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>> HELLO AND WELCOME TO TALKING POINTS.
I'M DAVE KELLY, DIRECTOR OF ADVANCED MEDIA PRODUCTION
AT CAL STATE LONG BEACH.
TODAY WE'RE GOING TO EXPLORE THE WORLD OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGY:
FLYING CARS; ROBOTS THAT CARE OF ALL OF OUR DRUDGERY WORK;
AND BIOMEDICAL SOLUTIONS THAT ENABLE US
TO LIVE TO 150 YEARS OF AGE.
I HOPE WE HAVE YOUR ATTENTION.
MY GUEST TODAY IS DR. DAVID STOUT.
DR. STOUT IS AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MECHANICAL
AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING.
WELCOME, DAVID, AND THANK YOU
FOR JOINING US ON TALKING POINTS.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, DAVID, FOR LETTING ME COME HERE
AND TO TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE INNOVATIONS OF TOMORROW.
>> WELL, I CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED.
I SHOULD NOTE FOR BENEFIT OF THE AUDIENCE
THAT THIS IS YOUR SECOND APPEARANCE ON TALKING POINTS.
IN THE FIRST APPEARANCE WE TALKED EXCLUSIVELY
ABOUT BIOMEDICAL ADVANCES.
BUT TODAY WE'RE GOING TO START
WITH THAT THEN WE'RE GOING TRANSITION TO AUTOMATION
AND ROBOTICS, AND THEN MOVE ON TO TRAVEL,
AND FINISH UP WITH COMMUNICATIONS
AND ENTERTAINMENT.
BUT LET'S GO AHEAD AND PICK UP THE THREAD
ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING.
FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND, THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT FOR THOSE
WHO ARE CURRENTLY HAVING TO UNDERGO CHEMOTHERAPY,
AND RADIATION, AND SO FORTH FOR CANCER TREATMENTS.
IN THE FUTURE THERE WILL BE A PILL
WITH A NANOPARTICLE INVOLVED.
THAT NANOPARTICLE WILL BE ABLE TO TRAVEL THROUGH THE BODY
AND SEARCH AND DESTROY CANCER CELLS OR PRECANCEROUS CELLS.
AND, AGAIN, IT WILL HELP FOLKS TO AVOID THE TOXICITY
OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND ALL THE RIGORS OF RADIATION.
HOW SOON WILL IT BE WHEN THAT BECOMES A COMMON OCCURRENCE
IN TERMS OF CANCER TREATMENT AND HOW DOES
THAT TECHNOLOGY ACTUALLY WORK?
>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.
AND DEFINITELY I AGREE WITH YOU, DAVID,
THAT IT IS DEFINITELY A HUGE FUTURE.
AND A VERY, VERY BRIGHT FUTURE AS WELL.
FOR EXAMPLE, YOU ASKED THE QUESTION
ABOUT WHEN IS THIS GOING TO HAPPEN.
WELL, IT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING TODAY.
THERE ARE A LOT OF CLINICAL TRIALS THAT THE FDA, THE NIH,
HAS ACTUALLY BEEN PROPOSED AND AGREED UPON
WHERE YOU TAKE THIS PILL AND YOU HAVE THESE LITTLE,
WHAT WE CALL "NANOBOTS," THAT GO AND THEY SEARCH AND DESTROY.
AND THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND IT ACTUALLY IS VERY SIMPLE.
YOU HAVE A PARTICULAR MOLECULE THAT YOU HAVE A PARTICULAR,
WHAT WE CONSIDER LIKE A HONING SIGNAL, AND--
AND WHAT THAT HAPPENS IS IT FINDS A PARTICULAR BIOMARKER,
OR A SPECIFIC LOCATION THAT A CANCER CELL MIGHT HAVE,
AND IT FINDS IT, IT SEARCHES FOR IT, AND THEN IT DESTROYS.
AND THEN WHEN IT DESTROYS IT, IT KEEPS ALL
OF THE OTHER HEALTHY CELLS AROUND IT QUITE HEALTHY
AND IT DOESN'T KILL IT.
SO THE TOXICITY OF CHEMOTHERAPY
AND RADIATION THERAPY WILL DEFINITELY BE IN THE PAST,
I WOULD SAY, HOPEFULLY, IN THE NEXT TEN TO 15 YEARS.
>> WELL, THAT'S GREAT.
AND THAT'S REALLY WELCOME NEWS AFTER THESE MANY YEARS
OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION TREATMENTS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE
IN MANY WAYS, BUT ARE ALSO QUITE TOXIC, AS WE'VE JUST DISCUSSED.
WELL, LET'S TALK ABOUT ANOTHER BIOMEDICAL KIND
OF ADVANCEMENT THAT'S JUST COMING ALONG NOW,
AND THAT'S THE, I GUESS, IMPLANT OF ELECTRODES INTO THE BRAIN
TO HELP RESTORE SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR PEOPLE
THAT HAVE EXPERIENCED BRAIN DAMAGE OR HAVE HAD ALZHEIMER'S.
HOW DOES THAT WORK?
>> AGAIN, THIS IS A HUGE BREAKTHROUGH.
AND THIS HAS JUST OCCURRED JUST IN THE PAST FEW YEARS.
IT WAS ACTUALLY A GROUP THAT'S ACTUALLY HERE
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA THAT'S LEADING THIS INNOVATION.
AND THE WAY IT REALLY WORKS IS THEY USE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY,
AS WELL AS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY.
AND THEY KIND OF SYNERGIZE IN PUTTING TOGETHER.
WHEREAS A COMPUTER SCIENTIST OR A COMPUTER PROGRAMMER,
THEY TRY TO FIND SPECIFIC ALGORITHMS OR KIND OF SONGS
OR PATTERNS THAT HOW THE BRAIN WORKS
AND WHERE MEMORY COMES INTO PLAY.
AND THEN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER CREATES AN ELECTRODE
OR ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT TO READ THESE PARTICULAR SIGNS
AND THESE PARTICULAR WAVES IN THE BRAIN.
AND THEN THE COMPUTER PROGRAMMER SAYS, "OKAY,
LET'S CREATE A COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM
THAT LEARNS THESE PARTICULAR PATTERNS IN THE BRAIN."
AND SO IF SOMEONE LOSES THAT MEMORY WE HAVE THE ABILITY
TO KIND OF IMPLANT THIS CHIP IN THE BRAIN AND THAT IMPLANT,
THE CHIP IN THE BRAIN,
WILL LEARN THAT PARTICULAR PATTERN IN THE BRAIN.
AND THEN IT IF LOSES THAT MEMORY IT WILL BE ABLE TO REGENERATE
THAT PARTICULAR PATTERN.
AND THAT'S REALLY HOW THE MIND REALLY WORKS IS LOOKING
AT THESE SIGNALING PATTERNS.
AND SO WE ARE JUST COMING OF AGE OF LEARNING
OF THESE NEW SIGNALING PATTERNS.
>> AND SO WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT THE SIGNALING PATTERNS,
FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND -- AND CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG --
BUT FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND, IT'S A SERIES OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
THAT HAVE TO BE TRANSLATED AND TRANSCODED A NUMBER OF TIMES
ACROSS THE NEURAL NETWORK.
AND IF THERE'S SOME KIND OF A GAP OR CORRUPTION
IN THAT NETWORK, THOSE SIGNALS DON'T GET TRANSLATED.
IS THAT HOW IT WORKS?
>> YES. THAT'S DEFINITELY HOW IT WORKS.
AND SO WHAT WE'RE ULTIMATELY DOING IS CREATING A BRIDGE
BETWEEN THESE TWO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS.
>> THAT'S IT.
>> AND WHEN WE CREATE THOSE BRIDGES THOSE --
THOSE MEMORIES CAN FLOW FREELY THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN.
>> AND SO THIS WILL BE EFFECTIVE FOR ALZHEIMER'S --
FOLKS THAT SUFFER FROM ALZHEIMER'S --
AND ALSO, APPARENTLY SOLDIERS THAT COME BACK
FROM THE WAR THEATER AND HAVE TROUBLE WITH PTSD
AND OTHER THINGS BECAUSE OF BRAIN INJURY OR BRAIN TRAUMA.
THIS WILL HELP IN THOSE CASES?
>> YES. WE'VE FOUND OUT -- WE'VE NOTICED --
IN THE PAST TEN YEARS OF SOLDIERS COMING BACK
THAT THEY HAVE SOMETHING CALLED TBI, OR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
AND THIS IS KIND OF A SMALL LOSS OF MEMORY DUE
TO SOME TRAUMATIC INJURY THAT HAS OCCURRED AROUND THE BRAIN.
THIS IS AN EXPLOSION THAT'S AROUND THEIR BRAIN
OR SOME TRAUMATIC SYSTEM THAT'S OCCURRED WHERE THEY'VE LOST
THAT SIGNALING PATHWAY.
AND SO WE ARE ABLE TO CREATE THOSE BRIDGES
THAT HAVE ULTIMATELY BEEN LOST.
AND WHEN WE DO THAT, HOPEFULLY WE CAN HELP THOSE SOLDIERS KIND
OF REMEMBER A LOT
OF THE MEMORIES BEFORE THAT INJURY OCCURRED.
>> SO, GOOD NEWS ON THAT FRONT.
>> DEFINITELY.
DEFINITELY GOOD NEWS.
>> ALL RIGHT.
WELL, LET'S TALK ABOUT LONGEVITY FOR A MOMENT BECAUSE I TEASED
IN THE OPENING THAT WE'RE GOING TO LIVE TO 150 YEARS IF WE'RE
AROUND IN TIME TO BE ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SOME
OF THESE NEW ADVANCEMENTS.
WHY WOULD LONGEVITY INCREASE
BECAUSE OF THESE BIOMEDICAL ADVANCEMENTS?
WHAT ARE THOSE ADVANCEMENTS THAT ARE GOING
TO ENABLE THE LONGER LIFES, LONGER LIFESPAN?
>> WELL, THERE'S QUITE A FEW OF THEM.
ONE BIG ONE THAT'S MAKING A LOT
OF PUBLIC NOTICE IS SOMETHING CALLED 3D PRINTING.
AND SO ONE OF THE BIG REASONS THAT A LOT
OF PEOPLE WILL DETERIORATE AND ULTIMATELY PASS ON IS
BECAUSE THEIR BODY JUST KIND OF GIVES OUT.
AND AS THEIR ORGANS, THEY'VE BEEN WORKING FOR MANY,
MANY YEARS AND THEY ARE ABLE TO RECREATE THOSE CELLS AGAIN.
AND SO, IF WE, AS HUMANS, AND ENGINEERS HAVE BEEN ABLE
TO FIND A WAY OF FINDING A NEW ORGAN
OR TO REGENERATE THOSE CELLS DEGENERATING IN AN ORGAN AGAIN,
WE CAN LIVE A LITTLE BIT LONGER.
AND SO, 3D PRINTING HAS COME TO PASS
WHERE THEY'VE ACTUALLY CREATED HUMAN BLADDERS, HUMAN CANCERS,
AND ACTUALLY HUMAN TISSUES.
A GROUP ON THE EAST COAST HAS BEEN DOING THIS
FOR THE PAST FIVE TO SIX YEARS.
AND NOW THE KEY AT NOW IS NOW THAT WE CAN CREATE THIS ORGAN,
DO WE HAVE THE ABILITY FOR THAT ORGAN
TO DO [INAUDIBLE] CONTINUOUSLY?
AND I THINK THAT IN THE FUTURE -- WE'RE TALKING MAYBE SEVEN,
EIGHT YEARS -- WE'LL ACTUALLY SEE SOME FDA APPROVED FROM --
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION APPROVED --
CLINICAL TRIALS OF USING THESE 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUES,
WHICH WOULD BE GREAT.
SO IF YOU SAY, "HEY, I HAVE, YOU KNOW, MY BLADDER'S STARTING
TO GIVE OUT," YOU GO TO A DOCTOR
AND A DOCTOR GIVES YOU A PRESCRIPTION
AND THAT PRESCRIPTION SAYS,"GO TO A 3D PRINTING COMPANY."
YOU WAIT TWO OR THREE DAYS LATER