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  • Are you your body?

    あなたは何か?

  • Well, kind of, right?

    体はあるが

  • But, is there a line where this stops being true?

    全部が本質ではない

  • How much of yourself can you remove before you stop being you,

    どこからあなたではなくなるのか

  • and does the question even make sense?

    この質問に意味はあるのか

  • Your physical existence is cells, trillions of them,

    物理的には あなたは細胞だ

  • at least ten times more than there are stars in the Milky Way.

    数は天の川銀河の星の10倍以上ある

  • A cell is a living being, a machine made of up to 50 thousand different proteins.

    細胞は生き物で

  • It has no consciousness, no will, no purpose; it just is,

    5万以上のタンパク質で構成される

  • but it is still an individual.

    意識も目的もなく ただ存在する

  • Together, your cells form huge structures for jobs like preparing food,

    でも 生きている

  • gathering resources, transporting stuff around,

    互いに協力して組織を作り

  • scanning the environment, and so on.

    資源を集めたり 物を運んだりして

  • If you extract cells from your body and put them in the right environment,

    真面目に働いている

  • they will continue to stay alive for a while,

    細胞は体から外に取り出しても

  • so your cells can exist without you, but you can't exist without them.

    しばらくは生きている

  • If we take all the cells away, there is no "you" anymore.

    細胞にあなたは必要ないが

  • Is there a line where a pile of your cells stops being you?

    あなたには細胞が必要だ

  • For example, if you donate an organ, billions of your cells will continue

    細胞がなくなったら あなたも消える

  • to live on inside someone else.

    細胞があなたでなくなるのはいつか

  • Does this mean that a part of you became a part of another person,

    提供した臓器は

  • or is this other body keeping a part of you alive?

    他の人の中で生き続けるが

  • Or, let us imagine an experiment:

    それはその人の一部になったのか

  • you and a random person from the street exchange cells.

    それともあなたの一部のままなのか

  • One at a time, your body gets one of their cells;

    特殊な実験で

  • their body gets one of your cells.

    人と細胞を交換するとしよう

  • At which point would they become you?

    お互いの細胞を一個ずつ

  • Would they ever, or is this just a very slow and gross way to teleport you?

    交換していったら

  • Let's make this more complicated!

    いつその人はあなたになるか

  • The image of ourselves as a static thing is untenable.

    いつか意識も交換されるのだろうか

  • Almost all of your cells have to die during your lifetime.

    話を複雑にしよう

  • Two hundred and fifty million have died since the beginning of this video, alone,

    人間という概念は不安定なものだ

  • between one and three million per second.

    人の細胞は死に続けている

  • In a seven-year period, most of your cells are replaced at least once.

    動画が始まってから2.5億個は死んだ

  • Every time your cells' setup changes, you are slightly different than before,

    1秒あたり数百万個だ

  • so a part of you is dying constantly.

    7年の間に

  • If you are lucky enough to become old,

    ほとんどの細胞が入れ替わる

  • you would have cycled through roughly a million billion cells,

    あなたは少しずつ

  • so what you consider yourself is really just a snapshot,

    変わっていっている

  • but sometimes, cells are broken and don't want to die

    常に一部は死に続け

  • questioning the very nature of the unity of our bodies.

    老いたときには

  • We call them cancer. They cancel the biological social contract

    1京個の細胞が入れ替わっている

  • and become basically immortal.

    今のあなたは写真のようなものだ

  • Cancer is not an outside invader;

    だが時々細胞は壊れ 死ななくなる

  • it's a part of you that puts its own survival over yours,

    生物に定められた自然の摂理

  • but you could also argue that a cancer cell becomes another entity inside us;

    ガンだ

  • another being that just wants to thrive and survive.

    生物学の掟を破る不死の細胞である

  • Can we blame it for that?

    ガンは外敵ではなく

  • A chilling cell story is that of Henrietta Lacks,

    細胞の暴走によって生まれる

  • a young cancer patient who died in 1951.

    または自我を持った細胞個人が

  • Usually, cells only survived for a few days in the lab,

    生きていたいだけなのかもしれない

  • making research very hard.

    命は大事だ

  • Henrietta's cancer cells were immortal.

    ヘンリエッタという女性がいた

  • Over the decades, they were multiplied over and over again

    彼女は1951年に亡くなった

  • and used for countless research projects saving countless lives.

    通常 細胞は数日で死ぬため

  • Henrietta's cells are still alive and overall have been grown to

    研究が難しい

  • at least 20 tons of biomass,

    しかし彼女のガン細胞は死なず

  • so there are living parts around the world from someone who has been

    何度も増殖しては研究に使われ

  • considered dead for decades.

    多くの命を救った

  • How much of Henrietta is in these cells?

    今でも生きていて

  • What makes one of your cells "you," anyway?

    彼女の細胞は全部で20トンになる

  • Maybe the information contained in it, your DNA?

    本人が死んだ後も

  • Until recently, it was believed that all the cells in your body

    細胞は生き続けているのだ

  • had basically the same genetic code,

    何倍もの量になって

  • but it turns out this is wrong.

    細胞を作るのは何か

  • Your genome is mobile, changing over time

    設計図が書かれたDNAだ

  • through mutations and environmental influences.

    細胞はすべて

  • This is especially the case in your brain.

    同じ設計図に基づいている…

  • According to recent discoveries, a single neuron in an adult brain has more than

    と思うのは間違いだ

  • one thousand mutations in its genetic code that are not present

    遺伝子は流動的で

  • in the cells surrounding it, but how much "you" is your DNA, really?

    変異や環境により変化する

  • About eight percent of the human genome is made up of viruses that once

    脳の場合は特にそうだ

  • infected our ancestors and merged with us.

    最新の研究で 脳の細胞は

  • Mitochondria, power plants of the cell, once were bacteria that merged

    1000回以上変異し

  • with the ancestors of your cells. They still have their own DNA.

    各自異なることがわかった

  • An average cell has hundreds of them, hundreds of little things that are

    DNAは外からも来ている

  • not really human, but they still kind of are.

    人間のDNAの約8%は

  • It is confusing. Let's backtrack a bit.

    昔感染したウイルスのDNAだ

  • We know that you're made up of trillions of little things

    細菌だったミトコンドリアが

  • made from more little things that are constantly changing.

    遥か昔 私たちの先祖と一体化した

  • Together, all those little things are not static, but dynamic.

    DNAはそのままだ

  • Their composition and condition is changing constantly,

    細胞1つに100個いる

  • so we might just be a self-sustaining pattern without clear borders

    人間ではないものが

  • that gained self-awareness at some point and now has the ability

    私たちの一部なのだ

  • to think about itself through time and space,

    複雑だ 話を整理しよう

  • but really only exists in this exact very moment.

    人は数兆個の粒から成り

  • Where did this pattern start:

    絶え間なく変化している

  • with your conception, when the first human arose,

    集まった粒は活動的で

  • when life first began conquering our small planet,

    その状態は常に変わり続けている

  • or when the elements that make up your body were forged in a star?

    つまり私たちに明快な境界はなく

  • Our human brains evolved to deal with absolutes.

    あるのはパターンだけで

  • The fuzzy borders that make up reality are hard to grasp.

    時間や宇宙について考える意識は

  • Maybe ideas like beginning and end, life and death, you and me,

    まさにこの瞬間にしか存在しない

  • are really not absolutes, but ideas belonging to a fluent pattern;

    パターンはいつ始まったのか

  • a pattern that is lost in this strange and beautiful universe.

    原始時代か

  • (Shifting to the voice of CGP Grey) The problem of who we are isn't just

    生命が惑星を支配し始めた時か

  • a question of ourselves, but it's also a question of our minds.

    星の中で元素が作られた時か

  • Just as our cells can be divided and separated from us, so can our very brains

    脳は明確な違いはわかるが

  • be divided and separated from us while still in the skull.

    現実の曖昧な境界は把握しにくい

  • Click here to go to my channel and watch the next part.

    もしかしたら

  • Okay, so now, go watch CGP Grey's video.

    生と死 あなたと私といった違いは

  • If you're not yet subscribed to his channel,

    実は明確ではなく

  • you should really change that now.

    何か捉えがたいパターンが

  • Subtitles by the Amara.org community

    この美しい宇宙の中には隠れている

Are you your body?

あなたは何か?

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