Name: 復興と1876年。クラッシュ・コース アメリカの歴史 #22 (Reconstruction and 1876: Crash Course US History #22)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:27:58.000Z
Duration: 13 min
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Hi, I'm John Green, this is Crash Course
U.S. History and huzzah!

So when you say, “Don't aim at a person,”
that includes myself?

The roller coaster only goes up from here,
my friends.

Mr. Green, Mr. Green, what about the epic
failure of Reconstruction?

Stupid Reconstruction always ruining everything
intro

So after the Civil War ended, the United States
had to reintegrate both a formerly slave population

and a formerly rebellious population back
into the country, which is a challenge that

we might've met, except Abraham Lincoln
was assassinated and we were left with Andrew

“I am the Third Worst President Ever”
Johnson.

I'm sorry, Abe, but you don't get to be
in the show anymore.

So, Lincoln's whole post-war idea was to
facilitate reunion and reconciliation, and

Andrew Johnson's guiding Reconstruction
principle was that the South never had a right

Also, because he was himself a Southerner,
he resented all the elites in the South who

had snubbed him, AND he was also a racist
who didn't think that blacks should have

So between 1865 and 1867, the so-called period
of Presidential Reconstruction, Johnson appointed

provisional governors and ordered them to
call state conventions to establish new all-white

And in their 100% whiteness and oppression
of former slaves, those new governments looked

suspiciously like the old confederate governments
they had replaced.

And what was changing for the former slaves?

Like, Fiske and Howard universities were established,
as well as many primary and secondary schools,

thanks in part to The Freedman's Bureau,
which only lasted until 1870, but had the

power to divide up confiscated and abandoned
confederate land for former slaves.

And this was very important because to most
slaves, land ownership was the key to freedom,

and many felt like they'd been promised
land by the Union Army.

Like, General Sherman's Field Order 15,
promised to distribute land in 40 acre plots

But that didn't happen, either through the
Freedman's Bureau or anywhere else.

Instead, President Johnson ordered all land
returned to its former owners.

So the South remained largely agricultural
with the same people owning the same land,

and in the end, we ended up with sharecropping.

The system of sharecropping replaced slavery
in many places throughout the South.

Landowners would provide housing to the sharecroppers--no,
Thought Bubble, not quite that nice.

There ya go--also tools and seed, and then
the sharecroppers received, get this, a share

of their crop--usually between a third and
a half, with the price for that harvest often

Freed blacks got to control their work, and
plantation owners got a steady workforce that

couldn't easily leave, because they had
little opportunity to save money and make

the big capital investments in, like, land
or tools.

By the late 1860s, poor white farmers were
sharecropping as well--in fact, by the Great

Depression, most sharecroppers were white.

And while sharecropping certainly wasn't
slavery, it did result in a quasi-serfdom

that tied workers to land they didn't own--more
or less the opposite of Jefferson's ideal

So, the Republicans in Congress weren't
happy that this reconstructed south looked

so much like the pre-Civil War south, so they
took the lead in reconstruction after 1867.

Radical Republicans felt the war had been
fought for equal rights and wanted to see

the powers of the national government expanded.

Few were as radical as Thaddeus “Tommy Lee
Jones” Stephens who wanted to take away

land from the Southern planters and give it
to the former slaves, but rank-and-file Republicans

were radical enough to pass the Civil Rights
Bill, which defined persons born in the United

States as citizens and established nationwide
equality before the law regardless of race.

Andrew Johnson immediately vetoed the law,
claiming that trying to protect the rights

of African Americans amounted to discrimination
against white people, which so infuriated

Republicans that Congress did something it
had never done before in all of American history.

They overrode the Presidential veto with a
2/3rds majority and the Civil Rights Act became

So then Congress really had its dander up
and decided to amend the Constitution with

the 14th amendment, which defines citizenship,
guarantees equal protection, and extends the

rights in the Bill of Rights to all the states
(sort of).

The amendment had almost no Democratic support,
but it also didn't need any, because there

were almost no Democrats in Congress on account
of how Congress had refused to seat the representatives

from the “new” all-white governments that
Johnson supported.

And that's how we got the 14th amendment,
arguably the most important in the whole Constitution.

Oh, straight to the mystery document today?

I guess the author of the Mystery Document
and try not to get shocked.

Be it ordained by the police jury of the parish
of St. Landry, That no negro shall be allowed

to pass within the limits of said parish without
special permit in writing from his employer.

. . . Every negro is required to be in the
regular service of some white person, or former

owner, who shall be held responsible for the
conduct of said negro..

. . . No negro shall be permitted to preach,
exhort, or otherwise declaim to congregations

of colored people, without a special permission
in writing from the president of the police

. . .
Gee, Stan, I wonder if the President of the

It is a Black Code, which was basically legal
codes where they just replaced the word “slave”

And this code shows just how unwilling white
governments were to ensure the rights of new,

字幕リスト動画再生

復興と1876年。クラッシュ・コースアメリカの歴史 #22 (Reconstruction and 1876: Crash Course US History #22)

episode

depression

establish

state

復興と1876年。クラッシュ・コース アメリカの歴史 #22 (Reconstruction and 1876: Crash Course US History #22)

episode

depression

establish

state

復興と1876年。クラッシュ・コースアメリカの歴史 #22 (Reconstruction and 1876: Crash Course US History #22)