Name: 海軍の伝説 - USSエセックス航空機 (Naval Legends - USS Essex Aircraft)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:57:24.000Z
Duration: 17 min 25 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

endured tragedies and enjoyed victories…

they went down in history due to the bravery of their crews…

they are the ships that deserve to be called

The aviation of Essex-class aircraft carriers:

The outcome of battles in the Pacific Ocean, during World War II,

didn't depend on the primary armament of mighty battleships anymore.

Often, opposing ships didn't make a single artillery salvo

and couldn't even see one another through binoculars.

the clash of aircraft carriers in the Coral Sea:

In the first year of the war, the Japanese army achieved a number of significant victories

and captured almost all of South-East Asia,

while the Imperial fleet was dominating in the Pacific Ocean.

Imagine: a small island country controls a territory 17 times bigger than its own,

However, it's one thing to conquer, it’s another thing to retain it.

In the summer of 1942, the Japanese suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Midway.

It's after this victory that the Americans started active offensive actions.

Japan manufactured 18 aircraft carriers over the course of the war,

not counting those commissioned before the war.

Meanwhile, the U.S. economy could accommodate the construction of 150 aircraft carriers.

Essex-class aircraft carriers became the main striking force of the U.S. Navy

and were pivotal in the war in the Pacific.

The air group of Essex-class ships consisted of four squadrons.

Reconnaissance, bomber, and torpedo bomber squadrons had 18 aircraft each.

The fighter squadron was reinforced and had 36 aircraft instead of 18.

these were the fighters who gradually started to win in the Pacific skies...

In the early years of the war, the primary aircraft of the U.S. carrier aviation

were the Dauntless dive bombers and the Wildcat fighter planes.

They showed good performance, but became obsolete by the beginning of 1943 and needed to be replaced.

Modern Avenger torpedo bombers were the first to appear on the flight decks

and in the hangars of Essex-class carriers.

1 x M2 machine gun in the upper turret, caliber: 0.5 inch

1 x M1919 machine gun in the lower turret,  caliber: 0.3 inch

It was a very effective airplane and a good demonstration of one of the advantages

the U.S. Navy had over our adversary, the Japanese, at that Second World War.

Not only could we produce more aircraft carriers,  but we could produce more aircraft.

And with the design of the folding wings, as you see on the TBM Avenger,

we were able to carry more airplanes on each ship because of that.

It provided extra space for us to carry more aircraft.

And that way we could outnumber our adversaries in combat.

I always thought it was one of the most beautiful airplanes the Navy ever built.

As a youngster I used to make models of all the airplanes that they had

and this was one of the prominent models that I have.

Avengers took their rightful place on aircraft carriers,

while the obsolete Dauntless and Wildcat planes

were replaced by the Helldiver dive bombers and the Hellcat fighter planes...

2 x 500 lbs bombs and 6 x 5-inch HVAR rockets

The Hellcat was the most mass produced fighter plane of the U.S. naval aviation

U.S. engineers installed a more powerful engine than the one found on the previous model,

the Wildcat, thus improving the flight characteristics.

The new fighter had greater maneuverability, speed, as well as fuel and ammunition capacity...

In the last two years of the war Hellcats shot down more than five thousand Japanese aircraft,

contributing to two thirds of all victories of the U.S. carrier aviation in dogfights.

The F6F has one of the best ratios of victories to losses in the Pacific

19 to 1, that means that for every Hellcat lost, 19 Japanese aircraft were destroyed.

The Helldiver was the most ambiguous plane of the Essex's carrier aviation.

Twin mount M1919 machine gun in the upper turret, caliber: 0.3 inch

Total bomb load up to 2,002 lbs  including 8 x 5-inch HVAR rockets.

the landing gear legs of these machines would literally collapse the moment they touched the flight deck,

while braking barriers failed to catch them...

When a Helldiver was going to land, all personnel were removed from the deck.

this aircraft had quite poor flight characteristics, especially when landing on a moving deck.

In addition, it would often lose its ammunition, which didn't add to the reliability.

That's why, when the aircraft initially began service,

the U.S. sailors nicknamed it "the Big-Tailed Beast"...

However, Helldivers had some noteworthy advantages:

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海軍の伝説 - USSエセックス航空機 (Naval Legends - USS Essex Aircraft)

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