have to be taking photos like at

  • that instant in order to catch it.

  • GORDON>> So in 2001, I

  • programmed, I paid a programmer to

  • program the first eclipse talking timer.

  • This is from 2002, and

  • I still have one that works. DESTIN>> Wow.

  • So you ...

  • So you made this back then.

  • GORDON>> That's right.

  • So there's the original talking timer.

  • DESTIN>> You..

  • GORDON>> From 2002. DESTIN>> You made this

  • Ok, I don't know

  • what's more impressive : that you made this in 2002 or that

  • you have one of these things that still works.

  • Ok, you know all

  • the words, it's time to plan out the day

  • of the solar eclipse.

  • Step 1: Get to the totality plane,

  • preferably in the centre of the totality

  • plane, at that point, you're gonna wait for

  • the lunar disk to touch

  • the solar disk, that's C1,

  • Game on. At that point,

  • weird stuff starts to go down. The temperature starts to decrease

  • Animals start to freak out cause it's getting

  • dark, they think it's about to be night.

  • All that happens over an extended period of time

  • well over an hour. After that,

  • we're approaching C2 and that's

  • where things get crazy. The three phenomenon

  • that you're gonna look out for. Number one :

  • Shadow Bands. I've already figured out

  • I'm gonna use a big ol' piece of white plastic

  • to try and see the

  • shadow bands. I'm excited about that. The second one :

  • The diamond ring. That's about 5 seconds

  • before C2, immediately

  • after that, if you're a good photographer,

  • you're gonna catch Bailey's Beads. I'm going for it.

  • Okay? Bam ! C2 hits.

  • After C2, that's

  • when you're in totality. You can remove your glasses

  • and you can look directly at

  • the Sun. At that point,

  • somewhere in there is max totality.

  • I'm told to scan the horizon cause it looks like it's

  • a 360° sunrise

  • after that, right before C3,

  • get your glasses back on, because

  • the Sun is about to pop out and you don't want to hurt your eyes.

  • Immediately after C3,

  • first you've got the Bailey's Beads,

  • and then you have the diamond ring,

  • and then, again, if you're lucky,

  • for 60 seconds after that, there's a possibility

  • of Shadow Bands.

  • After that, we're moving towards C4

  • the temperature is coming back up, everything

  • is going to be awesome except

  • it's going to be over. The cool thing about it is

  • you have to know exactly when

  • it's gonna happen cause you get one shot

  • at seeing all this stuff. Back in the day,

  • you had to send a self-addressed

  • stamped enveloppe to a space bycenter.

  • These are Gordon's. He was like, didn't want

  • to let me borrow them because they're so valuable to him.

  • Anyway, the way it worked,

  • is you've got these solar eclipse bulletins

  • and you had to calculate the exact

  • moment by interpolation

  • when your contact times were

  • for wherever you were on the globe. It was

  • very, very cumbersome. However,

  • we have good news,

  • we live in the age of

  • smartphones and we also

  • have a plastic surgeon in Alabama

  • who decided to create

  • an App so that you can take your phone out,

  • geolocate wherever you are

  • and instantly calculate

  • your contact times for your position.

  • And that's flipping awesome, which is why I asked him

  • if it was real and if

  • it was gonna work and if he could go with me

  • to go to Tennessee where the totality plane exists

  • and test the contact times

  • inside and outside of the totality

  • plane. Remember, you want to get to the centre.

  • I wanted to test his app on the edge.

  • Check it out. Okay, we're in

  • the parking lot of a church in

  • Brentwood, Tennessee. GORDON>> We're..

  • We're in this sidewalk. DESTIN>> Uh huh.

  • GORDON>> Right here DESTIN>> Yeah

  • GORDON>> So this sidewalk is in totality,

  • that tree over there

  • where that sign is

  • is not in totality. DESTIN>> Okay, so I'm gonna

  • try this. So I got the app

  • here. Solar Eclipse Timer App.

  • So I'm going to get my location

  • GORDON>> Right.

  • DESTIN>> And then... GORDON>> We're in.

  • DESTIN>> That's my location right there, right?

  • Latitude, longitude...

  • GORDON>> And four contact times. DESTIN>> C1, C2, C3,

  • C4. Okay.

  • Load my contact times so I have a

  • 6 seconds duration totality right here.

  • GORDON>> Right. DESTIN>> Does that make sense ?

  • GORDON>> It probably would be a little bit shorter

  • DESTIN>> Somebody's calling me.

  • Alright, a little bit shorter ?

  • GORDON>> Yeah, because we need... DESTIN>> Oh we need to turn that off the day of

  • You don't want people calling you during the...

  • GORDON>> I have that in the instructions

  • DESTIN>> Okay GORDON>> a 15 minutes shut off

  • texting and phone receiving.

  • DESTIN>> Okay. That's a really good point.

  • Okay, so, let's go to where

  • it's not in totality. GORDON>> Right, so we're right here

  • and we were able to pick it up. DESTIN>> Okay, so we should go

  • like, to that tree

  • GORDON>> And we should just get a partial eclipse. DESTIN>> Okay.

  • Let's do it. So seriously, like

  • right here, load my times...

  • get my location...

  • Look at that.

  • I've got C1,

  • and I've got C4

  • I have no C2

  • and C3.

  • I'm not in the totality plane. GORDON>> That's correct.

  • DESTIN>> We just walked accros a parking lot

  • and this

  • tells us if we're gonna se the eclipse or not.

  • GORDON>> That's exactly right. DESTIN>> How long have you worked on this ?

  • GORDON>> I've worked on this since last

  • August and I've tested in the parking lot

  • about 6 times prior to today.

  • DESTIN>> Really ? GORDON>> Yes. DESTIN>> Are you excited that it works?

  • GORDON>> I am. DESTIN>> I'm not very impressed Gordon.

  • DESTIN>> So, what's it now here ? GORDON>> Oh, here, now wait.

  • DESTIN>> Solare Eclipse Timer ? GORDON>> Yes.

  • DESTIN>> That's what you get in the AppStore.

  • GORDON>> Now.

  • DESTIN>> I'm trying to sell his app. He's just like

  • so into that. Go ahead.

  • GORDON>> You see this is a 6 and it's actually not.

  • DESTIN>> Okay, I came back into the car to review

  • the footage.

  • The man has spent a lot of his time

  • making this app so that

  • you can watch the eclipse.

  • He's testing it. It's a really big deal so

  • if you want this, you can go to the AppStore

  • and it's Solar Eclipse Timer and

  • it talks to you as the eclipse

  • goes to tell you C1, C2,

  • C3, and C4.

  • It's a pretty big deal. GORDON>> It's 9 seconds

  • over there. DESTIN>> Is it ? GORDON>> Yeah.

  • DESTIN>> Okay. Seriously, this is the best.

  • I love this man.

  • Oh okay, that's so good. Alright.

  • Erm, yeah.

  • There's the Moon.

  • Shoot the gap right there.

  • Alright, I hope you enjoyed this episode

  • of SmarterEveryDay. I'm doing our yearly

  • tradition with my daughter where we go out and we watch

  • fireworks in our kayaks, but I want

  • to say thank you to the sponsor this time

  • which is 23andMe.

  • If you've never heard of 23andMe,

  • the term 23 comes from the fact that we, humans,

  • have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

  • This looks like a good place to backup sweetheart.

  • Now,

  • this is not a sequencing service.

  • This is a genotyping service. Now there's a difference.

  • A genotype is like looking for a

  • word in your DNA sequence

  • that will show you if you're

  • genetically predisposed to certain things.

  • I hear the fireworks. Alright so erm

  • real quick. If you want to do this test,

  • which I highly recommend cause it's really cool,

  • it's pretty simple. You just open the box when they send it to you.

  • There's a little test kit

  • in there. All you have to do is spit

  • in this little thing... I think I can do this

  • right here in the kayak. Yeah, check it out.

  • You take this and you spit in it

  • you fill it up to the line with your spit.

  • and there's a, basically a stabiliser,

  • a liquid stabiliser there

  • you fold it over, you seal it up and mail it off

  • and you get all kinds of information like your

  • ancestry, you get erm..

  • if you're genetically predisposed to certain

  • health issues. It's a really

  • neat service, so if you wanna check it out,

  • please go to 23andMe.com/smarter

  • and check it out, that will support SmarterEveryDay

  • and it will also help you

  • learn more about your ancestry and

  • your own body. It's pretty cool. And it's time

  • to look at fireworks.

  • Aw, it's pretty cool.

  • If you wanna support SmarterEveryDay, please go to

  • 23andMe.com/smarter

  • and check it out, this is a hilarious finale

  • to a video

  • Okay, I know you're turbo smart, do you ever

  • get the glasses that are proved for direct solar viewing?

  • Because if you get the wrong kind,

  • they can actually open you pupil up more

  • and let harmful UV in, so

  • get the right kind and then do your homework

  • and then you can take them off and look directly at the total solar eclipse.

  • And more importantly, know when to put them back on

  • before the Sun pops back out.

  • And get to see your C3.

  • Thanks again to 23andMe for supporting

  • this episode of SmarterEveryDay and thank you

  • for watching it. I hope you learnt something

  • here because I learned a lot.

  • These are my favourite videos where I don't know what's going on

  • until I just start asking the expert.

  • I love these videos. Anyway,

  • if you enjoyed it, and it added value to

  • your life, please consider subscribing,

  • only if I've earned it. If not, no big deal. Totally get it.

  • It's the internet. Do whatever you want.

  • Also

  • I have some other stuff on SmarterEveryDay2

  • I've got a little background

  • description on how to use

  • your camera to video

  • the eclipse. Gordon has a thing called the drift method. I'll put

  • that on SmarterEveryDay2, also

  • the conference tape will talk. I'll put that over there too.

  • I really appreciate you and I really

  • want video of shadow bands.

  • Anyway, I'm Destin

  • Getting Smarter Every Day

  • Have a good one.

Hey, it's me Destin, welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

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エクリプス(とシャドー・スネーク)を見る方法 - 賢い毎日 171 (HOW TO WATCH THE ECLIPSE (AND SHADOW SNAKES) - Smarter Every Day 171)

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    林宜悉 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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