declared drug abuse public enemy number one,

麻薬が最大の敵だと述べ

starting an unprecedented global campaign, the War on Drugs.

世界規模での麻薬戦争を開始した

Today, the numbers are in.

今日 その結果は

The War on Drugs is a huge failure, with devastating unintended consequences.

ひどい失敗であることが明らかだ

It led to mass incarceration in the US;

囚人の数が増え

to corruption, political destabilization, and violence

腐敗 社会不安

in Latin America, Asia, and Africa;

ラテンアメリカなどでの暴力と

to systemic human rights abuses across the world.

人権侵害を引き起こした

It negatively affected the lives of millions of people.

被害者は数百万人にのぼる

All of this while we waste billions of dollars every year

毎年何億ドルと費やして

only to create and fuel powerful drug cartels

麻薬組織を強化しただけで

while the goal of the War on Drugs seems less achievable than ever:

目立った成果は見当たらない

a world without drugs.

麻薬のない世界は来るのか？

How could this happen?

戦略は麻薬自体をなくすことだった

The core strategy of the War on Drugs is “no drugs, no problems”.

数十年間に渡り

So almost all of the efforts in the last few decades

供給の根絶と売人の逮捕が行われた

have been focused on eradicating the supply of drugs

だがここに需要と供給の概念はない

and incarcerating drug traffickers.

供給だけを減らした場合

But this ignores the most fundamental of market forces,

価格が上がる

supply and demand.

それでも麻薬の場合は売れる

If you reduce the supply of anything without reducing the demand first,

麻薬に値段は関係ないのだ

its price goes up.

麻薬は高くても消費される

This might lower sales for many products, but not for drugs.

その結果 生産意欲が高まり

The drugs market is not price-sensitive.

麻薬産業は拡大していった

Drugs will be consumed no matter what they cost.

もぐら叩き状態だ

So the effect is to encourage production of more drugs and

一つ大きな業者を潰しても

recruitment of more traffickers, which increases availability.

供給は減っていかなかった

This is also known as the balloon effect: even if drug production or

薬品規制が良い例だ

a major supply route is destroyed, the supply for the end user is not reduced.

麻薬の製造を防ぐため

A perfect example of this is crystal meth.

薬品の販売規制が強化されたが

The US Government tried to stop its production

大規模工場は潰れたものの

by strictly regulating the sale of chemicals used to manufacture the drug.

今度は小規模工場が大量に生まれ

This forced big meth producers out of business,

そこでは規制の外の物質が使われた

but the unintended consequences were that thousands of small-scale operations

いくつかの州はこれに対処しようと

started all over the country, mostly in small towns and rural communities,

さらに規制を強化して

using chemicals that weren’t regulated.

小規模工場も潰していった

In response to this, some US states wanted to reduce the supply of home-grown meth

だが供給は変わらなかった

by regulating even more chemicals,

メキシコの業者が参入してきたのだ

which reduced small-scale meth production drastically.

彼らの麻薬は質も良く

But the supply of meth still stayed the same.

密輸もうまかった

Mexican drug cartels immediately took over and opened big production operations.

努力は裏目に出るばかりで

Their meth was even better than it was before,

供給が減ることはなかった

and they had lots of experience in smuggling.

供給を見るだけではダメだ

So all these efforts made meth production more professional,

入手法だけでなく

the drug more potent, while supply wasn’t reduced at all.

需要の方も見る必要がある

You can’t win this war on the supply side.

300億ドルを使って

Not only are drugs widely available, demand unbroken,

アメリカ麻薬取締局が阻止したのは

and some drugs purer than in the past, with a budget of around $30 billion,

国内外の麻薬流通の１％以下だった

the US Drug Enforcement Agency has an efficiency rate of less than 1%

未成年者でも

when it comes to stopping the flow of drugs into the US

簡単に入手できる状況だ

and inside the US.

法律での禁止には抑止効果があるが

For many minors around the world, it’s as easy to get illegal drugs as alcohol.

全体としては社会への損失が大きい

But it doesn’t stop here.

対策が 却って問題を作り出している

Prohibition may prevent a certain amount of people from taking drugs,

例えば 麻薬が強くなる

but in the process it causes huge damage to society as a whole.

その方が収納場所を取らないからだ

Many of the problems we associate with drug use

禁酒法時代には強いお酒が多かった

are actually caused by the war against them.

薬物禁止は世界の殺人件数も増やす

For example, prohibition makes drugs stronger.

麻薬組織は司法に頼れないために

The more potent drugs you can store in as little space as possible,

暴力を使う

the more profit you’ll make.

これが暴力の連鎖を生む

It was the same during alcohol prohibition,

ある推定では 麻薬戦争で

which led to an increased consumption of strong liquor over beer.

25％～75％殺人が増加したという

The prohibition of drugs also led to more violence and murders around the world.

メキシコが特に顕著で

Gangs and cartels have no access to the legal system to settle disputes,

2007年から2014年に

so they use violence.

およそ16万人が殺された

This led to an ever-increasing spiral of brutality.

同じ時期の

According to some estimates, the homicide rate in the US

アフガニスタンとイラクより多い

is 25–75% higher because of the War on Drugs.

麻薬戦争での一番の損失は

And in Mexico, the country on the frontline,

非暴力的使用者の監禁だろう

an estimated 164,000 have been murdered between 2007 and 2014,

麻薬戦争の激しいアメリカは

more people than in the war zones of Afghanistan and Iraq

世界人口の５％の国だが

in the same period, combined.

刑務所人口では25％を占める

But where the War on Drugs might do the most damage to society

罰は厳しく 権利も最低限だ

is the incarceration of non-violent drug offenders.

特に少数派に厳しい

For example, the United States,

囚人は40％がアフリカ系であり

one of the driving forces of the War on Drugs,

麻薬使用は 白人の少年と比べ

has 5% of the world’s total population, but 25% of the world’s prison population,

黒人の少年が10倍捕まりやすい

largely due to the harsh punishments and mandatory minimums.

他に方法はないのだろうか？

Minorities suffer because of this especially.

出口はあるのか？

African Americans make up 40% of all US prison inmates.

1980年代

And while white kids are more likely to abuse drugs,

スイスでヘロイン使用が問題化した

black kids are 10 times more likely to get arrested for drug offenses.

HIVが広まり 街の治安も悪化した

OK, but is there actually something different we could do?

そこでスイスは罰則をなくし

Is there a way out of this mess?

ヘロイン管理センターを作った

In the 1980s, Switzerland experienced

無料でヘロインがもらえて

a public health crisis related to heroin use.

清潔な注射器で打つことができ

HIV rates skyrocketed and street crime became a problem.

シャワーやベッドも用意された

Swiss authorities tried a new strategy: harm reduction.

また社会福祉士の援助も受けられた

They opened free heroin maintenance centers,

結果 麻薬関連の犯罪は減り

where addicts would be treated and stabilized.

３人に２人が定職に就いて

Here, people would be given free heroin of high quality,

人生をやり直すことができた

they would get clean needles and have access to safe injection rooms,

現在 薬物中毒者は70％がここに通う

showers, beds, and medical supervision.

HIV感染は劇的に減り

Social workers help them find housing and deal with other problems in their lives.

中毒死は50％に減った

The results were a sharp drop in drug-related crime

街にあった麻薬関連の仕事も減った

and two thirds of the people in the centers got regular jobs,

この方法は安いだけでなく

because now they could focus on getting better

実際に高い効果が見られる

insetad of financing their addiction.

薬物の禁止は

Today, over 70% of all heroin addicts in Switzerland receive treatment.

人権やお金を掃き捨てて

HIV infections have dropped drastically.

悲劇を生み出すだけだ

Deaths from heroin overdoses have dropped by 50%.

実現できない目標だった

And drug-related street sex work and crime has been reduced enormously.

40年続いた麻薬戦争を

So there are methods that are not only way cheaper,

今こそ終結させ

but also actually work, instead of creating more problems.

より良い道を歩もう

Drug prohibition led to a system that bulldozes human rights,

Subtitles by the Amara.org community

costs vasts sums of money, and creates a lot of human misery,

all in pursuit of an unobtainable goal.

After 40 years of fighting, it’s time to finally end the War on Drugs

and move on to something better.

This video was supported by the Open Society Foundations

and by viewer donations on Patreon.

If you want to learn more about how you can influence drug policy,

check out the Stop the Harm campaign.

We finally have some merchandise!

If you want your own Kurzgesagt poster, T-shirt, mug,

or stickers of little monsters,

you can get them now at the DFTBA store!

Subtitles by the Amara.org community