Placeholder Image

字幕表 動画を再生する

  • Grammatical gender is the concept found in about a quarter of the world's languages; that you can sort all nouns into male or female.

    世界中の言語の4分の1くらいに、文法的な性別の概念が存在します

  • Le or la in French. Der, die, or das in German, the das is for neuter.

    そして、この名詞は男性か女性なのかが区別できます。フランス語のLa と leや、ドイツ語のDer, die, と dasなどです。

  • In Zande, which is found in a few countries in Central Africa, there are four grammatical genders: human male, human female, animate, and inanimate.

    -- dasは中性です。ザンデ語、中央アフリカのいくつかの国で話されている言語ですが、

  • There are even occasional languages with even more complicated systems than that.

    そこでは文法的性は4種類もあります:男性(人)、女性(人)、有生、無生です。もっと複雑なシステムで使っている言語もあります。

  • Now, I'm a descriptivist linguist⏤I am not meant to judge whether language features are good or bad; I'm just meant to describe what they do.

    記述言語学者として、ある言語が良いかどうかを批評するべきではなく、

  • But grammatical gender is just such a stupid concept.

    言語の仕組みを述べるべきですが、文法的な性別は本当に

  • I sort of hate myself for saying that, but it is really silly.

    バカな概念です。そんなことを言うのは嫌なんですが、本当にバカだと思います。

  • So, that's a... that's a computer, is it, French? So it's male. All computers are male.

    フランス語のパソコンは男性名詞ですから、パソコンは全部男性です。そして、あっちに瓶があります。フランス語で

  • And that's a bottle, is it French? So it's female? All bottles are female? Really? Should I dress it up in a friggin' pink apron and give it a rolling pin as well?

    これは女性名詞ですから、瓶は全部女性なのでしょうか?なら、瓶を

  • (Descriptivism. Don't judge).

    ピンク色のエプロンを飾り付けて、麺棒つけた方がいいのでしょうか?

  • I'm exaggerating, but I genuinely have tried searching the literature for any advantages of grammatical gender.

    (記述主義者の方、批判しないで。)

  • There's only one vaguely convincing argument, which is that it can help clear up ambiguities and speeds up recognition of words by a small amount.

    ちょっと大げさなのは知ってますけど、文法的な性別の利点が記録してる文献を探してました。

  • Okay. But three-quarters of the world's languages manage just fine without it. And meanwhile, grammatical gender causes a heck of a lot of problems.

    あまり説得力のない主張が1つあります、それは、言葉の曖昧さを

  • First problem: it affects the way you think. When asked to describe a key, German speakers -- who classify key as male -- were likely to associate it with "hard," "heavy" and "jagged".

    はっきりさせ、言葉の認識をより早くできるようになるというのもです、ほんの少しですが。

  • Whereas Spanish speakers -- who classify key as female -- were more likely to say it was "golden," "intricate," and "little". That also says a lot about gender roles in society, but my word, that's something I ain't qualified to talk about.

    ですが、世界の4分の3の言語は文法的な性別がなくても問題なく、逆に、

  • Second problem: it's really clunky. Job adverts in languages with grammatical gender have to either use both terms or a half-assed marker to clarify that they're asking for anyone.

    文法的な性別によって色々な問題が発生します。

  • Which brings me to English. English doesn't have grammatical gender -- it used to, in Old English.

    まず一つ目の問題: あなたの考え方は隠せません。もし鍵について述べてくださいと言われ、ドイツ語を話す人は、

  • We've still got a couple of words like blond and blonde that change depending on gender, but we don't have to worry about having to file everything into one box or another.

    --ドイツ語では鍵は男性名詞なので-- おそらく「硬い」、「重い」と「ぎざぎざの」などの単語を一緒に使うでしょう。

  • But what we do have is the third-person pronouns "he", "she", and "it". And that's a problem.

    もし、スペイン語母語者だったら、-- スペイン語の鍵は雌性ですので--

  • If I want to refer to you, the viewer, I have to use the pronoun "he or she".

    「黄金色の」、「複雑な」と「小さい」が使われる可能性が高いです。文法的性は

  • Which is ludicrous for several reasons: one, it's an unwieldy three syllables, and it sounds awful.

    社会的な男女の固定的概念についてよくわかります、それは、僕が評論できることではありませんが。

  • Two, there are folks who don't fit into, or don't want to declare as, either of those categories, and if that surprises you, you need to get out more.

    そして、第2の問題は:文法的な性別は古臭く、文法的な性別をもつ言語での求人広告は、

  • Since "it" is a bit dehumanising.

    男性女性両方使うか、性別を問わない表示がされています。

  • There's really no suitable pronoun to use.

    英語のことを思い出した。昔の英語は文法的な性別がありましたが、今はもうありません。

  • Except. English does have a solution. And lots of people are using it.

    確かに、英語の中にはまだ文法的な性別が残っており、例えば、男性ではblond、女性では blondですが、e

  • And a lot of old stick-in-the-mud folks hate it. The answer is "they".

    僕たちには、どの言葉はどの属性なのか心配する必要はありません。

  • Facebook is using "they". I signed up to Facebook before they started asking for gender.

  • And I've never actually told them that I'm a guy. So my friends will see "Tom Scott updated their profile picture".

    しかし、英語には: 代名詞の三人称です。「彼」、「彼女」と「これ」は、厄介ですね。

  • And you know what? That sounds absolutely fine to me.

    もし視聴者のことを言いたいなら、「彼と彼女」を使わないといけません。ばかばかしいでしょう。

  • It just seems normal now. It's going to depend on your dialect whether it sounds good to you, but brace yourself, 'cos singular they? It's spreading fast.

    理由は:1つ目、音節が3つつづくため聞こえが悪いということ。そして、2つ目は

  • I bet you didn't even notice.

    ある人達には適用しない、この2つのグループに入りたくないという人です。

  • When I used it in the very first sentence of this video. And it's got history. Even Shakespeare used it.

    これに驚いたあなた、もっと外の世界に触れましょう。「これ」は人間性を感じられないので、

  • Better yet, because "they" sounds natural, it gets around the problem of trying to force invented pronouns into English -- which, let's be honest, has never actually worked.

    中性名詞として使うにはあまり適当ではありません。

  • So there you go. I've gone against my descriptivist training, and said that one linguistic trait is better than another.

    ですが、1つ解決方法があって、使っている人もたくさんいます。それに、

  • And I'm okay with that. Because... some people are "they". Get over it.

    保守的な人たちはこの言い方は嫌っていますが、それは「彼ら」です。

Grammatical gender is the concept found in about a quarter of the world's languages; that you can sort all nouns into male or female.

世界中の言語の4分の1くらいに、文法的な性別の概念が存在します

字幕と単語

ワンタップで英和辞典検索 単語をクリックすると、意味が表示されます