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  • our final keynote speaker needs no introduction to this audience professor

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  • dr. Jana summer a focus was the Greek Minister of Finance in 2015 he's a

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  • leading participants and current debates on the global and European financial

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  • crisis he is an author and professor he's authored the global minutes are

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  • several academic articles on game theory and economics he's a professor of

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  • economic theory at the University of Athens and holds visiting professorships

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  • at the Universities of Texas and Stockholm please please give 'em very

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  • warm welcome to our final keynote speaker of the day mister minister

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  • Yiannis faraha

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  • well thank you so much for one welcome it's one of the beer because basically

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  • is a necessity I'm going to actually argue that this is not a question of

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  • whether we like it or not it will be a major part of any attempt to civilize

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  • capitalism as capitalism is going through a spasm caused by its own

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  • generation of technologies that undermine itself to put it simply in the

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  • 20 century we had the stabilisation and simulation of capitalism through the

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  • rise of social democracy new deeply new deal in the United States democratic

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  • social market developments in Europe unfortunately this social democratic New

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  • Deal paradigm is finished and you can not be devised actual make some comments

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  • on this but first let me let us remind ourselves of what the social-democratic

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  • New Deal tradition tradition is all about

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  • about two things firstly redistribution of income with the wage labor a kind of

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  • insurance for the working class working class ensuring the wedding plus take for

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  • instance the National Insurance Contributions scheme in Britain after

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  • the second world war unemployment insurance in the United States working

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  • wage laborers have faced effectively providing insurance payments to those

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  • out of a job

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  • seeing with health provision pensions those wedding today providing for the

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  • pensions of those who have stopped working so insurance and redistribution

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  • within the working class to put it bluntly the second dimension of course

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  • is redistribution between capital and labor between the rents and labor this

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  • takes the form of minimum wages that are negotiated by the state it's also

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  • process of collective bargaining user usually triangular involving trade

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  • unions employers and the state and of course taxation transfers through the

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  • taxation now this social democratic tradition I made a very big statement a

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  • moment ago today is dead in the water and it is dead in the water or dying in

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  • the water for two reasons for reasons that have to do with two earthquakes

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  • that if he'd our societies on both sides of the Atlantic one is the process of

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  • Finance financialization which created a huge wedge between capital and labor it

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  • created a new form of capital financial ice capital that essentially depleted

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  • the energy of both labor and in depth and he's inexorable financialization Dr

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  • headed comeuppance in 2008 @ ever since you remember after 1991 socialism died

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  • with the collapse of the Soviet Union and then after 2008 capitals date we

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  • have a new regime now I gotta go bankrupt accuracy its rule by the bank

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  • the banks the more bankrupt the bank the greatest capacity to mobilize and you

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  • see economic grants comic value from the rest of society and that's the problem

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  • with Bank of democracy the fact that for six years now we have a cynical massive

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  • transfer of wealth of income of value from production towards the financial

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  • eyes financial sector that the remains insolvent in reality despite this

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  • synagogue the problem with it is that it is created two things firstly

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  • deflationary forces ask anyone working in a sentimental switzerland today or in

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  • the Buddhist monk

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  • on the European Central Bank the Bank of Japan the Bank of England or the Fed

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  • becomes sleep at night because of the the fact that about half of the global

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  • economy now is languishing in negative interest rate that this is a reflection

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  • of the collapse of the Social Democratic New Deal bargain contract if you want

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  • of the twentieth century and that collapse happened in 2008 the world

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  • after 2008 cannot be understood anymore in terms of made sense before 2008 just

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  • like the world after 1929 would not be made sense off in terms that make sense

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  • in the Gold Exchange standard era but I had a 1929 the second reason with the

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  • deflationary process we have now the first blank of the social democratic

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  • tradition is that in the water because the working class can no longer insuring

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  • it

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  • stagnant wages the fact that youngsters are caught up in a dual labor market and

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  • they find it very difficult about Switzerland of course now but I'm

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  • talking about the rest of the developed world so easily successful only because

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  • it's only one of them and nobody else can be like but that's another

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  • discussion the fact remains that the first black the usual as amongst wage

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  • laborers is simply not possible because wage wages have stagnated such an extent

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  • that it is impossible for the wedding last in shorts and a second plant blank

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  • the redistribution between capital and labor is becoming increasingly

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  • impossible for two reasons first the politics that has become quite toxic

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  • just look at what's happening the negotiations between Greece and the

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  • troika within the European Union at the moment in the United States where you've

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  • got a congress be doing at the white house in a white house redoing the

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  • congress this distribution between capital and labor that was part and

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  • parcel of the new deal in social democracy

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  • required political governance Europe and the United States around governor as we

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  • speak at the leak completely on government and so that's the first that

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  • the second half way has to do this is nothing new I'm sure has been discussed

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  • their everyday a glimpse of this discussion

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  • let me put it very bluntly in science fiction terms their eyes of the machines

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  • artificial intelligence will consume very very soon is already doing it all

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  • the repetitive routine work or algorithmic work is going to be replaced

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  • especially the moment machines pass the Turing test and it is impossible for you

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  • and I do understand when we speak to some of the other phone where they were

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  • speaking to him sooner or to human person once we have that women have a

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  • massive displacement effect which for the first time in human history is going

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  • to overwhelm the creation of more job destruction than job creation remember

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  • that the bankrupt agree that they have referred to came at the tail end of a

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  • thirty-year period of replacement or manufacturing jobs in the developing

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  • world with low-wage in a bit of work employment rate swings in Britain

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  • speaker comes from employment rates are quite high in Britain and the white

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  • house in the United States but the bulk of those jobs that were created to leads

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  • to replace the jobs that were lost after 2008 after 1975 and 1983 low-wage jobs

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  • that ones that would be called immediately the moment artificial

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  • intelligence overcomes the test and we are facing a major issue there

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  • to link it with what I was saying before this displacement is going to reinforce

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  • the deflation reprocess the keep our central bankers awake at night because

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  • it will eliminate a significant measure of aggregate demand it will create an

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  • even greater level of income inequality and primarily disparity between savings

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  • in the end is this battle between savings and investment will force the

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  • price of money the rate of interest even below the current low low levels so this

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  • is why I'm saying the basic income is going to be an essential part of a

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  • necessary part of any attempt to stabilize I D and to civilized I don't

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  • need to decide to do I define basic income let me just say that this travel

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  • we are going to have to carry hearts and minds will be an ethical and unethical

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  • under dozen simply putting out of opposition from the heads but also from

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  • opposition from the have nots from such a democrat from leftists from those who

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  • whose own sense of dignity response against naturally the idea of something

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  • this is why it's important to couch facing come as what it is it is the idea

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  • that and allow me to not aided in broadens we are going to overturn the

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  • current narrative on life under capital the current narrative the dominant

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  • paradigm is what that we have private production of wealth which is then

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  • appropriated by the state for social purposes in reality our production

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  • is correct it is often and it is only then privately appropriate unless we

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  • make the shift in an hour we're not going to be able to succeed to convince

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  • even those who will benefit from basic income that it is worthwhile struggling

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  • for it

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  • dagen iPhone and pick it up and it will do you find it

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  • you find a variety of technologies each one of them was created by some

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  • government grant none of them was produced by Apple nothing was refused by

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  • Google none of them were produced with was produced by Facebook they were all

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  • produced bike down some government grant this is what I'm saying about his way

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  • I'm adding to the collective production of wealth which is then privately

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  • appropriated if you start thinking of it that way then it's very easy to start

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  • thinking of basic income as it didn't a dividend of those to the collective that

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  • was responsible for collectively producing the wealth and the gadgets and

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  • a product and the markets because this forced separation using a separation

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  • between the market and the state needs to be dissolved there would have been no

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  • markets if there were no states that we have no capitalism if it was not a state

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  • that would be doable no Google if it was not state and similarly there will be no

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  • state if they were no private entrepreneurs it would be no state is

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  • there were no private firms we need to resolve this false division and we have

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  • to attack the narrative head on basic income is about giving money to the

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  • undeserving it is about giving money to the rich it is about giving money to the

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  • surface the beach bums the ones that we did like the ones that we would not like

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  • to be our children and who if they were true then we will we will be scolding

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  • them so we must not side the track be sidetracked by simply talking about good

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  • people getting money that they deserve

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  • talk about undeserving people

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  • that get money courtesy of the fact that they are members of a society that is

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  • collectively producing wealth and then on top of this we need to add the

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  • narrative of stabilization think about in Europe today in the United States had

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  • a basis income would really help central bankers go to sleep at night it will be

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  • counted inflationary it will be a unique defense against the slow-burning

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  • recessionary impact of 2008

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  • now there are a decent argument against basic

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  • that we must not avoid some of you may say to you yes but they do not need a

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  • basic a basic income well sure but they don't they don't need to have the first

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  • 10,000 Swiss francs they make being tax-exempt either nobody's worried about

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  • that surely we hear being said it's better to target the money that society

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  • has on those who are deserving well yes but you have to think of the other side

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  • of the story due to separate the deserving from the undeserving you need

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  • to bureaucracy whose purpose is doodle at that bureaucracy tends to replicate

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  • itself bureaucrats love to reproduce themselves and to reproduce their power

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  • over society and to do so by creating a stigma attached to those whom they

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  • considered to be undeserving it is very similar to psychiatry the moment he

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  • introduced a three-member Michelle and the story about the madhouse you create

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  • an additive original reason power structure the person who has the

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  • certificate to be this psychiatrist decides Hussain who has the right to be

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  • free citizen

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  • the other argument which i think is also one that needs to be confronted is that

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  • people should have a right to a job not a ride to basic income and ugly should

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  • be promoting work not schloss well I think that there are two points here

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  • that need to be made when physically nothing stops us as a society

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  • century those who are idle why should we have them stuff I know that my kids

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  • where I'd like I would be centering them but they will not be throwing them out

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  • secondly and more importantly there I'd to turn down a job is essential for a

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  • well-functioning labor market and for a civilized society and have that I a

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  • genuine right to turn down a job you must have an alternative and outside

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  • option because desperate beagle

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  • accepted do desperate things I heard somebody here today are you talking

  • 16:28 about

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  • cleaner whose job is not respected whose name is not known I have a story to tell

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  • about that works in a number of universities and I remembered in the old

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  • days where cleaners at work for the university and they were like my boss

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  • they would come into my office and they will they will know my family they would

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  • know about my wife they would not about me that would tell me off that would say

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  • the 8 o'clock at night got your wife what are you doing

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  • yeah and they had a sense of belonging to an institution and being

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  • institutional important and what happened we subcontracted the labor to

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  • firms that hire by night people that are faceless were turned over all the time

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  • but less were not institutionally connected to the place where this is the

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  • University the National Gallery in London and so on and so forth and there

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  • is but why did this process spin out of control it did because the cleaners had

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  • no us outside option no right to say no to the subcontracted contact

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  • now just so that we do not face only the negative arguments let me just before I

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  • conclude that opened this after discussion let me mention what I think

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  • essential aspects from a social perspective not just from a

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  • macroeconomic perspective it is important to state the macroeconomic

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  • case will be stabilizing the financial markets investment of an unlikely but

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  • there are others at the level of the micro and sociological

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  • democracy put forward the idea of a social safety net

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  • remember that well we need to counter this let's have a good for catching you

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  • when you're fully but when you're caught in it some time to get out of them

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  • sometimes very easy to be trumped think of basic income as a foundation set a

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  • floor on which to stand solidly and to be able to reach for the sky

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  • exploitation libertarian economists political ghana's political game that

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  • liberty is a driving force define liberty on in a negative sense in the

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  • sense of the absence of constants of volunteerism if you said yes to some

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  • contract that contract must by definition be free

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  • contract therefore it must be some act of free will

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  • well it's not the Mafia loves to give us options that we can't refuse to make us

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  • offers to choose the fact that we say yes to them doesn't mean that they were

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  • chosen free the fact that the government accepted the terms last summer of the

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  • driver does not mean that was a voluntary transaction to have a three

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  • contract to have a contract that he signed by both sides

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  • presenting and exuding the freedom of both sides each side must have a

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  • capacity to say no I said that before I'm saying this once more in his

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  • innocence freedom in action requires it basic income finally again beyond the

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  • macroeconomic will allow for creative work to replace the kind of routine

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  • algorithmic work which is anyway being displaced by artificial intelligence so

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  • even want to ameliorate for the ill effects of capitalism undermining its

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  • producing gadgets that itself cannot survive then we need to create a system

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  • whereby society stakes a claim to the returns to aggregate capital and this

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  • claim becomes an income stream that goes to everyone I don't see why my children

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  • and your children have an idea trust fund why Paris Hilton has a right to die

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  • a trust fund when nobody else will very few people do singles basis in get basic

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  • income as a trust fund for all of our children to be financed by dividends

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  • from aggregate capital which was after all created collectively thank you

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  • questions so R here

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  • technology and politics do you think is it an unfortunate coincidence or is it

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  • related I had a holistic approach organic of course there is the reason

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  • why we've had the financialization drive of the nineteen eighties nineties and

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  • the thousands which led us to where we are today has a lot to do with

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  • technological change and this technological change now with 3d

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  • printers and machines that can replace human intelligence at the level of the

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  • service sector is going to be in a vicious feedback effect with the effects

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  • of the combustion of financial capital so the answer is utterly interwoven

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  • interconnected interrelate

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  • iraq to be a little bit more radical and that is my question you said the reason

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  • for the existence of a basic income in conditioner basic income is income in

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  • any case it in the context of civilization of today is to do comes

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  • from a collective labor that is organized by state investment in R&D

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  • technologist come from the relationship between the public property in private

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  • property with my dad equality says I think that the new tools to grow their

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  • own technological transformation change the structure is a way your

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  • virtualization reproducing of wells that means a very slogan way we can say that

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  • life itself is put into labor

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  • indisputably the radio but I really be the last sentence to life our life yes

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  • he's put into labor into radio the reason exploitation of life it's sort of

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  • subsection of lives it's gonna be home visit classical substitution between

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  • real former subsection Maxon terms it is a new wave of labor organization

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  • liberalization so I think that the baby is a good cultural shift is it we need

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  • to do is to consider basic income as a sort of a remuneration of productive

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  • life not only part of social security and soul so I think that there is

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  • something that you go behind it affects there is a collective work some more

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  • things it is very useful to stress about this topic just to give golfing to the

  • 24:45

  • geological geophysical I don't see why we disagree I don't see why we disagree

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  • or agree it is better to put it in my daughter to talk in terms of visiting is

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  • a sort of a remuneration thanks to win the way I

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  • I prefer to say is that we eat gives us an opportunity to reconsider the notion

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  • that wealth is privately produced and collectively appropriated when the

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  • reality is exactly the opposite and now with maintenance take Google they have

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  • imposed take all the value creation by users the complete breakdown of the

  • 25:32

  • distinction between consumer and worker so all these corporations are have huge

  • 25:38

  • input from their own customers their customers value and then they are being

  • 25:45

  • turned into father which has been sold to advertisers for vital to return

  • 25:52

  • exchange value to be done directly to these corporations and exclusive users

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  • global corporations especially given that these corporations baby hadn't tax

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  • so basic income is a very simple way of ensuring that those who produce the

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  • valujet a larger share of their thank you very much I have a customer has kind

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  • of been bothering me all day concerning what you called the second earthquake or

  • 26:22

  • the rise of the machines what about those jobs that are not being displayed

  • 26:27

  • by our technological development but kind of evolving parallel to a bike

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  • that's a digital sweatshops in the Philippines or i click working so I feel

  • 26:37

  • like both some kind of myth that technological innovation is gonna

  • 26:42

  • replace everything but isn't there also a job sector in New suck job sector

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  • evolving where humans are you doing rather machining work to train

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  • algorithms to cloak to do Facebook censorship but actually requires Sherman

  • 26:59

  • work but every technological innovation

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  • displaces jobs and create jobs what we're facing now is the first time in

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  • the first moment in history where they was that are are about to be displaced

  • 27:16

  • are far more numerous to the ones that work which are being created in the US

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  • were being created a much much lower level jobs in any more badly immunity to

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  • it than the ones that are being destroyed so yes right here right there

  • 27:39

  • high C celebrates the question of course is tangential to universal PCI in combat

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  • on your experience in government would you think the role of the state should

  • 27:54

  • be in the transition to the each of automation and the digital economy and

  • 28:00

  • how the state tries to reorient e skills agenda at present we have many countries

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  • in Europe apprenticeship and scales agenda which actually embed the

  • 28:11

  • structural weaknesses so how do you think she can perform a rule and

  • 28:16

  • preparing the labor force automation that's a good question I don't I don't

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  • have an answer to these Andrea we certainly need the state to guide the

  • 28:32

  • process of not so much human capital formation but the formation of the body

  • 28:43

  • of difficult knowledge which is necessary to the problem is that we have

  • 28:48

  • an educational system in an apprenticeship system that creates human

  • 28:55

  • capital of a lowbrow right both universities and we are jumping down

  • 29:04

  • education system we are creating incentives for students to study that

  • 29:10

  • which they're not good at and which is going to by the time they graduate will

  • 29:14

  • be relevant anyway for instance by ensuring that they leave universities

  • 29:19

  • with a great amount of debt we are pushing them at the age of 18 19 to make

  • 29:23

  • choices as to what they study on the basis of their own conception of what is

  • 29:27

  • repetitive which firstly doesn't prove to be a look at it and secondly which

  • 29:32

  • forces them to do things that they're not good at and therefore depletes the

  • 29:36

  • overall effect of Education Society regarding apprenticeships I think that

  • 29:46

  • look in britain today even if fantastic apprenticeship system is not going to

  • 29:52

  • work because of the level of investment solo so what jobs with these apprentices

  • 29:56

  • get to say that you know the supply side story that if you could lead to good

  • 30:02

  • advantage is good industries going to move to Britain is at its finest guys

  • 30:07

  • material the level of investment is very low and it's not just in Britain I am

  • 30:13

  • appalled by the statistics of Britain's that in Germany the most successful

  • 30:18

  • European state economy we have the highest level of savings in the history

  • 30:24

  • of Germany and the lowest level of investment since 1945 so unless you have

  • 30:30

  • together and invest in aggregate investment policy and educational

  • 30:36

  • settings and training set said things that are in sync with investment you're

  • 30:44

  • going to fail as a site and

  • 30:54

  • thank you very much a really interesting talk I just want a sort of push you a

  • 30:59

  • little bit further maybe get some reflection cause I completely agree that

  • 31:03

  • being able to say no to a job is a requirement but I also think the next

  • 31:08

  • step needs to be there needs to be some kind of system that helps people figure

  • 31:12

  • out what they want to walk towards what is it you want a self actualized that

  • 31:17

  • was wondering do you have any ideas if we introduce a basic income what other

  • 31:22

  • systems that the state should the state introduced in order to help people

  • 31:25

  • figure out in the process I don't agree with you on this you know i mean I'm not

  • 31:30

  • made

  • 31:33

  • don't confuse me for a statist I don't want to stay to tell me what I should be

  • 31:39

  • aspiring to I don't want the state to Delmas my daughter what you should be

  • 31:44

  • become when she grows up indeed I have very little time for all these

  • 31:50

  • professional orientation schemes whether their state or private you know

  • 31:54

  • especially when they did they take thirteen year olds at school and they

  • 31:58

  • give them these silly surveys and Delhomme you will become an engineer

  • 32:02

  • you'll be able and you're going to be a musician this is all I have a very deep

  • 32:09

  • belief in the capacity of human minds to work things out for themselves if they

  • 32:16

  • don't have to live in terror that is amazing

  • 32:23

  • let's please give a warm thank you

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ヤニス・ヴァルーファキス ベーシックインカムは必要不可欠 (スペイン語字幕版) (Yanis Varoufakis Basic Income is a Necessity (subtitulos espanol))

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    王惟惟 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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