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  • I think there's a valid concern that maybe we're giving machines too much power. Maybe

  • we don't want machines to be self-aware. In my opinioneverybody should understand that

  • this technology is around the cornerYour children, your grandchildren are going to

  • be living in a world where there are machines  that are on par and possibly exceed human

  • self-awareness and what does that mean? Well have to figure that out. Inside his Creative

  • Machines Lab at Columbia University, Hod Lipson and his students are taking the first steps

  • towards sentient machines. Scattered on shelves and tucked into cubicles, their robot menagerie

  • is probing the biggest philosophical questions that face robotics and AI today. As these

  • deceivingly simple machines squirm and babble, theyre crawling towards a future where

  • machines can autonomously adapt to and understand their surroundings, embarking on a quest to

  • unlock artificial consciousness. Weve been making huge advances in robotics for decades,

  • but engineers investigating these philosophical questions, has not always been a widely supported

  • pursuit. For many years, this whole area of consciousness, self-awareness, sentience,

  • emotions, was taboo. Academia tended to stay away from these grand claims. But I think

  • now we're at a turning point in history of AI where we can suddenly do things that were

  • thought impossible just five years agoWe humans cannot babysit all these incredibly

  • sophisticated systems that we're creating. We need to gift them with this ability to

  • see themselves. To do that, Hod’s lab is taking a unique approach. Instead of trying

  • to understand and replicate something as complicated as human consciousness, theyre looking

  • into something a little simpler: the ability to imagine yourselfor self-simulate. So,

  • the big question is what is self awareness, right? We have a very simple definition, and

  • our definition is that self awareness is nothing but the ability to self simulate. A dog might

  • be able to simulate itself into the afternoon. If it can see itself into the future, it can

  • see itself having its next mealNow if you can simulate yourself, you can imagine yourself

  • into the future, you're self-aware. With that definition, we can build it into machinesThe

  • first idea to use the arm really came about because arms are one of the most common types

  • of robots. And they're also fairly simple. We have the robot start by flailing around.

  • We call this motor babbling. It just moves just like child in a cribAfter moving for one

  • day it collected enough information about its body, to understand the dynamics of its

  • motion, how when it moves, what's going to happen to its position and its ability to

  • move in the future. The team fed all of that data into a deep learning model, allowing

  • the robot to predict its next position based on its previous one. Essentially, it’s using

  • the model it created toimagineits own motion. From there we were able to use

  • this model to plan how to effectively accomplish tasksIn this case the robot is sort of

  • going through a variety of different actions that it could attempt to make. Testing them

  • on the self model and then executing the one which will bring it closest to its goal state.

  • So in this case, the goal state is right where it is right now, on the ball. And then it

  • will move, as its next goal state, to the cup where it will then drop it. It's a little

  • bit tricky, because you look at this robotic arm and you'll see it doing its task and you'll

  • think, "Oh, I could probably program this arm to do this task by myself. It's not a

  • big deal," but you have to remember not only did the robot learn how to do this by itself,

  • but it's particularly important that it learned inside the simulation that it created. To

  • demonstrate the transferability, we made the arm write us a message. We told it to write

  • hi and it wrote hi with no additional training, no additional information needed. We just

  • used our self model and wrote up a new objective for it and it successfully executed. We call

  • that zero-shot learning. We humans are terrific at doing that thing. I can show you a tree

  • you've never climbed before. You look at it, you think a little bit and, bam, you climb

  • the tree. The same thing happens with the robot. The next steps for us are really working

  • towards bigger and more complicated robots. Walking robots are much more of a dynamic

  • and complex system and as such we're actually going to start developing on that robot over

  • thereIt will do the motor babbling and we hope that we can learn a variety of tasks

  • on that the same way that we did on the arm robot. We believe that while this is a small,

  • simple start, by progressively improving the model and the bodies and the capacity of these

  • robots, we can push the border between robot and human to become smaller and smaller with

  • each additional iteration. Every automated system would benefit from being self-aware.

  • Everything from driverless cars to airplanes to smart cities to traffic lights. Imagine

  • that your factory is operating. It's creating, I don't know what, solar panels, and it understands

  • if things are working well. It can foresee a problem on the horizon and it's going to

  • take measures to compensate or recover from that. All of that is incredibly useful no

  • matter what you're doing. But regardless of the benefits, the idea of self-aware machines

  • will inevitably raise concerns. Experts from the likes of Stephen Hawking to Elon Musk

  • have warned about the dangers of advancing AI, cautioning against a future where it progresses

  • to a point beyond human controlTo me, it's very similar to the discovery of fire. You

  • can do a lot of bad things with fire. But, there's no doubt that fire's an incredible

  • technology, changed our civilization forever. So we can try to quench it and say, "Okay,

  • we're not touching this," but I think a much smarter thing to do is to say, "How can we

  • try to use this technology for good and sort of understand its pitfalls. Discovering the

  • ability to build a self-aware machines will change our ability in big ways. It's going

  • to take 10 years, or 50 years, I don't know, but it's going to happen in our lifetimes.

  • And, we have to make sure we understand how to use it properly because the benefits far

  • outweigh the risks if we can handle it.

I think there's a valid concern that maybe we're giving machines too much power. Maybe

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These Self-Aware Robots Are Redefining Consciousness

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    林宜悉 に公開 2020 年 03 月 25 日
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