技術革新。生物医学、ロボット、空飛ぶ車 (Technological Innovations: Biomedicine, Robotics and Flying Cars)

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[ MUSIC ]
>> HELLO AND WELCOME TO TALKING POINTS.
I'M DAVE KELLY, DIRECTOR OF ADVANCED MEDIA PRODUCTION
AT CAL STATE LONG BEACH.
TODAY WE'RE GOING TO EXPLORE THE WORLD OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGY:
FLYING CARS; ROBOTS THAT CARE OF ALL OF OUR DRUDGERY WORK;
AND BIOMEDICAL SOLUTIONS THAT ENABLE US
TO LIVE TO 150 YEARS OF AGE.
I HOPE WE HAVE YOUR ATTENTION.
MY GUEST TODAY IS DR. DAVID STOUT.
DR. STOUT IS AN ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MECHANICAL
AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING.
WELCOME, DAVID, AND THANK YOU
FOR JOINING US ON TALKING POINTS.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH, DAVID, FOR LETTING ME COME HERE
AND TO TALK ABOUT THE FUTURE INNOVATIONS OF TOMORROW.
>> WELL, I CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED.
I SHOULD NOTE FOR BENEFIT OF THE AUDIENCE
THAT THIS IS YOUR SECOND APPEARANCE ON TALKING POINTS.
IN THE FIRST APPEARANCE WE TALKED EXCLUSIVELY
ABOUT BIOMEDICAL ADVANCES.
BUT TODAY WE'RE GOING TO START
WITH THAT THEN WE'RE GOING TRANSITION TO AUTOMATION
AND ROBOTICS, AND THEN MOVE ON TO TRAVEL,
AND FINISH UP WITH COMMUNICATIONS
AND ENTERTAINMENT.
BUT LET'S GO AHEAD AND PICK UP THE THREAD
ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING.
FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND, THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT FOR THOSE
WHO ARE CURRENTLY HAVING TO UNDERGO CHEMOTHERAPY,
AND RADIATION, AND SO FORTH FOR CANCER TREATMENTS.
IN THE FUTURE THERE WILL BE A PILL
WITH A NANOPARTICLE INVOLVED.
THAT NANOPARTICLE WILL BE ABLE TO TRAVEL THROUGH THE BODY
AND SEARCH AND DESTROY CANCER CELLS OR PRECANCEROUS CELLS.
AND, AGAIN, IT WILL HELP FOLKS TO AVOID THE TOXICITY
OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND ALL THE RIGORS OF RADIATION.
HOW SOON WILL IT BE WHEN THAT BECOMES A COMMON OCCURRENCE
IN TERMS OF CANCER TREATMENT AND HOW DOES
THAT TECHNOLOGY ACTUALLY WORK?
>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.
AND DEFINITELY I AGREE WITH YOU, DAVID,
THAT IT IS DEFINITELY A HUGE FUTURE.
AND A VERY, VERY BRIGHT FUTURE AS WELL.
FOR EXAMPLE, YOU ASKED THE QUESTION
ABOUT WHEN IS THIS GOING TO HAPPEN.
WELL, IT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING TODAY.
THERE ARE A LOT OF CLINICAL TRIALS THAT THE FDA, THE NIH,
HAS ACTUALLY BEEN PROPOSED AND AGREED UPON
WHERE YOU TAKE THIS PILL AND YOU HAVE THESE LITTLE,
WHAT WE CALL "NANOBOTS," THAT GO AND THEY SEARCH AND DESTROY.
AND THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND IT ACTUALLY IS VERY SIMPLE.
YOU HAVE A PARTICULAR MOLECULE THAT YOU HAVE A PARTICULAR,
WHAT WE CONSIDER LIKE A HONING SIGNAL, AND--
AND WHAT THAT HAPPENS IS IT FINDS A PARTICULAR BIOMARKER,
OR A SPECIFIC LOCATION THAT A CANCER CELL MIGHT HAVE,
AND IT FINDS IT, IT SEARCHES FOR IT, AND THEN IT DESTROYS.
AND THEN WHEN IT DESTROYS IT, IT KEEPS ALL
OF THE OTHER HEALTHY CELLS AROUND IT QUITE HEALTHY
AND IT DOESN'T KILL IT.
SO THE TOXICITY OF CHEMOTHERAPY
AND RADIATION THERAPY WILL DEFINITELY BE IN THE PAST,
I WOULD SAY, HOPEFULLY, IN THE NEXT TEN TO 15 YEARS.
>> WELL, THAT'S GREAT.
AND THAT'S REALLY WELCOME NEWS AFTER THESE MANY YEARS
OF CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION TREATMENTS THAT ARE EFFECTIVE
IN MANY WAYS, BUT ARE ALSO QUITE TOXIC, AS WE'VE JUST DISCUSSED.
WELL, LET'S TALK ABOUT ANOTHER BIOMEDICAL KIND
OF ADVANCEMENT THAT'S JUST COMING ALONG NOW,
AND THAT'S THE, I GUESS, IMPLANT OF ELECTRODES INTO THE BRAIN
TO HELP RESTORE SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR PEOPLE
THAT HAVE EXPERIENCED BRAIN DAMAGE OR HAVE HAD ALZHEIMER'S.
HOW DOES THAT WORK?
>> AGAIN, THIS IS A HUGE BREAKTHROUGH.
AND THIS HAS JUST OCCURRED JUST IN THE PAST FEW YEARS.
IT WAS ACTUALLY A GROUP THAT'S ACTUALLY HERE
IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA THAT'S LEADING THIS INNOVATION.
AND THE WAY IT REALLY WORKS IS THEY USE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY,
AS WELL AS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY.
AND THEY KIND OF SYNERGIZE IN PUTTING TOGETHER.
WHEREAS A COMPUTER SCIENTIST OR A COMPUTER PROGRAMMER,
THEY TRY TO FIND SPECIFIC ALGORITHMS OR KIND OF SONGS
OR PATTERNS THAT HOW THE BRAIN WORKS
AND WHERE MEMORY COMES INTO PLAY.
AND THEN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER CREATES AN ELECTRODE
OR ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT TO READ THESE PARTICULAR SIGNS
AND THESE PARTICULAR WAVES IN THE BRAIN.
AND THEN THE COMPUTER PROGRAMMER SAYS, "OKAY,
LET'S CREATE A COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM
THAT LEARNS THESE PARTICULAR PATTERNS IN THE BRAIN."
AND SO IF SOMEONE LOSES THAT MEMORY WE HAVE THE ABILITY
TO KIND OF IMPLANT THIS CHIP IN THE BRAIN AND THAT IMPLANT,
THE CHIP IN THE BRAIN,
WILL LEARN THAT PARTICULAR PATTERN IN THE BRAIN.
AND THEN IT IF LOSES THAT MEMORY IT WILL BE ABLE TO REGENERATE
THAT PARTICULAR PATTERN.
AND THAT'S REALLY HOW THE MIND REALLY WORKS IS LOOKING
AT THESE SIGNALING PATTERNS.
AND SO WE ARE JUST COMING OF AGE OF LEARNING
OF THESE NEW SIGNALING PATTERNS.
>> AND SO WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT THE SIGNALING PATTERNS,
FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND -- AND CORRECT ME IF I'M WRONG --
BUT FROM WHAT I UNDERSTAND, IT'S A SERIES OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES
THAT HAVE TO BE TRANSLATED AND TRANSCODED A NUMBER OF TIMES
ACROSS THE NEURAL NETWORK.
AND IF THERE'S SOME KIND OF A GAP OR CORRUPTION
IN THAT NETWORK, THOSE SIGNALS DON'T GET TRANSLATED.
IS THAT HOW IT WORKS?
>> YES. THAT'S DEFINITELY HOW IT WORKS.
AND SO WHAT WE'RE ULTIMATELY DOING IS CREATING A BRIDGE
BETWEEN THESE TWO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS.
>> THAT'S IT.
>> AND WHEN WE CREATE THOSE BRIDGES THOSE --
THOSE MEMORIES CAN FLOW FREELY THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN.
>> AND SO THIS WILL BE EFFECTIVE FOR ALZHEIMER'S --
FOLKS THAT SUFFER FROM ALZHEIMER'S --
AND ALSO, APPARENTLY SOLDIERS THAT COME BACK
FROM THE WAR THEATER AND HAVE TROUBLE WITH PTSD
AND OTHER THINGS BECAUSE OF BRAIN INJURY OR BRAIN TRAUMA.
THIS WILL HELP IN THOSE CASES?
>> YES. WE'VE FOUND OUT -- WE'VE NOTICED --
IN THE PAST TEN YEARS OF SOLDIERS COMING BACK
THAT THEY HAVE SOMETHING CALLED TBI, OR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY.
AND THIS IS KIND OF A SMALL LOSS OF MEMORY DUE
TO SOME TRAUMATIC INJURY THAT HAS OCCURRED AROUND THE BRAIN.
THIS IS AN EXPLOSION THAT'S AROUND THEIR BRAIN
OR SOME TRAUMATIC SYSTEM THAT'S OCCURRED WHERE THEY'VE LOST
THAT SIGNALING PATHWAY.
AND SO WE ARE ABLE TO CREATE THOSE BRIDGES
THAT HAVE ULTIMATELY BEEN LOST.
AND WHEN WE DO THAT, HOPEFULLY WE CAN HELP THOSE SOLDIERS KIND
OF REMEMBER A LOT
OF THE MEMORIES BEFORE THAT INJURY OCCURRED.
>> SO, GOOD NEWS ON THAT FRONT.
>> DEFINITELY.
DEFINITELY GOOD NEWS.
>> ALL RIGHT.
WELL, LET'S TALK ABOUT LONGEVITY FOR A MOMENT BECAUSE I TEASED
IN THE OPENING THAT WE'RE GOING TO LIVE TO 150 YEARS IF WE'RE
AROUND IN TIME TO BE ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SOME
OF THESE NEW ADVANCEMENTS.
WHY WOULD LONGEVITY INCREASE
BECAUSE OF THESE BIOMEDICAL ADVANCEMENTS?
WHAT ARE THOSE ADVANCEMENTS THAT ARE GOING
TO ENABLE THE LONGER LIFES, LONGER LIFESPAN?
>> WELL, THERE'S QUITE A FEW OF THEM.
ONE BIG ONE THAT'S MAKING A LOT
OF PUBLIC NOTICE IS SOMETHING CALLED 3D PRINTING.
AND SO ONE OF THE BIG REASONS THAT A LOT
OF PEOPLE WILL DETERIORATE AND ULTIMATELY PASS ON IS
BECAUSE THEIR BODY JUST KIND OF GIVES OUT.
AND AS THEIR ORGANS, THEY'VE BEEN WORKING FOR MANY,
MANY YEARS AND THEY ARE ABLE TO RECREATE THOSE CELLS AGAIN.
AND SO, IF WE, AS HUMANS, AND ENGINEERS HAVE BEEN ABLE
TO FIND A WAY OF FINDING A NEW ORGAN
OR TO REGENERATE THOSE CELLS DEGENERATING IN AN ORGAN AGAIN,
WE CAN LIVE A LITTLE BIT LONGER.
AND SO, 3D PRINTING HAS COME TO PASS
WHERE THEY'VE ACTUALLY CREATED HUMAN BLADDERS, HUMAN CANCERS,
AND ACTUALLY HUMAN TISSUES.
A GROUP ON THE EAST COAST HAS BEEN DOING THIS
FOR THE PAST FIVE TO SIX YEARS.
AND NOW THE KEY AT NOW IS NOW THAT WE CAN CREATE THIS ORGAN,
DO WE HAVE THE ABILITY FOR THAT ORGAN
TO DO [INAUDIBLE] CONTINUOUSLY?
AND I THINK THAT IN THE FUTURE -- WE'RE TALKING MAYBE SEVEN,
EIGHT YEARS -- WE'LL ACTUALLY SEE SOME FDA APPROVED FROM --
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION APPROVED --
CLINICAL TRIALS OF USING THESE 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUES,
WHICH WOULD BE GREAT.
SO IF YOU SAY, "HEY, I HAVE, YOU KNOW, MY BLADDER'S STARTING
TO GIVE OUT," YOU GO TO A DOCTOR
AND A DOCTOR GIVES YOU A PRESCRIPTION
AND THAT PRESCRIPTION SAYS,"GO TO A 3D PRINTING COMPANY."
YOU WAIT TWO OR THREE DAYS LATER
AND THEN YOU HAVE THIS NEW BLADDER.
THAT WOULD BE EXCELLENT.
THAT WOULD BE A GREAT IDEA
AND YOU COULD DEFINITELY LIVE A LITTLE LONGER.
>> WELL, IT SOUNDS LIKE WE'RE GETTING TO THE POINT
WHERE WE'RE TREATING THE HUMAN BODY ALMOST LIKE A USED CAR,
WHERE WE CAN GET NEW PARTS AND REPLACE THE OLD PARTS
WITH THE NEW PARTS WHICH EXTENDS THE LIFE OF THE BODY.
IS THAT KIND OF AN ANALOGY THAT WORKS HERE?
>> OH, MOST DEFINITELY.
IF YOUR MUFFLER, YOU KNOW, IS MAKING CRAZY SOUNDS YOU WANT
TO GO TO A MECHANIC AND GET THAT FIXED.
IF YOUR HEART'S NOT PUMPING CORRECTLY
OR IF YOUR BLADDER'S NOT HOLDING ITS, WHEN IT'S, YOU KNOW,
ITS URINE, THEN, OF COURSE,
WE'RE GOING TO NEED SOMETHING NEW.
AND SO I BELIEVE THAT THE FUTURE WILL DEFINITELY BE: ALL RIGHT,
WHEN AN ORGAN DOESN'T WORK OR SOMETHING HAPPENS,
WHY DON'T WE CREATE A NEW SYSTEM USING 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUES
TO ULTIMATELY REPLACE THAT MALFUNCTION?
>> ALL RIGHT.
AND WHEN WE TALK ABOUT IMPROVEMENTS WE'VE TALKED
ABOUT PROSTHETIC ADVI -- DEVICES AS WELL -- REPLACEMENT OF LIMBS,
AND THE USE OF, I GUESS, TECHNOLOGY,
AND THE NANOPARTICLES THAT YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT TO IMPROVE,
QUOTE UNQUOTE, IMPROVE THE BODY, MOVING TOWARD WHAT WE REFERRED
TO IN THE 1970'S AS THE BIONIC MAN.
AND THEN LATER IN THE, WHAT WAS IT,
THE 90'S WE HAD BOURNE IDENTITY WITH JASON BOURNE
WHO WAS THIS SORT OF HUMAN ANDROID HYBRID.
AND WE HAVE A LOT OF MOVIES AND TELEVISION FILM --
TELEVISION PROGRAMS -- THAT HAVE SIMILAR CONCEPTS.
ARE WE ACTUALLY MOVING IN THAT DIRECTION WHERE WE'RE,
WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO RE-ENGINEER THE HUMAN BODY,
IN SOME CASES TO PROVIDE SUPER STRENGTH AND SUPER RESILIENCE,
AND AN ALMOST INVINCIBLE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTITUTION?
>> WELL, I -- I AGREE WITH THE POINT AND THE NOTION
THAT WE ARE DEFINITELY MOVING TOWARDS THIS CONCEPT
AND THIS IDEA THAT WE'RE GOING TO KIND OF REPLACE A LOT
OF THE THINGS OR A LOT OF THE PARTS THAT ARE BROKEN.
I DON'T AGREE -- I MEAN, I DON'T SAY THAT I DON'T AGREE --
BUT I, I DON'T THINK THAT WE'RE MOVING TOWARDS A SUPER HUMAN.
FOR EXAMPLE, THERE'S A LOT OF RESEARCH RIGHT NOW THAT'S GOING
ON THAT INSTEAD OF, IF SOMEONE HAS A HEART ATTACK,
OR SOMEONE HAS A PROBLEM, OR SOMETHING OCCURS,
WE HAVE THE ABILITY TO INCREASE IN SPEED THE PROCESS OF FIXING
THAT PARTICULAR ORGAN, OR FIXING THAT PARTICULAR ARM,
OR THAT LIGAMENT ITSELF.
AND SO THAT'S ALREADY OCCURRING RIGHT NOW.
AND I BELIEVE WHERE THE FUTURE IS GOING IS
THAT WE'RE JUST GOING TO ENHANCE WHAT WE CONSIDER WHAT MOTHER
NATURE HAS DONE AND KIND OF SPEED UP THE PROCESS.
SO NOT MAKING A SUPER HUMAN, BUT MAKING THAT HUMAN TURN
OVER AND FIX A LOT FASTER.
>> ALL RIGHT.
WELL, ON THE SAME NOTE, PEOPLE HAVE BEEN CONCERNED
ABOUT AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS AND HOW THESE TERMINATORS,
AS WE'VE SEEN IN THE MOVIES, ARE COMING TO GET US.
AND RAY KURZWEIL, WHO'S A FUTURIST, WROTE A BOOK IN 2005
AND IT'S TITLED THE SINGULARITY IS NEAR:
WHEN HUMANS TRANSCEND BIOLOGY.
AND IN THE BOOK HE REFERENCES WHAT HE REFERS
TO AS A "TERMINATOR MOMENT."
AND I'M JUST GOING TO READ SOMETHING HERE,
"AND WHAT THAT MEANS IS THE RISE
OF COMPUTERS WILL OUTPACE OUR ABILITY TO CONTROL THEM.
TO KEEP UP WE WILL RADICALLY TRANSFORM OUR BIOLOGY VIA
NANOBOTS AND OTHER MACHINES THAT WILL ENHANCE OUR ANATOMY
AND OUR DNA, CHANGING EVERYTHING ABOUT HOW WE LIVE AND DIE."
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THAT?
>> THAT'S A REALLY INTERESTING QUOTE BECAUSE HE'S, YOU KNOW,
COMPARING A LOT OF TECHNOLOGY TO KIND OF THE HUMAN PSYCHE
AND THIS IDEA OF A MACHINE CAN SOMEWHAT CREATE.
WE HAVE TO REMEMBER THAT A "TERMINATOR MOMENT,"
OR A MACHINE, TECHNICALLY OUR COMPUTER,
IS JUST REALLY A MACHINE.
IT DOES WHAT WE TELL IT TO DO AND THEN IT WILL --
IT DOES IT REALLY NICELY
AND DOES IT REALLY, REALLY EFFICIENTLY.
BUT THE IDEA OF CREATIVITY OR THIS "TERMINATOR MOMENT,"
IS IF WE PROGRAM IT TO DO SOMETHING, IT'S GOING TO DO IT.
IT'S NOT GOING TO EVOLVE AND CHANGE.
NOW THERE IS RESEARCH THAT IS THE IDEA
OF THIS EVOLVING PROGRAMMING SYSTEM BUT, AGAIN,
WE ULTIMATELY WILL STAY IN CONTROL
OF THAT PROGRAMMING SYSTEM.
DO I BELIEVE THAT WE'LL COME TO A "TERMINATOR MOMENT?"
I DON'T THINK IT WILL COME TO A "TERMINATOR MOMENT,"
BUT I DO BELIEVE THAT WE ARE AT A POINT WHERE MACHINES CAN KIND
OF PROCESS IDEAS AND CONCEPTS A LOT FASTER THAN WE CAN.
BUT THE IDEA THAT CREATIVITY IS WHAT KEEPS US VERY,
VERY DIFFERENT FROM WHAT WE CONSIDER A TERMINATOR.
>> AND, AS THEY SAY, TO USE AN OFT USED CLICHE, A TERMINATOR
OR A COMPUTER CAN'T THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX BECAUSE,
BY DEFINITION, IT'S A BOX THAT WE'VE PROGRAMMED.
>> DEFINITELY.
IT IS ONLY A BOX.
>> OKAY. WELL, THAT'S GOOD NEWS, TOO.
ON THE BRIGHTER SIDE OF ROBOTICS, WHAT ARE SOME THINGS
THAT ROBOTS ARE GOING TO BE DOING FOR US IN THE FUTURE?
I MENTIONED DRUDGERY, DRUDGERY WORK.
CAN WE COUNT ON ROBOTS TO BE DOING A LOT OF THE DRUDGERY WORK
FOR US IN THE FUTURE, AND WHAT KINDS
OF THINGS WILL THEY BE DOING?
>> WELL, DEFINITELY.
IF YOU LOOK TODAY AND RIGHT NOW, THERE'S A LOT
OF WHAT YOU CONSIDER DRUDGERY WORK
THAT A LOT OF ROBOTS ALREADY DO.
WE HAVE SELF-CLEANING, WELL, WE HAVE A LOT
OF SELF-CLEANING OBJECTS -- OH, I APOLOGIZE, NOT OBJECTS --
BUT A LOT OF SELF-CLEANING TOOLS THAT WILL HELP CLEAN THE HOUSE.
FOR EXAMPLE, WE HAVE A VACUUM THAT ALREADY DRIVES ITSELF
AND CLEANS IT; WE HAVE A SELF-DRIVING CAR;
WE HAVE A COMPUTER THAT CAN ACTUALLY PLAY CHESS BY ITSELF.
WE HAVE A LOT OF THESE - WELL, IT'S NOT REALLY DRUDGERY WORK --
BUT A LOT OF THESE CONCEPTS
OF WHAT WE HAVE CONSIDERED DRUDGERY WORK, COMPUTERS
AND A LOT OF ROBOTS ALREADY DO THAT.
IN THE FUTURE I THINK THAT THEY WILL CONTINUALLY DO A LOT
OF THOSE PROJECTS AND A LOT OF THOSE OBJECTS,
FOR EXAMPLE, ONE GREAT IS DRIVING.
INSTEAD OF DRIVING, MAYBE INSTEAD OF GOING COMMUTING FROM,
SAY RIVERSIDE DOWN TO LONG BEACH OR TO LA, THE IDEA WOULD BE
LIKE YOU JUST PUSH A BUTTON AND THE CAR WILL DRIVE ITSELF.
AND SO THAT GIVES THE HUMAN ABILITY
TO THINK AND BE MORE CREATIVE.
>> WELL, MOST PEOPLE CONSIDER COMMUTER TRAFFIC TO BE DRUDGERY,
I CAN ASSURE YOU OF THAT.
BUT ON THAT NOTE WE DO NEED TO TAKE A BREAK.
SO, STAY WITH US.
WHEN WE COME BACK FROM THE BREAK WE'RE GOING
TO TAKE A LOOK AT THE FLYING CARS.
STAY TUNED.
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>> EVER HEARD OF THE WORLD'S MOST AMAZING TOY, UBERSTIX?
I MEAN, CHECK IT OUT.
THE EIFFEL TOWER, THE GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE,
CARS AND ROBOTS ARE ALL AMAZING FEATS CREATED
BY MECHANICAL ENGINEERS.
NOW YOU COULD BECOME A PART OF THIS CREATIVE FIELD
WITH A DEGREE FROM CAL STATE LONG BEACH.
[ MUSIC ]
>> WELCOME BACK TO TALKING POINTS.
I'M DAVE KELLY.
MY GUEST TODAY IS DR. DAVID STOUT.
AND, DAVID, BEFORE WE WENT TO THE BREAK WE WERE TALKING
ABOUT ROBOTS DOING DRUDGERY WORK FOR US WHICH LEADS
TO THE NEXT QUESTION WHICH IS AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS
AND HOW THEY'RE GOING TO REPLACE PEOPLE IN, IN THE WORKFORCE.
AND A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT THAT:
HOW AUTOMATION WILL CREATE THIS MASSIVE CONSTANT UNEMPLOYMENT
OF FOLKS WHO DEPENDED UPON THE JOBS THAT NOW CAN BE DONE FASTER
AND BETTER, AND SO FORTH, BY MACHINES, THAT --
I GUESS THAT BRINGS UP ANOTHER POINT
WHICH IS: WHY ARE HUMANS HERE?
WE WERE TALKING ABOUT COMPUTERS AND HUMANS,
AND WE HAVE THE ADVANTAGE OVER THE COMPUTERS, FIRST OF ALL,
BECAUSE WE PROGRAM THE COMPUTERS SO WE'RE STILL IN CHARGE,
BUT ALSO BECAUSE WE HAVE CREATIVITY.
SO LET'S EXPLORE THAT FOR JUST A MOMENT.
WHAT WILL THE HUMAN OF THE FUTURE BE DOING IN TERMS
OF CREATIVITY AND HOW WILL THESE TOOLS UNLEASH US
AND UNLEASH OUR POTENTIAL?
>> EXACTLY.
SO AGAIN, WHEN WE WERE TALKING ABOUT THE MACHINE AND THE HUMAN,
THE BIG DIFFERENCE WAS CREATIVITY.
I BELIEVE CREATIVITY IS WHAT MAKES US A DEFINITIVE PINNACLE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MACHINE AND US.
AND CREATIVITY IS THE ABILITY TO KIND OF THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX
THAT WE WERE TALKING ABOUT.
BUT AGAIN, FIND A DETOUR IF WE'RE TRYING TO, YOU KNOW,
SOLVE A COMPLEX PROBLEM OR COME UP WITH AN IDEA.
A MACHINE IS PROGRAMMED TO GO FROM POINT A TO POINT B
IN THE LEAST, YOU KNOW, THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY.
WHEREAS HUMANS, WHAT WE REALLY DO IS WE TRY TO FIND
THAT MOST EFFICIENT WAY BUT, MORE IMPORTANTLY,
WE TRY TO BRING IN THAT EMOTION AND THAT CONCEPT.
AGAIN, WHY DO WE CONTINUALLY GO BACK TO A PERSON?
WHY DO WE CONTINUALLY, ONCE WE LEARN AN IDEA OR A CONCEPT,
WHY DO WE WANT TO AUTOMATICALLY TELL OUR FRIENDS ABOUT IT?
OR IF WE, OF COURSE, FALL IN LOVE, WHY DO WE ALWAYS SAY --
WE GET REALLY EXCITED.
A MACHINE DOESN'T HAVE THAT.
A MACHINE DOESN'T HAVE THAT CREATIVE COMPONENT,
THE IDEA OF EXPLORATION; THE IDEA OF EMOTION;
THE IDEA OF MAYBE IF I FAIL A THOUSAND TIMES, I'M STILL GOING
TO DO IT AND I'M GOING TO HOPE THAT JUST
THAT ONE TIME IT'S GOING TO WORK.
THAT MACHINE, ONCE IT SAYS IT'S GOING TO FAIL AND IT'S NOT GOING
TO WORK, IT'S NOT GOING TO DO IT AGAIN.
AND THAT, AGAIN, IS THE BIG DIFFERENCE.
AND IF YOU WANT TO, IF WE WANT TO COME UP WITH THE CONCEPT
AND THE IDEA OF WHAT ARE WE HERE FOR,
I THINK THAT REALLY WHAT WE'RE HERE FOR IS TO CREATE,
TO EDUCATE, TO LEARN, AND THAT INTELLECTUAL CURIOSITY IS THE
BIG KEY.
AND FOR US, AS A HUMAN RACE, TO EVOLVE AND CONTINUALLY EVOLVE
TO A MORE CREATIVE, A MORE UNDERSTANDING STATE.
AND SO IF WE GO BACK TO THE MACHINES,
THE MACHINES GIVES US THE ABILITY TO HAVE MORE TIME
TO CREATE, MORE TIME TO EDUCATE,
MORE TIME FOR SELF INTELLECTUAL CURIOSITY.
AND SO, I DON'T SEE HAVING MACHINES DOING DRUDGERY WORK
AS A NEGATIVE THING BUT MORE OF A POSITIVE THING
WHERE WE CAN OPEN UP THE HORIZONS AS A, AS MANKIND,
TO EVOLVE INTO A DIFFERENT STATE WHERE WE BECOME MORE CREATIVE,
MORE UNDERSTANDING, MORE COMPASSIONATE, AND REALLY RELY
ON OUR EMOTIONS TO GO TO THE NEXT STEP OF EVOLUTION.
>> AND SO, PEOPLE THAT ARE CONCERNED ABOUT AUTOMATION
AND ROBOTICS REPLACING JOBS ONLY NEED TO THINK ABOUT THE PAST,
SUCH AS WHEN AUTOMOBILES REPLACED THE HORSELESS CARR--
OR THE HORSE CARRIAGE WITH THE HORSELESS CARRIAGE
WHICH WAS THE CAR.
SO A LOT OF PEOPLE MADE THEIR LIVING ATTENDING HORSES
IN THOSE DAYS BUT ONCE WE DEVELOPED THE AUTOMOBILE A LOT
MORE JOBS OPENED UP.
IS THAT AN ANALOGY THAT WE CAN LOOK AT?
>> OH, DEFINITELY.
NOT EVEN MORE JOBS, BUT A WHOLE INDUSTRY,
AND WHOLE MULTIPLE INDUSTRIES.
IF YOU LOOK AT THE PAST AND SEE KIND OF WHERE THE PAST LED US
TO TODAY, NOT ONLY DID IT,
WE WOULD SAY CONSIDER REPLACE THE HORSES,
BUT NOW WE HAVE MORE, WE HAVE MORE INDUSTRIES.
WE HAVE THE OIL INDUSTRY.
WE HAVE THE TOURIST INDUSTRY, YOU KNOW, CARS ALLOWED US
AND HUMANS TO TRAVEL FARTHER DISTANCES THAN A, A [INAUDIBLE]
AND BUGGY WAS GOING TO BE ABLE TO.
NOW YOU HAVE A TRAVEL INDUSTRY THAT OCCURRED.
YOU HAVE, YOU KNOW, IT EVEN AFFECTED THE ECONOMIC STANDING
JUST BE-- NOW YOU CAN GO FROM POINT A,
POINT B AT A FASTER PACE.
NOW I CAN GET THAT MILK FROM THAT FARMER 20,
30 MILES AWAY AND HAVE FRESH MILK.
AND SO NOW WE HAVE THE FOOD INDUSTRY THAT'S
DIRECTLY IMPACTED.
SO MAYBE THE SMALL DIFFERENCE OR THE SMALL CHANGE
FROM A TRANSITION TO A HORSE AND CARRIAGE
TO A CAR ACTUALLY HAD MULTIPLE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL,
AND CULTURE IMPACTS THAT WE CAN EVEN SEE TODAY.
>> AND OF COURSE NOW WE HAVE THE CARS JAMMING THE FREEWAY
BUT THEY'RE GOING TO BE SELF-DRIVING,
AS YOU MENTIONED EARLIER AND --
>> WE HOPE.
>> WE'LL BE ABLE TO SLEEP WHILE THE CAR DOES ALL THE WORK.
>> OR BE MORE CREATIVE.
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
WE'LL BE CREATING WHILE THE CAR IS DRIVING ITSELF.
AND ON THAT NOTE, WE HAVE SOME EXAMPLES OF FLYING CARS.
FIRST OF ALL, WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A LOOK
AT THE JETSONS BACK FROM THE 1960'S.
THE LATE 60'S, OF COURSE GEORGE JETSON
AND HIS FAMILY AND THEIR FLYING CAR.
AND LET'S GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE.
THERE'S GEORGE AT THE CONTROLS, FLYING HAPPILY ON A NICE DAY.
WE GO TO THE NEXT ONE AND WE SEE THAT HE'S GOING
TO DISPATCH HIS BOY, ELROY, DOWN TO SCHOOL.
HE PUTS THE LITTLE CAPSULE AROUND HIM
AND SENDS HIM DOWN TO SCHOOL.
AND LET'S GO TO THE NEXT ONE.
THERE'S GEORGE ARRIVING AT WORK
AT HIS ELEVATED WORK STATION IN SPACE.
AND WE GO TO THE NEXT ONE AND WE SEE
THAT GEORGE LANDS APPROPRIATELY NEXT TO THE WORKPLACE
AND THERE'S A MOVING SIDEWALK THERE.
HE GETS OUT OF THE CAR AND THEN HE STARTS FOLDING THE CAR UP.
SO WE HAVE SOME SLIDES HERE THAT SHOW HOW
THAT FLYING CAR ACTUALLY FOLDS UP, BECOMES VERY COMPACT,
EVENTUALLY WE END UP WITH A BRIEFCASE
WHICH GEORGE CAN ACTUALLY PICK UP AND CARRY INTO THE WORKPLACE.
HE JUMPS ON THE MOVING SIDEWALK, GOES INTO HIS OFFICE,
PUTS HIS FEET UP ON THE DESK AND THERE WE HAVE IT.
AND THAT FLYING CAR IS THE SIZE OF A BRIEFCASE.
SO, DAVID, I DOUBT WE'LL GET THE CARS DOWN TO THE SIZE
OF A BRIEFCASE BUT APPARENTLY WE DO HAVE SOME PROTOTYPES
OF FLYING CARS.
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT FLYING CARS AT THIS POINT?
>> WELL, FLYING CARS AND THE CONCEPT HAS BEEN AROUND FOR,
ACTUALLY FOR SOME TIME.
AND THERE ARE ACTUALLY QUITE A FEW CONCEPTS
AND COMPANIES TODAY, ACTUALLY MAINLY IN EUROPE,
THAT ACTUALLY HAVE A PROTOTYPE FLYING CAR
AND I'M PRETTY SURE WE'RE GOING TO SEE SOME OF THOSE.
AND THEY HAVE BEEN FLOWN, THEY'VE BEEN DRIVEN.
AND WHAT'S REALLY COOL IS THEY'RE NOT USING FUTURE
TECHNOLOGY, BUT THEY'RE USING TECHNOLOGY TODAY THAT'S ALREADY
IN THEIR PAST AND NOW THEY'RE TRANSITIONING IT
TO A NEW WAY OF TRANSPORTATION.
AND IT'S REALLY COOL TO SEE THAT IF YOU GO TO A LOT
OF FLIGHT SHOWS OR [INAUDIBLE] SHOWS
THAT AIRPLANES YOU'LL ALWAYS SEE THIS FLYING CAR
AND THIS REALLY COOL CONCEPT WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL CAN GET
IN A CAR, THEY CAN DRIVE, THEY CAN GO TO, SAY,
A RUNWAY, THEY CAN TAKE OFF.
THEY CAN FLY TO THE NEXT RUNWAY AND GET THERE A LOT FASTER,
OF COURSE, BECAUSE THEY GO A LITTLE FASTER,
LAND AND THEN HOPEFULLY GET TO THE BUSINESS
AT THE PARTICULAR LOCATION AT HAND.
AND SO WE DO HAVE FLYING CARS TODAY.
AND IT'S REALLY COOL.
AND THE TECHNOLOGY HAS ADVANCED
WHERE THEY'RE ACTUALLY BECOMING WHAT, OF COURSE, MR. JETSON HAS,
AS THEY'RE BECOMING MORE AND MORE COMPACT.
NOT AS SMALL AS A BRIEFCASE, BUT AN ACTUAL SIZE
OF WHAT WE CONSIDER MAYBE A NORMAL SEDAN.
WHICH IS GREAT.
>> THAT'S TERRIFIC.
SO WE ACTUALLY HAPPEN TO HAVE A VIDEO RIGHT NOW OF A FLYING CAR.
>> OH, EXCELLENT.
>> AND SO LET'S GO AHEAD AND TAKE A LOOK AT THE VIDEO.
HERE IT IS.
IT'S A COMPANY BY, I BELIEVE IT'S PRONOUNCED TERREFUGIA.
AND THERE YOU SEE IT, IT ROLLS OUT LIKE A CAR.
AND IT'S ROLLING ON THE RUNWAY.
THERE'S THE PILOT, THE DRIVER SLASH PILOT, IN THE COCKPIT.
AND AGAIN, IT'S COMING DOWN THE RUNWAY.
THIS IS AT AN AIR SHOW IN OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN, I BELIEVE.
AND THERE WE SEE THE WINGS ARE FOLDING OUT,
SIMILAR TO THE BRIEFCASE THAT FOLDED UP.
NOW WE SEE THE WINGS FOLDING OUT JUST
LIKE GEORGE JETSON'S BRIEFCASE THERE.
SO, ANYWAY, ONCE THE WINGS ARE COMPLETELY OPEN
AND OUT THEN WE'RE GOING TO TAKE OFF.
AND THEN WE'VE GOT A PROPELLER.
WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE WITH THAT PROPELLER, DAVID?
>> THAT PROPELLER IS JUST SUCKING AIR IN
AND ACTUALLY CREATING A THRUST, OR CREATING A DIFFERENCE IN WIND
AND INCREASING THE WIND SO THERE CAN BE A DIFFERENCE
IN PRESSURE CHANGE BETWEEN THE
ABOVE THE WING AND BELOW THE WING.
AND SO THAT'S REALLY THE GENERAL CONCEPT
OF HOW AN AIRPLANE WORKS.
IT'S SOMETHING CALLED BERNOULLI'S EQUATION
OR BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE.
AND SO THAT PROPELLER WING JUST SUCKS AIR IN AND ALLOWS THE AIR
TO HAVE A DIFFERENCE IN SPEED
ABOVE THE AIR WING AND BELOW THE WING.
>> AND SO WE SEE THEM FLYING HAPPILY THROUGH SPACE.
A LITTLE BIT LIKE GEORGE JETSON THERE I GUESS.
BUT, SO SOMETHING LIKE THIS, AS YOU SEE IT'S FLYING,
SO IT'S ALREADY A REALITY.
YOU MENTIONED THAT THIS TECHNOLOGY GOES BACK
TO HOW LONG AGO?
>> THE IDEA AND CONCEPT HAS LITERALLY BEEN
AROUND SINCE THE 1990'S.
WHICH IS GREAT AND BEFORE THIS COMPANY WAS THERE WAS ACTUALLY
ANOTHER COMPANY AND THERE'S A COUPLE OF COMPANIES
IN THE UNITED STATES WHERE THEY ALREADY HAD A CAR
BUT IT LOOKS KIND OF A CAR WITH A LITTLE TRAILER
LIKE A FIFTH WHEEL THAT WAS ATTACHED TO IT.
SO IT WOULD DRIVE ON THE FREEWAY AND THEN WHEN IT GOT
ON THE FREEWAY, YOU KNOW, IT DROVE TO A PARTICULAR AIRPORT
AND THE INDIVIDUAL ACTUALLY HAD TO GET OUT AND ATTACH THE WINGS
TO THE SIDE OF THE AIR -- TO THE SIDE OF THE CAR AND THEN HE HAD
TO TRANSITION FROM A CAR TO AN AIRPLANE AND THEN THEY TOOK OFF.
BUT WHAT'S REALLY COOL ABOUT TECHNOLOGY NOW JUST LOOKING
AT THAT CAR, I MEAN LOOKING AT THAT AERO-CAR,
LET'S CALL IT AN AERO-CAR, IS THAT THE INDIVIDUAL,
OR THE DRIVER, DOESN'T HAVE TO DO THAT TRANSITION.
AND SO YOU HAVE THE TRANSITION FROM A CAR
TO AN AIRPLANE REALLY FAST.
AND SO THE IDEA AND CONCEPT HAS BEEN AROUND FOR A LONG TIME.
ACTUALLY IF YOU THINK ABOUT IT, GEORGE JETSON IS THE ONE
THAT CAME UP WITH THIS FLYING CAR CONCEPT IN THE 1960'S.
AND SO THE TECHNOLOGY HAS ADVANCED
TO WHERE NOW WE CAN ACTUALLY SEE THESE THINGS ACTUALLY COME
TO PASS.
>> AND WE HAVE ANOTHER EXAMPLE HERE WITH THIS SLIDE
AND A SERIES OF SLIDES TO FOLLOW.
THIS IS ANOTHER COMPANY THAT HAS A FLYING CAR WHICH ALSO HAS
THAT REAR PROPELLER SYSTEM.
LET'S GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE.
THERE WE SEE IT FROM THE FRONT.
IT ACTUALLY DOES LOOK LIKE A REAL CAR IF YOU SEE IT
FROM THE FRONT WHEN THE WINGS ARE FOLDED IN.
AND WE'LL GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE AND WE'LL SEE THAT THERE IS THE,
WHAT WE REFER TO AS THE, COCKPIT
OR THE DRIVER AND PASSENGER SEATS.
AND WE'LL GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE AND SEE WHAT LOOKS
LIKE THE COCKPIT THERE.
SO, DAVID, DO WE HAVE TO BECOME PILOTS IN ORDER
TO OPERATE THESE VEHICLES?
>> WELL, RIGHT NOW THE REGULATIONS IS YES.
YOU ACTUALLY HAVE TO HAVE A PILOT'S LICENSE AS WELL
AS A DRIVER'S LICENSE TO DRIVE AND FLY.
AND I HOPE THAT CONTINUALLY STANDS AND STAYS IN THE FUTURE
IF WE DO A LOT OF THESE POLICIES AND REGULATIONS
WHEN THIS DOES COME TO PASS.
THAT WOULD BE A GREAT IDEA BECAUSE DRIVING IS VERY,
VERY DIFFERENT THAN FLYING.
YOU HAVE FOUR DEGREES FREEDOM: LEFT, RIGHT, FORWARD,
AND BACKWARDS IN DRIVING.
AND WHEN YOU FLY YOU ALSO HAVE TO WORRY
ABOUT GOING UP AND DOWN.
SO, HOPEFULLY, IN THE FUTURE I WOULD SAY, "YES."
>> OKAY. LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT A COUPLE MORE SLIDES HERE.
WE'VE GOT THAT CAR IN FLIGHT.
YOU CAN SEE FLYING OVER A TOWN THERE.
IF WE GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE, ANOTHER SHOT
OF THE SAME VEHICLE FLYING OVER THE COUNTRYSIDE.
AND THEN IN THE NEXT SLIDE, I BELIEVE IT'S FLYING
OVER A FIELD, SO THAT IT'S ADAPTABLE.
IT CAN FLY ALMOST ANYWHERE.
AND SO THAT'S THE FUTURE BUT THE FUTURE IS NOW, I GUESS.
>> YES, THE FUTURE IS DEFINITELY NOW AND THAT'S WHAT SO COOL
ABOUT THINKING ABOUT THESE THINGS
THAT HAVE, THAT ARE TO PASS.
AND IF YOU SEE WHAT'S ACTUALLY HAPPENING, THAT REALITY
OF THE FUTURE IS IN EXISTENCE TODAY.
>> REAL QUICKLY BEFORE WE TRANSITION TO ENTERTAINMENT
AND COMMUNICATIONS, WHAT ABOUT BULLET TRAINS, MONORAILS,
AND THOSE SORTS OF THINGS?
A LOT OF PEOPLE THOUGHT WHEN DISNEY LAND PUT
IN THE MONORAIL, "THAT'S THE FUTURE."
BUT IT HASN'T REALLY HAPPENED HERE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
BUT WHAT ABOUT BULLET TRAINS AND FAST TRAINS?
>> YEAH. THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION THAT YOU ASK BECAUSE ACTUALLY
IN 2013 THE, USING THE MAGNETIC LEVITRONS,
OR THIS MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM IS ACTUALLY
IN EXISTENCE TODAY.
WE'RE USING THESE BULLET TRANSFERS IN JAPAN.
IN 2013 THEY ACTUALLY HAD A BULLET TRAIN
THAT WENT 310 MILES AN HOUR.
AND SO, AGAIN, THIS IDEA OF HAVING BULLET TRAINS
AND MONORAILS IS IN EXISTENCE TODAY.
AND THEY'RE WORKING.
IT JUST DEPENDS ON, OF COURSE, WHERE YOU GO IN THE WORLD,
WHERE THIS FUTURE TECHNOLOGY IS ACTUALLY COMING TO PASS.
>> AND WHAT ABOUT THE MOVING SIDEWALKS
AND THE PEOPLE-MOVING SIDEWALKS?
WE SEE THEM IN AIRPORTS BUT WE DON'T SEE THEM ON CITY STREETS.
IS THAT EVER GOING TO HAPPEN?
>> WELL, I PERSONALLY HOPE THEY DON'T BECAUSE I LIKE TO WALK
AND I LIKE TO USE MY LEGS AND MY ARMS
AND BE AN ACTIVE, CREATIVE INDIVIDUAL.
BUT YOU NEVER KNOW.
I THINK THAT THERE'S A LOT OF REGULATIONS THAT WILL COME
INTO PLAY FOR THAT BUT THERE ARE CITIES AND TOWNS
THAT ARE REALLY CONSIDERING DOING THIS WHERE YOU JUST KIND
OF SIT ON A PARTICULAR PEOPLE MOVER OBJECT AND YOU MOVE ON.
WE ALREADY HAVE MOVING SYSTEMS ALREADY.
THERE'S A NEW INNOVATION TOY THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY GO
TO THE MALL AND THERE'S A KIND OF SITTER LIKE A SMALL SEGWAY.
>> SEGWAY.
>> WHERE YOU JUST SIT --
YOU STAND UP AND YOU JUST LEAN FORWARD AND YOU CAN GO
TO YOUR PARTICULAR LOCATION.
MY -- SOME OF MY STUDENTS ACTUALLY HAVE THESE THINGS
AND I ASKED THEM, "WHERE DID YOU GET THAT?"
THEY SAID, "OH, WE JUST GET IT AT THE MALL FOR $200."
AND IT'S LIKE -- IT IS HAPPENING WHICH IS REALLY COOL.
>> ONE LAST SEGUE.
WE'RE RUNNING OUT OF TIME.
>> YES.
>> WE ONLY GOT ABOUT 30 SECONDS.
WE WERE GOING TO TALK ABOUT ENTERTAINMENT.
HOW ARE MOVIES GOING TO CHANGE?
>> I THINK MOVIES ARE GOING TO CHANGE IN THE CONCEPT
OF IT'S GOING TO BE MORE INTERACTIVE TO THE AUDIENCE.
SO WE'RE TALKING ABOUT HOLOGRAMS, 3D IMAGES,
WHERE THE AUDIENCE CHOOSES AND DICTATES
WHERE THE ENDING IS GOING TO BE.
AND SO WE'RE LIVING IN AN AGE,
MORE IMPORTANTLY NOT EVEN AN INFORMATION AGE,
BUT A CREATIVE AGE WHERE THE INDIVIDUAL WANTS
TO BE INTERACTIVE WITH THE MEDIUM THAT THEY'RE GOING TO DO.
AND SO, IF WE'RE LOOKING AT FILM AND PRODUCTION,
THE IDEA OF AN INDIVIDUAL CREATING A MOVIE AND COMING
UP WITH A CONCEPT AND IDEA OR THE AUDIENCE INTERACTING
WITH THE MOVIE IS DEFINITELY GOING TO COME TO PASS
WHICH IT ALREADY DOES IF YOU GO TO AMUSEMENT PARKS.
BUT WITH THAT NOTION I STILL THINK THAT THE IDEA
OF CREATIVITY AND GOING TO MOVIES AS WE COME IN THE 1980'S
AND 1990'S IS STILL GOING TO BE IN EXISTENCE.
>> AND ON THAT NOTE WE'LL HAVE TO CLOSE.
THANKS AGAIN FOR BEING HERE TODAY.
>> THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THIS OPPORTUNITY.
>> AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ON TALKING POINTS.
JOIN US AGAIN SOON FOR OUR NEXT EPISODE.
UNTIL THEN, I'M DAVE KELLY.
HAVE A NICE DAY.
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