Name: 周期表の4つの新元素とは？ (What Are The Four New Elements On The Periodic Table?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:54:53.000Z
Duration: 4 min 10 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

guys guys guys did you hear? THERE’S FOUR NEW ELEMENTS.

Dang it, now I have to change my shower curtain.

This week the The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) announced that

four new elements will be joining the other 114 on the periodic table of elements. The

addition of elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 means the seventh row or period is now complete!

They still don’t have proper names yet, they’re just called by their numbers.

So where did these as yet unnamed elements come from? Scientists from Lawrence Livermore

laboratory in California and the Riken institute in Japan smashed atoms together in particle

accelerators and these new elements were created when the two nuclei fused. But the new elements

existed only for a fraction of a second. Then they decayed into isotopes of other elements.

Element 113, the one created in Japan, exists for less than a thousandth of a second before

it decays into other isotopes, so it’s unlikely you’ll run into this element anytime soon.

So alright, sweet new elements. While cool, it probably won’t mean much for your daily

life, yet. Unless you have to memorize the entire table in chemistry class, sorry 10th

graders. But for science, it could be huge. Scientists have been searching for the elusive

“island of stability," which according to a theory by Nobel laureate Glenn Seaborg is

a stable element with just the right number of protons and neutrons. And these new elements

might be getting scientists closer to the island of stability.

You see, most heavy elements, ones with more than 113 protons like these new ones, only

exist for a short amount of time. That’s because the force of the positive charges

of their protons is too strong and the nucleus is pushed and pulled apart in a fraction of

a second. But just like atoms become stable when their outer electron shells are full,

some researchers, like Seaborg, believe that if a nuclei has a certain number of proteins

arranged in just the right way, the element would be stable, it could last. If we can

create this theoretical stable element it could be used to build things we haven’t

even imagined yet! Even the effort of doing so, teaches scientists "a tremendous amount

According to Seaborg, the magic number to hit is 114 protons and 184 neutrons. And after

30 years of trying, Seaborg’s mentee Ken Moody finally hit the sweet spot by slamming

together plutonium and calcium which briefly created a new element. Unfortunately, while

the element, now called flerovium, or Fl has 114 protons it doesn’t have the needed 184

neutrons, and so it fell apart too quickly.

Element 117, has been heralded as a possible “shore to the island of stability”. Five

years ago, A U.S.–Russian team first created it at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

in Dubna, Russia. Described in a journal Physical Review Letters, this new element has a half-life

of about 50-thousandths of a second. Which means in that short of a time, half the element

will decay into other isotopes like lawrencium-266, which had 103 protons and 163 neutrons, a

combination never seen before. This lawrencium-266 even lasted a long time for an isotope, with

a half life of 11 hours. Because of this, one of the lead authors said “Perhaps we

are at the shore of the island of stability.”

So, maybe, science is one step closer to creating a new element which we could use in ways we

haven’t even dreamed of. And though we’re not there yet…we’re getting closer. It’s

clear more research is needed. There’s no theoretical limit to how big elements can

get! One day scientists might just start filling out the elusive 8th row! So don’t change

so what happens now with these new elements? What happens when new elements are added to

the periodic table? There is trial and error in science constantly but what did it really

take to perfect the gold standard tool that hangs in every chemistry classroom?

to find out, trace has the answer over on Test Tube Plus