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  • It's AumSum Time.

    それはAumSum時間です。

  • How do some insects walk on water?

    いくつかの昆虫はどのように水の上を歩きますか?

  • They do not walk.

    彼らは歩かない。

  • They catwalk.

    彼らはキャットウォークします。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • Water has an unusual property.

    水は珍しい性質を持っています。

  • What is that?

    それは何ですか?

  • Each water molecule is attracted by other molecules around it in all directions.

    各水分子は周囲の他の分子によってあらゆる方向に引き寄せられます。

  • But since the molecules at the surface have no molecules above them.

    しかし、表面の分子はその上に分子がありません。

  • They get attracted inward more strongly.

    彼らはより強く内向きに引き付けられます。

  • These inward forces of attraction create surface tension.

    これらの内向きの引力は表面張力を生み出す。

  • Thus, making the surface act like a stretched membrane.

    したがって、表面を延伸膜のように機能させることができます。

  • Now, the weight of insects like water strider and fishing spider is very less.

    今、ウォーターストライダーや釣りクモのような昆虫の重量は非常に少ないです。

  • So, the force that the insects legs exert on the stretched water surface is lesser.

    そのため、昆虫の足が伸びた水面に及ぼす力は小さくなります。

  • Than the surface tension.

    表面張力よりも。

  • Also, as their legs are spread wide apart.

    また、足が大きく広がっているように。

  • Their weight gets further distributed among all the legs.

    彼らの体重はさらに足全体に分散します。

  • Hence, the insects' legs do not sink.

    したがって、昆虫の足は沈みません。

  • And just create dimples on the stretched water membrane.

    そして伸ばした水の膜にディンプルを作成するだけです。

  • Helping it walk on water.

    それが水の上を歩くのを手伝ってください。

  • Nuclear fusion.

    核融合

  • Why is nuclear fusion not used to generate electricity?

    核融合はなぜ発電に使われないのですか?

  • You really want to know the answer to this, right?

    あなたは本当にこれに対する答えを知りたいですね?

  • But wait.

    ちょっと待って。

  • Before answering the question, let us understand what is meant by nuclear fusion.

    質問に答える前に、核融合の意味を理解しましょう。

  • When two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavy nucleus.

    2つの軽い核が結合して重い核を形成するとき。

  • A large amount of energy is released.

    大量のエネルギーが放出されます。

  • This process is called nuclear fusion.

    このプロセスは核融合と呼ばれます。

  • Where does this nuclear fusion take place?

    この核融合はどこで起こりますか?

  • You think that it takes place in a laboratory?

    あなたはそれが実験室で行われると思いますか?

  • No, you are absolutely wrong.

    いいえ、あなたは絶対に間違っています。

  • Nuclear fusion takes place in the sun.

    核融合は太陽の下で起こります。

  • The nuclei of two hydrogen atoms join together to form a heavy nucleus of helium.

    2つの水素原子の核が互いに結合してヘリウムの重い核を形成する。

  • With the release of a large amount of energy.

    大量のエネルギーを放出する。

  • How do you think this energy reaches us?

    このエネルギーが私たちに届くとどう思いますか?

  • No.

    いいえ

  • It does not reach us through power lines.

    それは電力線を通して私達に届かない。

  • Wait, I will tell you.

    ちょっと待ってください

  • The energy released after nuclear fusion reaches us in the form of sunlight.

    核融合後に放出されたエネルギーは日光の形で私たちに届きます。

  • Ultraviolet radiations, heat, etc.

    紫外線、熱など

  • Hey.

    こんにちは。

  • But we are already producing electricity with the help of nuclear fission.

    しかし、私たちはすでに核分裂の助けを借りて発電しています。

  • So, why do we require nuclear fusion?

    では、なぜ核融合が必要なのでしょうか。

  • For this, you need to first understand difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

    そのためには、まず核融合と核分裂の違いを理解する必要があります。

  • As we already know, nuclear fusion is the fusion of two lighter nuclei.

    すでに知っているように、核融合は2つのより軽い原子核の融合です。

  • With the release of a large amount of energy.

    大量のエネルギーを放出する。

  • The exact opposite process happens in nuclear fission.

    正反対のプロセスが核分裂で起こります。

  • Here, a heavier nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.

    ここでは、より重い原子核が2つのより軽い原子核に分裂し、大量のエネルギーを放出します。

  • This process of fission is used in nuclear power plants.

    この核分裂プロセスは原子力発電所で使用されています。

  • Where a heavy nucleus of uranium is split into lighter nuclei.

    ウランの重い原子核がより軽い原子核に分けられるところ。

  • The energy that is released in this is used to generate electricity.

    これで解放されるエネルギーは電気を発生させるのに使用されています。

  • However, there is a major disadvantage of nuclear fission.

    しかし、核分裂には大きな欠点があります。

  • Wondering what it is?

    それは何だろうか?

  • The major disadvantage is that uranium is a radioactive element.

    主な欠点は、ウランが放射性元素であるということです。

  • When uranium undergoes fission, it generates radioactive waste along with energy.

    ウランが核分裂すると、エネルギーとともに放射性廃棄物が発生します。

  • This radioactive waste is very harmful for most lifeforms and the environment.

    この放射性廃棄物は、ほとんどの生命体や環境にとって非常に有害です。

  • Hence, we need to find a clean and safe source of energy to generate electricity.

    したがって、私たちは電気を発生させるためのクリーンで安全なエネルギー源を見つける必要があります。

  • What source would that be?

    それはどのような情報源でしょうか?

  • Would it be nuclear fusion?

    核融合でしょうか。

  • You are right.

    あなたが正しいです。

  • Then why are we not harnessing the energy of nuclear fusion to produce electricity?

    では、なぜ核融合のエネルギーを利用して電力を生産していないのでしょうか。

  • This is because, for nuclear fusion, two conditions are required.

    核融合には2つの条件が必要だからです。

  • They are high pressure and high temperature.

    それらは高圧と高温です。

  • Only when these conditions are met, can the two nuclei travel at very high speeds.

    これらの条件が満たされたときだけ、2つの原子核は非常に高速で移動することができます。

  • Resulting in collision.

    衝突の結果として。

  • On earth, it is extremely difficult to create such high pressure and temperature.

    地球上では、そのような高い圧力と温度を作り出すことは極めて困難です。

  • Even if we are somehow able to create these conditions.

    たとえ私たちがどういうわけかこれらの条件を作り出すことができるとしても。

  • The question is how will we control them?

    問題はそれらをどのように制御するのかということです。

  • As there are many questions unanswered and unsolved.

    未解決で未解決の多くの質問があるので。

  • We have not yet succeeded in using nuclear fusion in the production of electricity.

    私たちは、発電に核融合を使うことにまだ成功していません。

  • Heat.

    熱。

  • Why is a laboratory thermometer not used to check body temperature?

    実験室用体温計が体温のチェックに使用されないのはなぜですか

  • You have got fever.

    あなたは熱を持っています。

  • Why don't you check your body temperature using a thermometer?

    体温計で体温をチェックしてみませんか。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • Please do not use a laboratory thermometer.

    実験室用体温計は使用しないでください。

  • You will not be able to get the correct reading.

    あなたは正しい読みを得ることができないでしょう。

  • Why don't you try another one?

    なぜあなたは別のものを試してみませんか?

  • This is called a clinical thermometer.

    これは体温計と呼ばれます。

  • A clinical thermometer is different from a laboratory thermometer.

    体温計は実験室用体温計とは異なります。

  • Seems like you have made your choice.

    あなたが選択したようです。

  • A clinical thermometer has a kink.

    体温計によじれがあります。

  • When we check our body temperature, the kink present in it prevents the mercury.

    体温をチェックすると、そこにあるよじれが水銀を防ぎます。

  • From falling back down, thus helping the thermometer to hold the temperature recorded by it.

    体温が下がって落ちるのを防ぎ、温度計が記録した温度を保持するのを助けます。

  • And giving us an accurate reading.

    そして正確な読書をしてください。

  • Now, in a laboratory thermometer, this kink is absent.

    現在、実験室用体温計では、このよじれはありません。

  • This is because a laboratory thermometer is meant to measures immediate temperature.

    これは、実験室用体温計が即時の温度を測定するためのものだからです。

  • Hence, after recording our body temperature, until we check it, the mercury will fall.

    したがって、体温を記録した後、それを確認するまで、水銀は低下します。

  • Thus, not giving us an accurate reading.

    したがって、私たちに正確な読みを与えないでください。

  • Ultrasound.

    超音波

  • Why is ultrasound used in sonar?

    超音波はなぜソナーに使われるのですか?

  • Hey.

    こんにちは。

  • Looks like you are searching for a treasure hidden in a sunken ship.

    沈没船に隠された宝を探しているようです。

  • Why don't you use a sonar?

    なぜあなたはソナーを使わないのですか?

  • It will emit ultrasounds and help you locate the ship.

    それは超音波を放射し、あなたが船を見つけるのを助けます。

  • You know what, I have a better idea.

    あなたは何を知っています、私はより良い考えを持っています。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • A music system will make ordinary sound.

    音楽システムは普通の音を作ります。

  • So, it is of no use.

    だから、それは無駄です。

  • Do not fool me.

    バカにするな。

  • I know that the music system is the right choice.

    私は音楽システムが正しい選択であることを知っています。

  • See, you are not able to find the ship.

    なるほど、あなたは船を見つけることができません。

  • Now, will you use a sonar?

    今、あなたはソナーを使いますか?

  • Look, you easily found the ship.

    見て、あなたは簡単に船を見つけました。

  • Do you know how a sonar could locate the sunken ship?

    あなたはどのようにソナーが沈没船を見つけることができるか知っていますか?

  • It was because of ultrasound.

    超音波が原因でした。

  • Ultrasounds are sounds having very high frequencies which start from 20,000 Hertz.

    超音波は、20,000ヘルツから始まる非常に高い周波数の音です。

  • So, is ultrasound used in sonar because of its high frequency?

    それで、超音波はその高周波のためにソナーで使われますか?

  • You are absolutely correct.

    あなたは絶対に正しいです。

  • Due to its high frequency, an ultrasound can penetrate to a greater depth.

    その高い周波数のために、超音波はより深い深さまで貫通することができる。

  • Thus, helping us to locate the depth of the sea, sunken ships, etc.

    このように、私たちが海の深さや沈没船などを見つけるのを手助けします。

  • But, I am not able to hear the ultrasound?

    しかし、私は超音波を聞くことができませんか?

  • It is because human beings can hear sound frequencies from 20 Hertz to 20,000 Hertz.

    それは人間が20ヘルツから20,000ヘルツまでの音の周波数を聞くことができるからです。

  • As ultrasounds have frequencies higher than 20,000 Hertz, we cannot hear them.

    超音波は20,000ヘルツ以上の周波数を持っているので、我々はそれらを聞くことができません。

  • Bad conductors of heat.

    熱の伝導が悪い。

  • Why are two thin blankets warmer than one thick blanket?

    2枚の薄い毛布が1枚の厚い毛布よりも暖かいのはなぜですか?

  • Because two chocolates are better than one.

    2つのチョコレートは1つより良いからです。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • To understand this, we need to first learn about bad conductors of heat.

    これを理解するために、我々は最初に悪い熱伝導体について学ぶ必要があります。

  • Bad conductors of heat are the materials which do not allow heat.

    悪い熱伝導体は、熱を許容しない材料です。

  • To easily flow through them.

    簡単に流れるように。

  • Air, wood and glass are some examples of bad conductors of heat.

    空気、木、ガラスは熱の悪い伝導体の例です。

  • In these examples, is our train conductor included as well?

    これらの例では、私たちの列車の指揮者も含まれていますか?

  • Just listen.

    ただ聞いて。

  • A thick blanket allows much of our body heat to escape into the atmosphere.

    厚い毛布は、体温の大部分を大気中に逃がします。

  • However, when we use two blankets one on top of the other.

    ただし、2枚の毛布を重ねて使用すると。

  • Air gets trapped between them.

    空気はそれらの間に閉じ込められます。

  • This air being a bad conductor of heat, does not allow our body heat.

    この空気は熱の伝導が悪いので、私たちの体を温めることはできません。

  • To easily flow into the atmosphere, thus keeping us warm.

    簡単に大気中に流れ込み、暖かく保ちます。

  • Pathogens.

    病原体

  • Why do we get fever?

    どうして熱が出るのですか?

  • So that we can take a holiday from work.

    私たちは仕事から休暇を取ることができるように。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • Fever is a protective response of our body to fight against pathogens.

    発熱は、病原体と戦うための私たちの体の保護的な反応です。

  • Such as bacteria, viruses and fungi.

    バクテリア、ウイルス、真菌など。

  • These pathogens cause diseases.

    これらの病原体は病気を引き起こします。

  • Hence, when pathogens enter our body, the immune cells such as white blood cells.

    したがって、病原体が私たちの体に入ると、白血球などの免疫細胞が入ります。

  • Produce chemicals called pyrogens which are released into the bloodstream.

    血流中に放出される発熱物質と呼ばれる化学物質を生成します。

  • I thought like movies, they are released in theaters.

    私は映画のように思いました、それらは劇場で放されます。

  • Please, pay attention.

    注目してください。

  • Hypothalamus, which is a small part of our brain, regulates our body temperature.

    私たちの脳のごく一部である視床下部は、私たちの体温を調節します。

  • However, when these pyrogens reach the hypothalamus, it starts to raise our body temperature.

    しかし、これらの発熱物質が視床下部に到達すると、体温が上昇し始めます。

  • Thus, producing fever.

    したがって、発熱します。

  • Now, one of the reasons for producing this fever is that many pathogens.

    今、この熱を発生させる理由の1つはその多くの病原体です。

  • Cannot survive at high temperatures.

    高温では生き残れない。

  • Thus, they die and we remain safe.

    したがって、彼らは死に、私たちは安全なままです。

  • Human tears.

    人間の涙

  • Why do onions make you cry?

    玉ねぎが泣くのはなぜですか。

  • Because they cannot crack a joke.

    彼らは冗談をクラックすることはできませんので。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • Onions consist of amino acid sulfoxides.

    玉ねぎはアミノ酸スルホキシドからなる。

  • When we cut an onion, millions of onions cells rupture.

    玉ねぎを切ると、何百万もの玉ねぎ細胞が破裂します。

  • Releasing the amino acid sulfoxides along with some special enzymes.

    いくつかの特別な酵素と共にアミノ酸スルホキシドを放出する。

  • These special enzymes react with amino acid sulfoxides.

    これらの特別な酵素はアミノ酸スルホキシドと反応します。

  • To form a chemical called Syn-propanethial-S-oxide.

    Syn-propanethial-S-oxideと呼ばれる化学物質を形成する。

  • This chemical is volatile, that is, it easily evaporates at normal temperature.

    この化学物質は揮発性です、すなわちそれは常温で容易に蒸発します。

  • Forming a gas.

    ガスを形成する

  • When this gas reaches our eyes, it reacts with substance that keeps eyes lubricated.

    このガスが私たちの目に届くと、それは目を滑らかに保つ物質と反応します。

  • And forms mild sulfuric acid.

    そして穏やかな硫酸を形成する。

  • What?

    何?

  • An acid in my eyes.

    私の目には酸。

  • Absolutely.

    もちろんです。

  • This sulfuric acid gives us a burning sensation.

    この硫酸は私たちに灼熱感を与えます。

  • Now, in order to wash off this acid, our lacrimal glands produce a disinfecting liquid.

    さて、この酸を洗い流すために、私たちの涙腺は消毒液を作り出します。

  • But when our eyes cannot hold any extra amount of disinfecting liquid.

    しかし私達の目が余分な量の消毒液を保持できないとき。

  • It starts to fall down, making us cry.

    それは倒れ始め、私たちを泣かせます。

  • Joints.

    ジョイント

  • Why do knuckles pop?

    ナックルはなぜポップするのですか?

  • So that when we get bored we can pop them for time pass.

    だから私たちは退屈したときに我々は時間の経過のためにそれらを開くことができるように。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • A knuckle is a joint in the finger where two bones come together or connect.

    ナックルは、2本の骨が一緒になったり接続したりする指の関節です。

  • This joint is filled with a fluid called synovial fluid.

    この関節は滑液と呼ばれる液体で満たされています。

  • Synovial fluid is a viscous fluid containing dissolved gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

    滑液は、酸素や二酸化炭素などの溶存ガスを含む粘性の液体です。

  • When bones move, the synovial fluid prevents them from grinding against each other.

    骨が動くとき、滑液はそれらが互いに対して粉砕するのを防ぎます。

  • It is so amazing.

    とても素晴らしいです。

  • Indeed.

    確かに。

  • When we stretch or bend our finger, the space between the two bones increases.

    指を伸ばしたり曲げたりすると、2つの骨の間のスペースが広がります。

  • This causes the synovial fluid to stretch, thus creating low pressure in it.

    これは滑液を引き伸ばし、それによってその中に低圧を生じさせる。

  • Now, as gases are less soluble at low pressure.

    今、ガスは低圧で溶けにくいです。

  • The dissolved gases in the synovial fluid undissolve.

    滑液中の溶存ガスは溶解しない。

  • Resulting in the formation of a bubble, which we hear as the pop sound.

    結果としてバブルが形成され、それがポップサウンドとして聞こえます。

  • Why do animals' eyes glow in the dark?

    どうして動物の目は暗闇で輝くのですか?

  • Because they have hidden torches.

    彼らはトーチを隠しているからです。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • Wait, I will explain.

    待って、説明します。

  • Our eyes have a layer called retina which is made up of photoreceptors.

    私たちの目には、光受容体で構成された網膜という層があります。

  • When light enters our eyes, it hits the photoreceptors.

    光が私たちの目に入ると、それは光受容体に当たります。

  • Photoreceptors detect light, thus making it possible to see.

    光受容体は光を検出するので、それを見ることを可能にします。

  • However, the light which does not hit the photoreceptors remains undetected.

    しかしながら、光受容体に当たらない光は検出されないままである。

  • Poor undetected light.

    未検出の光が弱い。

  • Now, nocturnal animals like owls, need to see better during the night.

    今、フクロウのような夜行性の動物は夜の間によく見る必要があります。

  • Hence, their eyes have another layer below the retina called tapetum lucidum.

    したがって、彼らの目は網膜の下にtapetum lucidumと呼ばれる別の層を持っています。

  • Now, when light does not hit the photoreceptors, it reaches the tapetum lucidum.

    今、光が光受容体に当たらないとき、それはタペータムのlucidumに到達します。

  • This layer acts like a mirror.

    この層は鏡のように機能します。

  • It reflects light back onto the photoreceptors.

    それは光を受光体に反射して戻します。

  • Thus, giving them a second chance to detect light.

    したがって、彼らに光を検出するための2回目の機会を与えます。

  • Some of this reflected light also comes out of the animal's eyes.

    この反射光の一部は動物の目からも出ています。

  • Thus, making it seem that its eyes are glowing.

    したがって、その目が輝いているように見せます。

  • What happens if a plane is struck by lightning?

    飛行機が落雷に見舞われたらどうなりますか?

  • It will start glowing like a disco ball.

    ディスコボールのように輝き始めます。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • Lightning is a massive flow of charge which carries thousands of volts of electric current.

    雷は数千ボルトの電流を運ぶ大量の電荷の流れです。

  • Thus, it is extremely fatal for living beings.

    したがって、それは生物にとって極めて致命的です。

  • And can damage anything that comes in its way.

    そして、邪魔になるものは何でも損傷する可能性があります。

  • Yes, it is really terrifying.

    はい、それは本当に恐ろしいことです。

  • Now many times, airplanes get caught in a heavy lightning storm.

    何度も、飛行機は激しい雷雨に巻き込まれます。

  • However, airplanes are designed to handle the lightning strikes.

    しかし、飛行機は落雷に対処するように設計されています。

  • The outer skin of most planes is primarily made of aluminum.

    ほとんどの飛行機の表皮は主にアルミニウム製です。

  • Aluminum is a good conductor of electricity.

    アルミニウムは電気の良導体です。

  • When lightning hits the airplane.

    雷が飛行機に当たります。

  • The electric current travels through outer skin of the plane.

    電流は平面の外皮を通って流れる。

  • It does not pass into the airplane.

    飛行機には入りません。

  • Eventually, it exits off through another extremity, such as tail.

    結局、それは尾のような別の四肢を通して出ます。

  • Thus, the airplane and the passengers within remain protected.

    したがって、飛行機とその中の乗客は保護されたままです。

  • Why cannot dogs eat chocolates?

    犬はなぜチョコレートを食べることができないのですか?

  • Because I would love to have all the chocolates for myself.

    私は自分のためにすべてのチョコレートを手に入れたいのです。

  • Alright.

    大丈夫です。

  • Now listen.

    今聞きます。

  • Chocolates and other cocoa products contain a toxic component called theobromine.

    チョコレートや他のカカオ製品はテオブロミンと呼ばれる有毒成分を含んでいます。

  • The darker the chocolate, the more theobromine and the more it is harmful.

    チョコレートが濃いほど、テオブロミンが多くなり、有害になります。

  • But I eat chocolates and I am completely fine.

    しかし、私はチョコレートを食べます、そして、私は完全に元気です。

  • Our body quickly metabolizes the theobromine.

    私たちの体はすぐにテオブロミンを代謝します。

  • Thus, it is not quite harmful for us.

    したがって、それは私たちにとって全く有害ではありません。

  • However, dogs process theobromine much more slowly.

    しかし、犬はテオブロミンをはるかにゆっくりと処理します。

  • So, it stays in their bodies for a longer time, resulting in vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

    それで、それは彼らの体にもっと長い時間とどまり、嘔吐、下痢などをもたらします。

  • Moreover, if large quantities of chocolate are ingested by the dog.

    さらに、大量のチョコレートが犬に摂取された場合。

  • Then the effects can be much more severe.

    その場合、影響はもっと深刻になる可能性があります。

  • The heart rate of dog might beat twice its normal rate, increasing the blood flow.

    犬の心拍数は通常の2倍の心拍数を上回り、血流を増加させることがあります。

  • This can prove to be lethal to the dog.

    これは犬にとって致命的であることを証明することができます。

  • What is sleep paralysis?

    睡眠麻痺とは何ですか?

  • No idea.

    わかりません。

  • Sleep paralysis is a condition in which we are conscious.

    睡眠麻痺は私たちが意識している状態です。

  • But temporarily unable to move or speak.

    しかし一時的に動くことも話すこともできません。

  • It can usually occur when we suddenly wake up during REM sleep.

    通常、レム睡眠中に突然目が覚めたときに起こります。

  • What is REM sleep?

    レム睡眠とは何ですか?

  • Basically, there are four stages of sleep.

    基本的に、睡眠の4段階があります。

  • One of them is Rapid eye movement sleep, that is, REM sleep.

    そのうちの1つは、急速眼球運動睡眠、すなわちレム睡眠です。

  • In this stage, we dream.

    この段階で、私たちは夢を見ます。

  • Researchers suggest that when we enter REM sleep, two chemicals, glycine and GABA.

    研究者らは、我々がレム睡眠に入るとき、2つの化学物質、グリシンとGABAを提案する。

  • Switch off the activity of cells in the brain that allow our muscles to move.

    私達の筋肉が動くことを可能にする脳の細胞の活動を消しなさい。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • This is so bad.

    これはとても悪いです。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • It is actually beneficial because paralyzed muscles.

    筋肉が麻痺しているのでそれは実際に有益です。

  • Prevent us from enacting our dreams in reality and getting hurt.

    私たちの夢を現実のものにしてけがをしないようにしましょう。

  • However, sometimes we suddenly wake up during REM sleep.

    しかし、時々、レム睡眠中に突然目が覚めます。

  • But if glycine and GABA are still active, we are temporarily unable to move.

    しかし、グリシンとGABAがまだ有効であれば、一時的に移動できません。

  • Even though we are conscious.

    私たちは意識的ですが。

  • This is called sleep paralysis.

    これは睡眠麻痺と呼ばれます。

  • Why do newborn babies get jaundice?

    なぜ新生児は黄疸になるのですか?

  • I do not know.

    私は知らない。

  • Each red blood cell in our blood lives for about 120 days.

    私たちの血液中の各赤血球は約120日間生存しています。

  • Once it gets old, it is broken down into smaller components.

    それが古くなると、それは小さなコンポーネントに分割されます。

  • One of them is bilirubin.

    そのうちの一つはビリルビンです。

  • Bilirubin is a yellowish waste compound.

    ビリルビンは黄色がかった老廃物です。

  • Hence, our liver removes the bilirubin from our blood.

    それ故に、私達のレバーは私達の血からビリルビンを取除く。

  • Which is then excreted by the body through intestines.

    それは腸を通して体から排泄されます。

  • However, if bilirubin is not removed, its level in the blood starts to rise.

    しかしながら、ビリルビンが除去されなければ、血中のそのレベルは上昇し始めます。

  • And excess bilirubin begins to get deposited in the body tissues.

    そして余分なビリルビンは体組織に沈着し始めます。

  • As a result, the skin and white areas of eyes appear yellow, thus causing jaundice.

    その結果、目の皮膚と白い部分が黄色くなり、黄疸を引き起こします。

  • Now, a newborn baby's liver is still developing.

    今、新生児の肝臓はまだ発達しています。

  • Thus, it cannot efficiently remove bilirubin from blood, thus causing it jaundice.

    したがって、それは血液からビリルビンを効率的に除去することができず、したがって黄疸を引き起こす。

  • Usually, jaundice is normal in babies and will disappear in some days as baby grows.

    通常、黄疸は乳児では正常であり、赤ちゃんが成長するにつれて数日で消えます。

  • However, if it does not disappear, we should immediately consult a doctor.

    しかし、それが消えない場合は、直ちに医師に相談してください。

  • What is a mirage?

    ミラージュって何?

  • An invisible cloak.

    目に見えないマント。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • Mirage is an illusion in which it appears as if there is water on ground.

    ミラージュは地上に水があるかのように見える錯覚です。

  • On a hot day, the land heats the layers of air closer to it.

    暑い日には、土地は空気層をより近くに加熱します。

  • However, as we move higher, the layers of air get relatively cooler.

    しかし、私たちが高く移動するにつれて、空気の層は比較的冷たくなります。

  • Thus, the hot lower layers of air near the ground form rarer media.

    したがって、地面近くの空気の熱い下層はより稀な媒体を形成する。

  • And cold upper layers form denser media.

    そして寒い上層はより稠密な媒体を形成する。

  • Now, when light coming from sky travels from denser to rarer media.

    さて、空から来る光がより高密度からより希少なメディアへと進むとき。

  • It bends more and more until it exceeds the critical angle.

    それは臨界角を超えるまでますます曲がる。

  • That is, the angle beyond which light gets reflected.

    つまり、光が反射する角度です。

  • This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.

    この現象は全反射と呼ばれます。

  • When this reflected light reaches our eyes, they trace it backward as a straight line.

    この反射光が私たちの目に届くと、彼らはそれを直線として後方にたどります。

  • Hence, the reflection of blue sky appears on the ground.

    したがって、青い空の反射が地面に現れます。

  • And our brain thinks that there is water, thus causing a mirage.

    そして私たちの脳は水があると考えているので、怒りを引き起こしています。

  • Why do we get eye bags?

    なぜ私たちはアイバッグを手に入れるのですか?

  • It is a sign indicating that we need to take a long holiday.

    長い休暇をとる必要があることを示すサインです。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • One of the main reasons for eye bags is aging.

    アイバッグの主な理由の一つは老化です。

  • As we age, various changes take place in our body.

    私たちが年をとるにつれて、さまざまな変化が私たちの体に起こります。

  • Yes, I get more attractive with age.

    はい、私は年齢とともにより魅力的になります。

  • Now listen.

    今聞きます。

  • Our skin contains collagen and elastin.

    私たちの肌はコラーゲンとエラスチンを含んでいます。

  • They keep our skin firm and elastic.

    彼らは私たちの肌をしっかりと弾力性を保ちます。

  • In addition to this, we have fat tissue surrounding our eyes for cushioning.

    これに加えて、私達はクッションのために私達の目を囲む脂肪組織を持っています。

  • But as we age, our skin produces less collagen and elastin.

    しかし私達が老化するにつれて、私達の皮はより少ないコラーゲンおよびエラスチンを作り出します。

  • Causing our skin to become loose.

    肌がゆるくなる原因となります。

  • Also, the muscles and ligaments that hold fat tissue in place begin to get loose.

    また、脂肪組織を固定している筋肉や靭帯が緩み始めます。

  • And the fat starts dropping down.

    そして、脂肪が落ち始めます。

  • This loose skin and fat make the area around our eyes appear swollen.

    このゆるい肌と脂肪は私たちの目の周りの領域を腫れ上がったように見せます。

  • Giving us eye bags.

    アイバッグをください。

  • Besides this, heredity, salt intake, smoking, etc.

    これ以外に、遺伝、塩分摂取、喫煙など

  • May also contribute to formation of eye bags.

    アイバッグの形成にも寄与する可能性があります。

  • Is gluten bad for you?

    グルテンはあなたにとって悪いですか?

  • Gluten is bad for everybody.

    グルテンはみんなにとって悪いです。

  • As usual, you are wrong.

    いつものように、あなたは間違っています。

  • Gluten is a combination of proteins found in grains like wheat, barley and rye.

    グルテンは、小麦、大麦、ライ麦などの穀物に含まれるタンパク質の組み合わせです。

  • Gluten makes dough sticky and gives pasta its chewiness.

    グルテンは生地を粘着性にし、パスタにその噛み心地を与えます。

  • Now, gluten is not usually harmful.

    今、グルテンは通常有害ではありません。

  • But people having a digestive disorder called celiac disease should not consume gluten.

    しかし、セリアック病と呼ばれる消化器系疾患を抱えている人は、グルテンを摂取してはいけません。

  • But why?

    しかし、なぜ?

  • When people having celiac disease eat gluten, it triggers an autoimmune response.

    セリアック病を患っている人がグルテンを食べると、自己免疫反応が起こります。

  • In this response, the immune cells attack our own body tissues.

    この反応において、免疫細胞は私たち自身の体組織を攻撃します。

  • Damaging the villi present in the small intestine.

    小腸に存在する絨毛を損傷する。

  • Thus, causing inflammation, diarrhea, fatigue, etc.

    したがって、炎症、下痢、疲労などを引き起こします。

  • In addition to this, damaged villi will not be able to absorb the required nutrients.

    これに加えて、損傷を受けた絨毛は必要な栄養素を吸収することができなくなります。

  • Thus, causing weight loss, iron deficiency, etc.

    したがって、体重減少、鉄欠乏などを引き起こします

  • Thus, people suffering from celiac disease.

    このように、セリアック病に苦しんでいる人々。

  • As well as those having gluten related allergies should preferably have a gluten free diet.

    グルテン関連アレルギーを持つものと同様に、グルテンフリーの食事を摂ることが望ましいです。

  • Why are sunsets red?

    なぜ夕日が赤なの?

  • Because sunsets are romantic.

    夕日はロマンチックだからです。

  • No.

    いいえ

  • It is basically because of scattering of light in the atmosphere.

    それは基本的に大気中の光の散乱によるものです。

  • Our atmosphere is primarily composed of tiny nitrogen and oxygen particles.

    私たちの大気は主に小さな窒素と酸素の粒子で構成されています。

  • Now usually, when sunlight comprising of seven colors passes through the atmosphere.

    今では通常、7色からなる太陽光が大気を通過するとき。

  • It hits the nitrogen and oxygen particles.

    それは窒素と酸素の粒子に当たります。

  • These particles scatter blue and violet light more.

    これらの粒子は、青と紫の光をより散乱させます。

  • As compared to red, orange and other colored lights.

    赤、オレンジ、その他の色の光と比較して。

  • Hence, mostly bluish light enters our eyes, thus making the sky to usually appear blue.

    したがって、大部分は青みがかった光が私たちの目に入り、空は通常青いように見えます。

  • However, during sunset, the sunlight must pass through a greater distance.

    しかし、日没時には、日光はもっと遠くを通過しなければなりません。

  • In the earth's atmosphere, causing it to pass through more particles.

    地球の大気中で、より多くの粒子を通過させます。

  • As a result, most of the blue and violet light get scattered before they reach our eyes.

    その結果、青と紫の光の大部分は私たちの目に届く前に散乱します。

  • Due to this, the less scattered light like red or orange reaches our eyes.

    これにより、赤やオレンジのような散乱の少ない光が私たちの目に届きます。

  • Making the sunset appear red.

    夕日を赤く見せる。

  • Are Einstein's gravitational waves real?

    アインシュタインの重力波は本当ですか?

  • No.

    いいえ

  • They are waves created by Titanic.

    それらはタイタニックによって作成された波です。

  • As always, you are wrong.

    いつものように、あなたは間違っています。

  • Gravity is the attractive force with which two objects pull each other.

    重力は2つのオブジェクトが互いに引き合う魅力的な力です。

  • However, Albert Einstein imagined gravity as well as space and time a little differently.

    しかし、アルバートアインシュタインは、重力と空間と時間を少し違った方法で想像しました。

  • His theory of general relativity unified two separate entities space and time.

    一般相対性理論の彼の理論は2つの別々の実体空間と時間を統一した。

  • Into a single entity called spacetime.

    時空という単一のエンティティに。

  • Spacetime can be considered as the fabric of universe.

    時空は宇宙の構造として考えることができます。

  • Now, just like a heavy ball creates a curve or distorts the trampoline.

    今、ちょうど重いボールがカーブを作成するか、またはトランポリンをゆがめるように。

  • Mass of an object creates a curve in spacetime, that is, in the fabric of universe.

    物体の質量は、時空間、つまり宇宙の構造の中に曲線を描きます。

  • According to Einstein, this curve is gravity.

    アインシュタインによると、この曲線は重力です。

  • This trampoline is amazing.

    このトランポリンはすごいですね。

  • First listen.

    まず聞いてください。

  • Just like our hands create ripples in water, moving objects create ripples in spacetime.

    私たちの手が水の中に波紋を作り出すのと同じように、動く物体は時空の中で波紋を作ります。

  • These ripples are termed as gravitational waves.

    これらの波紋は重力波と呼ばれます。

  • Gravitational waves were directly observed for the first time on September 14, 2015.

    2015年9月14日に初めて重力波が直接観測されました。

  • By Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory in the US.

    米国のレーザー干渉計重力天文台で。

  • Why do we love chocolates?

    チョコレートが大好きなのはなぜですか?

  • Chocolate is one of the most craved foods in the world.

    チョコレートは世界で最も切望されている食品の1つです。

  • It just melts in our mouth and tastes so good that.

    それはちょうど私達の口の中で溶けて、そんなに美味しいです。

  • Many of us are ready to eat them at any given time.

    私たちの多くはいつでもそれらを食べる準備ができています。

  • Now, one of the reasons why we love chocolates is because.

    今、私たちがチョコレートを愛する理由の一つはそれが理由です。

  • They contain a substance called anandamide.

    それらはアナンダミドと呼ばれる物質を含んでいます。

  • In Sanskrit, 'Ananda' means 'bliss'.

    サンスクリット語で、「アナンダ」は「至福」を意味します。

  • Now, when we eat chocolates, anandamide present in them.

    さて、私たちがチョコレートを食べるとき、それらの中にアナンダミドが存在します。

  • Binds to special receptors in the brain.

    脳内の特別な受容体に結合します。

  • Giving us bliss and joy, thus making us love chocolates.

    私たちに至福と喜びを与え、こうして私たちはチョコレートを愛するようになります。

  • Some chocolates also contain substances like theobromine.

    一部のチョコレートはテオブロミンのような物質も含みます。

  • It is thought that this theobromine makes our brain produce anandamide by itself.

    このテオブロミンは私たちの脳にそれ自身でアナンダミドを生成させると考えられています。

  • Making sure that we feel blissful after eating chocolates.

    チョコレートを食べた後、私たちが至福を感じるようにする。

  • In addition to this, most types of chocolates contain sugar to make them taste sweet.

    これに加えて、ほとんどの種類のチョコレートはそれらを甘くするために砂糖を含んでいます。

  • Sugar activates the reward system in the brain.

    砂糖は脳内の報酬システムを活性化します。

  • Due to which neurotransmitters like dopamine are released.

    ドーパミンのような神経伝達物質が放出されるため。

  • Dopamine gives us pleasure and makes us feel good.

    ドーパミンは私たちに喜びを与え、私たちは気分を良くさせます。

  • As it makes us feel good, we tend to eat more chocolates to get the same feeling.

    それは私たちが気分を良くするので、私達は同じ気分を得るためにもっとチョコレートを食べる傾向がある。

  • And thus, we get addicted to chocolates.

    したがって、私たちはチョコレートにはまっています。

  • Moreover, whether it is milk chocolate, white chocolate or dark chocolate.

    また、それがミルクチョコレート、ホワイトチョコレートまたはダークチョコレートであるかどうか。

  • There are numerous varieties to choose from.

    から選ぶべき多数の品種があります。

  • Also, there are dry fruits like raisins, almonds, cashew nuts, etc. which we generally like.

    また、レーズン、アーモンド、カシューナッツなどのドライフルーツもあります。

  • When these dry fruits are added to chocolates, the desire to eat chocolates increases.

    これらのドライフルーツをチョコレートに加えると、チョコレートを食べたいという欲求が高まります。

  • Also, according to a study.

    また、研究によると。

  • It is observed that salt suppresses bitterness and increases sweetness.

    塩が苦味を抑え、甘味を増すことが観察されています。

  • Hence, while preparing desserts like chocolate cakes, cookies, brownies, etc.

    したがって、チョコレートケーキ、クッキー、ブラウニーなどのデザートを準備しながら。

  • A little salt is added to them, making the desserts more inviting and tempting.

    小さな塩がそれらに加えられて、デザートをより魅力的で魅力的にします。

  • Thus, we easily get attracted towards them.

    したがって、私たちは彼らに向かって簡単に引き付けられます。

  • How tall can we grow?

    私たちはどのくらいの高さに成長することができますか?

  • I can grow as big as the Eiffel Tower.

    私はエッフェル塔と同じくらい大きく成長することができます。

  • Stop bluffing.

    ブラフをやめる。

  • Height is determined by a number of factors.

    身長は、いくつかの要因によって決まります。

  • One of them is our genes.

    そのうちの一つは私たちの遺伝子です。

  • We inherit our genes from our parents.

    私たちは自分の遺伝子を両親から受け継いでいます。

  • Hence, these genes will make us grow approximately as tall as our parents.

    それゆえ、これらの遺伝子は私達を私達の両親と同じくらいの高さまで成長させるでしょう。

  • In addition to this, factors like nutrition, physical health, hormones, etc.

    これに加えて、栄養、体の健康、ホルモンなどのような要因

  • Also affect our height.

    身長にも影響します。

  • Now, if we grow taller than what we are at present.

    今、私たちが現在いるよりも身長が高くなるとします。

  • Then we will not be able to support our body's structure efficiently.

    そうすれば、私たちの体の構造を効率的にサポートすることはできません。

  • For this, we would require much larger bones.

    そのためには、もっと大きな骨が必要です。

  • Or they need to be made of much stronger material.

    あるいは、もっと強力な素材で作る必要があります。

  • In addition to this, if we were taller, the amount of blood in our body would be more.

    これに加えて、もし私たちの身長が高ければ、私たちの体の中の血液量はもっと多くなるでしょう。

  • Thus, making it hard for the heart to pump so much blood.

    したがって、心臓が大量の血液を送り出すのは困難です。

  • Besides this, the earth's gravity constantly pulls us down.

    これに加えて、地球の重力は絶えず私たちを引き下げます。

  • As a result, it prevents us from getting taller.1 00:00:01,900 --> 00:00:04,740 It's AumSum Time.

    結果として、それは私達が高くなることを防ぎます。

  • How do some insects walk on water?

  • They do not walk.

  • They catwalk.

  • No.

  • Water has an unusual property.

  • What is that?

  • Each water molecule is attracted by other molecules around it in all directions.

  • But since the molecules at the surface have no molecules above them.

  • They get attracted inward more strongly.

  • These inward forces of attraction create surface tension.

  • Thus, making the surface act like a stretched membrane.

  • Now, the weight of insects like water strider and fishing spider is very less.

  • So, the force that the insects legs exert on the stretched water surface is lesser.

  • Than the surface tension.

  • Also, as their legs are spread wide apart.

  • Their weight gets further distributed among all the legs.

  • Hence, the insects' legs do not sink.

  • And just create dimples on the stretched water membrane.

  • Helping it walk on water.

  • Nuclear fusion.

  • Why is nuclear fusion not used to generate electricity?

  • You really want to know the answer to this, right?

  • But wait.

  • Before answering the question, let us understand what is meant by nuclear fusion.

  • When two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavy nucleus.

  • A large amount of energy is released.

  • This process is called nuclear fusion.

  • Where does this nuclear fusion take place?

  • You think that it takes place in a laboratory?

  • No, you are absolutely wrong.

  • Nuclear fusion takes place in the sun.

  • The nuclei of two hydrogen atoms join together to form a heavy nucleus of helium.

  • With the release of a large amount of energy.

  • How do you think this energy reaches us?

  • No.

  • It does not reach us through power lines.

  • Wait, I will tell you.

  • The energy released after nuclear fusion reaches us in the form of sunlight.

  • Ultraviolet radiations, heat, etc.

  • Hey.

  • But we are already producing electricity with the help of nuclear fission.

  • So, why do we require nuclear fusion?

  • For this, you need to first understand difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

  • As we already know, nuclear fusion is the fusion of two lighter nuclei.

  • With the release of a large amount of energy.

  • The exact opposite process happens in nuclear fission.

  • Here, a heavier nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy.

  • This process of fission is used in nuclear power plants.

  • Where a heavy nucleus of uranium is split into lighter nuclei.

  • The energy that is released in this is used to generate electricity.

  • However, there is a major disadvantage of nuclear fission.

  • Wondering what it is?

  • The major disadvantage is that uranium is a radioactive element.

  • When uranium undergoes fission, it generates radioactive waste along with energy.

  • This radioactive waste is very harmful for most lifeforms and the environment.

  • Hence, we need to find a clean and safe source of energy to generate electricity.

  • What source would that be?

  • Would it be nuclear fusion?

  • You are right.

  • Then why are we not harnessing the energy of nuclear fusion to produce electricity?

  • This is because, for nuclear fusion, two conditions are required.

  • They are high pressure and high temperature.

  • Only when these conditions are met, can the two nuclei travel at very high speeds.

  • Resulting in collision.

  • On earth, it is extremely difficult to create such high pressure and temperature.

  • Even if we are somehow able to create these conditions.

  • The question is how will we control them?

  • As there are many questions unanswered and unsolved.

  • We have not yet succeeded in using nuclear fusion in the production of electricity.

  • Heat.

  • Why is a laboratory thermometer not used to check body temperature?

  • You have got fever.

  • Why don't you check your body temperature using a thermometer?

  • No.

  • Please do not use a laboratory thermometer.

  • You will not be able to get the correct reading.

  • Why don't you try another one?

  • This is called a clinical thermometer.

  • A clinical thermometer is different from a laboratory thermometer.

  • Seems like you have made your choice.

  • A clinical thermometer has a kink.

  • When we check our body temperature, the kink present in it prevents the mercury.

  • From falling back down, thus helping the thermometer to hold the temperature recorded by it.

  • And giving us an accurate reading.

  • Now, in a laboratory thermometer, this kink is absent.

  • This is because a laboratory thermometer is meant to measures immediate temperature.

  • Hence, after recording our body temperature, until we check it, the mercury will fall.

  • Thus, not giving us an accurate reading.

  • Ultrasound.

  • Why is ultrasound used in sonar?

  • Hey.

  • Looks like you are searching for a treasure hidden in a sunken ship.

  • Why don't you use a sonar?

  • It will emit ultrasounds and help you locate the ship.

  • You know what, I have a better idea.

  • No.

  • A music system will make ordinary sound.

  • So, it is of no use.

  • Do not fool me.

  • I know that the music system is the right choice.

  • See, you are not able to find the ship.

  • Now, will you use a sonar?

  • Look, you easily found the ship.

  • Do you know how a sonar could locate the sunken ship?

  • It was because of ultrasound.

  • Ultrasounds are sounds having very high frequencies which start from 20,000 Hertz.

  • So, is ultrasound used in sonar because of its high frequency?

  • You are absolutely correct.

  • Due to its high frequency, an ultrasound can penetrate to a greater depth.

  • Thus, helping us to locate the depth of the sea, sunken ships, etc.

  • But, I am not able to hear the ultrasound?

  • It is because human beings can hear sound frequencies from 20 Hertz to 20,000 Hertz.

  • As ultrasounds have frequencies higher than 20,000 Hertz, we cannot hear them.

  • Bad conductors of heat.

  • Why are two thin blankets warmer than one thick blanket?

  • Because two chocolates are better than one.

  • No.

  • To understand this, we need to first learn about bad conductors of heat.

  • Bad conductors of heat are the materials which do not allow heat.

  • To easily flow through them.

  • Air, wood and glass are some examples of bad conductors of heat.

  • In these examples, is our train conductor included as well?

  • Just listen.

  • A thick blanket allows much of our body heat to escape into the atmosphere.

  • However, when we use two blankets one on top of the other.

  • Air gets trapped between them.

  • This air being a bad conductor of heat, does not allow our body heat.

  • To easily flow into the atmosphere, thus keeping us warm.

  • Pathogens.

  • Why do we get fever?

  • So that we can take a holiday from work.

  • No.

  • Fever is a protective response of our body to fight against pathogens.

  • Such as bacteria, viruses and fungi.

  • These pathogens cause diseases.

  • Hence, when pathogens enter our body, the immune cells such as white blood cells.

  • Produce chemicals called pyrogens which are released into the bloodstream.

  • I thought like movies, they are released in theaters.

  • Please, pay attention.

  • Hypothalamus, which is a small part of our brain, regulates our body temperature.

  • However, when these pyrogens reach the hypothalamus, it starts to raise our body temperature.

  • Thus, producing fever.

  • Now, one of the reasons for producing this fever is that many pathogens.

  • Cannot survive at high temperatures.

  • Thus, they die and we remain safe.

  • Human tears.

  • Why do onions make you cry?

  • Because they cannot crack a joke.

  • No.

  • Onions consist of amino acid sulfoxides.

  • When we cut an onion, millions of onions cells rupture.

  • Releasing the amino acid sulfoxides along with some special enzymes.

  • These special enzymes react with amino acid sulfoxides.

  • To form a chemical called Syn-propanethial-S-oxide.

  • This chemical is volatile, that is, it easily evaporates at normal temperature.

  • Forming a gas.

  • When this gas reaches our eyes, it reacts with substance that keeps eyes lubricated.

  • And forms mild sulfuric acid.

  • What?

  • An acid in my eyes.

  • Absolutely.

  • This sulfuric acid gives us a burning sensation.

  • Now, in order to wash off this acid, our lacrimal glands produce a disinfecting liquid.

  • But when our eyes cannot hold any extra amount of disinfecting liquid.

  • It starts to fall down, making us cry.

  • Joints.

  • Why do knuckles pop?

  • So that when we get bored we can pop them for time pass.

  • No.

  • A knuckle is a joint in the finger where two bones come together or connect.

  • This joint is filled with a fluid called synovial fluid.

  • Synovial fluid is a viscous fluid containing dissolved gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

  • When bones move, the synovial fluid prevents them from grinding against each other.

  • It is so amazing.

  • Indeed.

  • When we stretch or bend our finger, the space between the two bones increases.

  • This causes the synovial fluid to stretch, thus creating low pressure in it.

  • Now, as gases are less soluble at low pressure.

  • The dissolved gases in the synovial fluid undissolve.

  • Resulting in the formation of a bubble, which we hear as the pop sound.

  • Why do animals' eyes glow in the dark?

  • Because they have hidden torches.

  • No.

  • Wait, I will explain.

  • Our eyes have a layer called retina which is made up of photoreceptors.

  • When light enters our eyes, it hits the photoreceptors.

  • Photoreceptors detect light, thus making it possible to see.

  • However, the light which does not hit the photoreceptors remains undetected.

  • Poor undetected light.

  • Now, nocturnal animals like owls, need to see better during the night.

  • Hence, their eyes have another layer below the retina called tapetum lucidum.

  • Now, when light does not hit the photoreceptors, it reaches the tapetum lucidum.

  • This layer acts like a mirror.

  • It reflects light back onto the photoreceptors.

  • Thus, giving them a second chance to detect light.

  • Some of this reflected light also comes out of the animal's eyes.

  • Thus, making it seem that its eyes are glowing.

  • What happens if a plane is struck by lightning?

  • It will start glowing like a disco ball.

  • No.

  • Lightning is a massive flow of charge which carries thousands of volts of electric current.

  • Thus, it is extremely fatal for living beings.

  • And can damage anything that comes in its way.

  • Yes, it is really terrifying.

  • Now many times, airplanes get caught in a heavy lightning storm.

  • However, airplanes are designed to handle the lightning strikes.

  • The outer skin of most planes is primarily made of aluminum.

  • Aluminum is a good conductor of electricity.

  • When lightning hits the airplane.

  • The electric current travels through outer skin of the plane.

  • It does not pass into the airplane.

  • Eventually, it exits off through another extremity, such as tail.

  • Thus, the airplane and the passengers within remain protected.

  • Why cannot dogs eat chocolates?

  • Because I would love to have all the chocolates for myself.

  • Alright.

  • Now listen.

  • Chocolates and other cocoa products contain a toxic component called theobromine.

  • The darker the chocolate, the more theobromine and the more it is harmful.

  • But I eat chocolates and I am completely fine.

  • Our body quickly metabolizes the theobromine.

  • Thus, it is not quite harmful for us.

  • However, dogs process theobromine much more slowly.

  • So, it stays in their bodies for a longer time, resulting in vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

  • Moreover, if large quantities of chocolate are ingested by the dog.

  • Then the effects can be much more severe.

  • The heart rate of dog might beat twice its normal rate, increasing the blood flow.

  • This can prove to be lethal to the dog.

  • What is sleep paralysis?

  • No idea.

  • Sleep paralysis is a condition in which we are conscious.

  • But temporarily unable to move or speak.

  • It can usually occur when we suddenly wake up during REM sleep.

  • What is REM sleep?

  • Basically, there are four stages of sleep.

  • One of them is Rapid eye movement sleep, that is, REM sleep.

  • In this stage, we dream.

  • Researchers suggest that when we enter REM sleep, two chemicals, glycine and GABA.

  • Switch off the activity of cells in the brain that allow our muscles to move.

  • No.

  • This is so bad.

  • No.

  • It is actually beneficial because paralyzed muscles.

  • Prevent us from enacting our dreams in reality and getting hurt.

  • However, sometimes we suddenly wake up during REM sleep.

  • But if glycine and GABA are still active, we are temporarily unable to move.

  • Even though we are conscious.

  • This is called sleep paralysis.

  • Why do newborn babies get jaundice?

  • I do not know.

  • Each red blood cell in our blood lives for about 120 days.

  • Once it gets old, it is broken down into smaller components.

  • One of them is bilirubin.

  • Bilirubin is a yellowish waste compound.

  • Hence, our liver removes the bilirubin from our blood.

  • Which is then excreted by the body through intestines.

  • However, if bilirubin is not removed, its level in the blood starts to rise.

  • And excess bilirubin begins to get deposited in the body tissues.

  • As a result, the skin and white areas of eyes appear yellow, thus causing jaundice.

  • Now, a newborn baby's liver is still developing.

  • Thus, it cannot efficiently remove bilirubin from blood, thus causing it jaundice.

  • Usually, jaundice is normal in babies and will disappear in some days as baby grows.

  • However, if it does not disappear, we should immediately consult a doctor.

  • What is a mirage?

  • An invisible cloak.

  • No.

  • Mirage is an illusion in which it appears as if there is water on ground.

  • On a hot day, the land heats the layers of air closer to it.

  • However, as we move higher, the layers of air get relatively cooler.

  • Thus, the hot lower layers of air near the ground form rarer media.

  • And cold upper layers form denser media.

  • Now, when light coming from sky travels from denser to rarer media.

  • It bends more and more until it exceeds the critical angle.

  • That is, the angle beyond which light gets reflected.

  • This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.

  • When this reflected light reaches our eyes, they trace it backward as a straight line.

  • Hence, the reflection of blue sky appears on the ground.

  • And our brain thinks that there is water, thus causing a mirage.

  • Why do we get eye bags?

  • It is a sign indicating that we need to take a long holiday.

  • No.

  • One of the main reasons for eye bags is aging.

  • As we age, various changes take place in our body.

  • Yes, I get more attractive with age.

  • Now listen.

  • Our skin contains collagen and elastin.

  • They keep our skin firm and elastic.

  • In addition to this, we have fat tissue surrounding our eyes for cushioning.

  • But as we age, our skin produces less collagen and elastin.

  • Causing our skin to become loose.

  • Also, the muscles and ligaments that hold fat tissue in place begin to get loose.

  • And the fat starts dropping down.

  • This loose skin and fat make the area around our eyes appear swollen.

  • Giving us eye bags.

  • Besides this, heredity, salt intake, smoking, etc.

  • May also contribute to formation of eye bags.

  • Is gluten bad for you?

  • Gluten is bad for everybody.

  • As usual, you are wrong.

  • Gluten is a combination of proteins found in grains like wheat, barley and rye.

  • Gluten makes dough sticky and gives pasta its chewiness.

  • Now, gluten is not usually harmful.

  • But people having a digestive disorder called celiac disease should not consume gluten.

  • But why?

  • When people having celiac disease eat gluten, it triggers an autoimmune response.

  • In this response, the immune cells attack our own body tissues.

  • Damaging the villi present in the small intestine.

  • Thus, causing inflammation, diarrhea, fatigue, etc.

  • In addition to this, damaged villi will not be able to absorb the required nutrients.

  • Thus, causing weight loss, iron deficiency, etc.

  • Thus, people suffering from celiac disease.

  • As well as those having gluten related allergies should preferably have a gluten free diet.

  • Why are sunsets red?

  • Because sunsets are romantic.

  • No.

  • It is basically because of scattering of light in the atmosphere.

  • Our atmosphere is primarily composed of tiny nitrogen and oxygen particles.

  • Now usually, when sunlight comprising of seven colors passes through the atmosphere.

  • It hits the nitrogen and oxygen particles.

  • These particles scatter blue and violet light more.

  • As compared to red, orange and other colored lights.

  • Hence, mostly bluish light enters our eyes, thus making the sky to usually appear blue.

  • However, during sunset, the sunlight must pass through a greater distance.

  • In the earth's atmosphere, causing it to pass through more particles.

  • As a result, most of the blue and violet light get scattered before they reach our eyes.

  • Due to this, the less scattered light like red or orange reaches our eyes.

  • Making the sunset appear red.

  • Are Einstein's gravitational waves real?

  • No.

  • They are waves created by Titanic.

  • As always, you are wrong.

  • Gravity is the attractive force with which two objects pull each other.

  • However, Albert Einstein imagined gravity as well as space and time a little differently.

  • His theory of general relativity unified two separate entities space and time.

  • Into a single entity called spacetime.

  • Spacetime can be considered as the fabric of universe.

  • Now, just like a heavy ball creates a curve or distorts the trampoline.

  • Mass of an object creates a curve in spacetime, that is, in the fabric of universe.

  • According to Einstein, this curve is gravity.

  • This trampoline is amazing.

  • First listen.

  • Just like our hands create ripples in water, moving objects create ripples in spacetime.

  • These ripples are termed as gravitational waves.

  • Gravitational waves were directly observed for the first time on September 14, 2015.

  • By Laser Interferometer Gravitational Observatory in the US.

  • Why do we love chocolates?

  • Chocolate is one of the most craved foods in the world.

  • It just melts in our mouth and tastes so good that.

  • Many of us are ready to eat them at any given time.

  • Now, one of the reasons why we love chocolates is because.

  • They contain a substance called anandamide.

  • In Sanskrit, 'Ananda' means 'bliss'.

  • Now, when we eat chocolates, anandamide present in them.

  • Binds to special receptors in the brain.

  • Giving us bliss and joy, thus making us love chocolates.

  • Some chocolates also contain substances like theobromine.

  • It is thought that this theobromine makes our brain produce anandamide by itself.

  • Making sure that we feel blissful after eating chocolates.

  • In addition to this, most types of chocolates contain sugar to make them taste sweet.

  • Sugar activates the reward system in the brain.

  • Due to which neurotransmitters like dopamine are released.

  • Dopamine gives us pleasure and makes us feel good.

  • As it makes us feel good, we tend to eat more chocolates to get the same feeling.

  • And thus, we get addicted to chocolates.

  • Moreover, whether it is milk chocolate, white chocolate or dark chocolate.

  • There are numerous varieties to choose from.

  • Also, there are dry fruits like raisins, almonds, cashew nuts, etc. which we generally like.

  • When these dry fruits are added to chocolates, the desire to eat chocolates increases.

  • Also, according to a study.

  • It is observed that salt suppresses bitterness and increases sweetness.

  • Hence, while preparing desserts like chocolate cakes, cookies, brownies, etc.

  • A little salt is added to them, making the desserts more inviting and tempting.

  • Thus, we easily get attracted towards them.

  • How tall can we grow?

  • I can grow as big as the Eiffel Tower.

  • Stop bluffing.

  • Height is determined by a number of factors.

  • One of them is our genes.

  • We inherit our genes from our parents.

  • Hence, these genes will make us grow approximately as tall as our parents.

  • In addition to this, factors like nutrition, physical health, hormones, etc.

  • Also affect our height.

  • Now, if we grow taller than what we are at present.

  • Then we will not be able to support our body's structure efficiently.

  • For this, we would require much larger bones.

  • Or they need to be made of much stronger material.

  • In addition to this, if we were taller, the amount of blood in our body would be more.

  • Thus, making it hard for the heart to pump so much blood.

  • Besides this, the earth's gravity constantly pulls us down.

  • As a result, it prevents us from getting taller.

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それはAumSum時間です。

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