Name: ペルシャ人とギリシャ人。クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #5 (The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:16:35.000Z
Duration: 11 min 39 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Hi, I’m John Green, this is Crash Course: World History, and today we’re going to

do some legitimate comp. civ., for those of you into that kind of thing. Stan, I can’t

程度の副詞

help but feel that we have perhaps too many globes.

That’s better. Today we’re going to learn about the horrible totalitarian Persians and

But of course we already know this story: There were some wars in which no one wore

any shirts and everyone was reasonably fit; the Persians were bad; the Greeks were good;

Socrates and Plato were awesome; the Persians didn’t even philosophize; The West is the

Let’s start with the Persian empire, which became the model for pretty much all land-based

empires throughout the world. Except for—wait for it—the Mongols.

Much of what we know about the Persians and their empire come from an outsider writing

about them which is something we now call history, and one of the first true historians

was Herodotus, whose famous book The Persian Wars talks about the Persians quite a bit.

Now the fact that Herodotus was a Greek is important because it introduces us to the

idea of historical bias. But more on that in a second.

So the Persian Achaemenid dynasty- Achaemenid? Hold on...

[audible computer pronunciation] AkEEmenid or AkEHmenid

So they’re both right? I was right twice!

Right, so the Persian AkEEmenid or AkEHmenid dynasty was founded in 539 BCE by King Cyrus

Cyrus took his nomadic warriors and conquered most of Mesopotamia, including the Babylonians,

which ended a sad period in Jewish history called The Babylonian Exile, thus ensuring

But his son, Darius the First, was even greater: He extended Persian control east to our old

friend the Indus Valley, west to our new friend Egypt, and north to Crash Course newcomer

By the way, there were Greeks in Anatolia called Ionian Greeks who will become relevant

So even if you weren’t Persian, the Persian Empire was pretty dreamy.

For one thing, the Persians ruled with a light touch: Like conquered kingdoms were allowed

to keep their kings and their elites as long as they pledged allegiance to the Persian

King and paid taxes, which is why the Persian king was known as The King of Kings.

Plus taxes weren’t too high and the Persians improved infrastructure with better roads

and they had this pony express-like mail service of which Herodotus said:

“… they are stayed neither by snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing

their appointed course with all speed.”

And the Persians embraced freedom of religion. Like they were Zoroastrian, which has a claim

to being the world’s first monotheistic religion. It was really Zoroastrianism that

introduced to the good/evil dualism we all know so well. You know: god and satan or harry

But the Persians weren’t very concerned about converting people of the empire to their

faith. Plus, Zoroastrianism forbid slavery, and so slavery was almost unheard of in the

All in all, if you had to live in the 5th century BCE, the Persian Empire was probably

the best place to do it. Unless, that is, you believe Herodotus and the Greeks.

We all know about the Greeks: Architecture. Philosophy Literature. The very word music

comes from Greek, as does so much else in contemporary culture.

Greek poets and mathematicians playwrights and architects and philosophers founded a

culture we still identify with. And they introduced us to many ideas, from democracy to fart jokes.

And the Greeks gave the west our first dedicated history, they gave us our vocabulary for talking

Plus they gifted us our idealization of democracy, which comes from the government they had in

Mr. Green, Mr. Green, Mr. Green, Mr Green—did you say fart jokes?

Uhhh. You don’t ask about Doric, Ionian, or Corinthian columns. You don’t ask about

Plato’s allegory of the cave. It’s all scatological humor with you—it’s time

for the open letter? Really? Already? Alright.

[rolls in] An open letter [the whoopee cushion sounds]- Stan! To Aristophanes.

Dear Aristophanes, --Oh right, I have to check the secret compartment.

Stan, what... oh. Thank you, Stan. It’s fake dog poo. How thoughtful.

So, good news and bad news, Aristophanes. 2,300 years after your death, this is the

good news,you’re still a reasonably famous. Only 11 of your 40 plays survived, but even

so, you’re called the Father of Comedy, there are scholars devoted to your work.

Now, the bad news: Even though your plays are well-translated and absolutely hilarious,

students don’t like to read them in schools. There always like, why do we gotta read this

And this must be particularly galling to you because so much of what you did in your career

was make fun of boring crap, specifically in the form of theatrical tragedies. Plus,

you frequently used actual crap to make jokes.

Such as when you had the chorus in The Acharnians imagining a character in your play throwing

You, Aristophanes, who wrote that under every stone lurks a politician, who called wealth

You, who are responsible for the following conversation:

Praxagora: I all to have a share of everything and everything to be in common; there will

no longer be either rich or poor; [...] I shall begin by making land, money, everything

that is private property, common to all. [...]

And yet you’re seen as homework! Drudgery! That, my friend, is a true tragedy. On the

upside, we did take care of slavery. It only took 2,000 years.

When we think about the high point of Greek culture, exemplified by the Parthenon and

the plays of Aeschylus, what we’re really thinking about is Athens

in the 4th century BCE, right after the Persian Wars.

But Greece was way more than Athens. Greeks lived in city-states which consisted of a

Most of these city-states featured at least some form of slavery and in all of them citizenship

Also, Each of the city-states had its own form of government, ranging from very democratic—unless

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ペルシャ人とギリシャ人。クラッシュ・コース世界史 #5 (The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5)

phrase

awesome

embrace

ancient

ペルシャ人とギリシャ人。クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #5 (The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5)

phrase

awesome

embrace

ancient

ペルシャ人とギリシャ人。クラッシュ・コース世界史 #5 (The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5)