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  • Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to be looking at the IELTS, that

  • scary test a lot of you have to do. We're going to look at, specifically, one type of

  • reading question for the academic reading. So this isn't for the general; it's for the

  • academic reading. We're going to talk about the question that has to do with "true, false,

  • or not given". So this is a specific question. It may or may not be on your test, but I think,

  • personally, this is one of the most difficult questions on the reading section of the IELTS.

  • So I'm going to give you some tips and strategies on how to do well on this section. Okay, so

  • let's get started. In this section, what you are going to find

  • is a reading passage. So you will have a long passage on maybe cybercrime, maybe food security,

  • on the history of the Internet -- it can be on anything. After the passage, there will

  • be some statements, some facts, okay? What you need to do is you need to say if the fact

  • matches -- if it's true based on the reading, if it's false based on the reading, or if

  • the information is not given in the reading. So I will explain "true", "false", "not given"

  • in detail in just a minute. Okay. What else to know about the "true, false, or not given"?

  • Another important thing about this question is we're not talking about the question that

  • has to do with the writer's opinion. There's a very similar question on the IELTS that

  • asks about the writer's opinion. That's the "yes, no, not given". This is only on "true,

  • false, not given", not "yes, no, not given". Just -- hopefully, that will clear up any

  • confusion. Okay. So let's get started. What do they mean by "true" in these questions?

  • When would you write "true"? I will show you. You can write "true" or "T". "T" is shorter.

  • If there is a fact and it is clearly written, you write "T". If the fact is clearly written

  • in the reading, you would write "T". You'll often see synonyms, and, again, write "T"

  • only if you actually see this fact written. If you know the fact is true, but it's not

  • written, don't write "true". Only write "true" if, with your eyes, you read it, and you see

  • it in the fact. You see it in the reading; write "true". So I'll give you an example

  • of this type of question. Here is just a part of a passage. The reading

  • is a lot longer, but here is a short version that you might find on the IELTS. "This increase

  • in cybercrime has alarmed many experts." So it would be a long passage. You might see

  • something like that. And then, at the end of the reading, one of the statements you

  • might see might say, "Cyber crime is on the rise." You need to say if this is "true",

  • "false", or "not given". So how do you know if it's "true", "false", or "not given"?

  • My advice to you is first, read the statement: "Cyber crime is on the rise"; underline any

  • key words. "Cyber crime" -- this is a keyword. "is on the 'rise'" -- that's a keyword, okay?

  • Then you go back to the reading passage, and you quickly scan for these words or synonyms.

  • What are "synonyms"? "Synonyms" are words that mean the same thing but are different

  • words. So what is a synonym of "rise"? "Increase", "go up", okay? So let's see if we can find

  • "cyber crime" or "rise". So I would scan the passage -- oh, the word "increase", "cybercrime".

  • So "rise", "increase", okay. So I found a synonym. Now, it's important for me to read

  • very carefully to see if there are any contradictions. What does the sentence say? Does it really

  • match? "This increase in cyber crime has alarmed many experts." "Cyber crime is on the rise."

  • Both of these -- both the reading passage and the fact or the statement are saying cyber

  • crime is increasing. It's going up. So that would mean it's true. So I could write a "T"

  • beside this, "true". Okay. One thing to look out for with "true": Sometimes you will see

  • words like "some", "all", "only", "never", "usually", "often", "sometimes". Be careful

  • with these words, okay? Because if it says, "Some people in Canada like to eat poutine",

  • and you see the sentence saying, "Poutine is always eaten by Canadians", even though

  • you see the two words -- oh, "poutine", "poutine" -- one says "always", one says "some". So

  • this would not be a true statement. So be on the lookout for "some", "all", "only",

  • "never", "usually". This is where they try to trick you on the IELTS. Okay. So now, let

  • us look at "false". What does it mean if you write "false"?

  • Okay. Now, let's talk about "false". What does it mean to be "false" in this section

  • of the IELTS? If you write "false" for the fact at the bottom after the reading passage,

  • it means you're saying the fact is opposite. So if you read the reading passage, you read

  • the fact, the fact says, "All cats are black." The reading passage says, "Not all cats are

  • black." That would obviously be "false", okay? So the fact is opposite. And, again, you have

  • to look out for words like "all" versus "some", "often" versus "always". This is how they

  • trick you. So if it says, "All children should eat broccoli" -- if that's what the fact says.

  • In the reading passage, if it says, "Some children should eat broccoli", this would

  • be where you would write "false". So let's look at an example.

  • Let me go to this side so you can see better. "The first personal computer was invented

  • in the 1970s." So this is what it says in the reading passage. It's a long passage,

  • imagine, on personal computers, and you come to this section. Now, you look at the fact

  • afterwards. So you finish reading. Here is the fact. "Personal computers were first invented

  • in 1990." Is this true, false, or not given? Well, what would I do? First thing I would

  • do -- and also I should point out, it's not good to read the passage first. It's better,

  • in my opinion, to look at the fact at the bottom of the passage and then look for information

  • in the reading passage. This will save you some time. Now, let's do this how I would

  • do it if I was doing the IELTS. First, I would look at the statement: "Personal computers

  • were first invented in 1990." I would underline keywords. So we're looking at "personal computers";

  • we're looking at when they were "invented"; and we're looking at a year. Okay. So I might

  • try to think of different words for "invented" in my head quickly: "created", "manufactured"

  • -- maybe not true synonyms, but similar -- and "1990". So then, I would do my scan looking

  • for the keywords quickly. "Invented", something that looks like "invented". Okay, "personal

  • computer", "invented" -- same word, that's easy -- "1970s". Now, I look to see if there's

  • a match. I read this carefully, and I compare. "The first personal computer was invented

  • in the 1970s." "Personal computers were first invented in 1990." "1990", "1970s", this statement

  • is "false". So it says the opposite, okay? So now, let's look at the hardest choice,

  • "not given". Okay, so now, let's look at "not given" or

  • "NG". This is, I think, why many people have a very difficult time on this part of the

  • test. Usually, "truth" isn't so difficult -- finding things that are true. But the difference

  • between "false" and "not given" can really confuse a lot of people. So let's look at

  • what they mean by "not given". Okay, so you write "not given" if the fact is not written

  • in the text, okay? So if it's not there -- if it was written, it would be "true", so it's

  • not "true". And also, you do not see the total opposite of the fact written. If you see the

  • total opposite, it's "false". But if it's neither "true" nor "false", it's "not given".

  • All right? So let's look at an example to see what I mean by this.

  • Let me switch sides. Okay. So, again, you'll have a long reading passage, and this is just

  • a section of it. So, "Although once eradicated from Toronto, bed bugs have made a comeback

  • and are now considered one of the leading pests in the city." Okay? So the first thing

  • I would do is I would -- I wouldn't even bother reading the reading passage yet; I would go

  • straight to the question. So here's the question. So I look at the fact. The fact says, "Rats

  • are the most common nuisance Torontonians face." Okay. Now, I go back; I scan. Well,

  • first, let's underline "rats", "most common", "nuisance", and "Torontonians". So these are

  • the keywords. So I'm going to scan, scan, scan, scan. "Although once eradicated from

  • Toronto -- okay, so I see the word 'Toronto' -- bed bugs have made a comeback and are now

  • considered one of the leading pests in the city." Okay. So this talks about bed bugs.

  • This talks about rats. I don't see anything here about rats. Now, could this be -- could

  • this one be false? Because is it bed bugs are the most common pest that Torontonians

  • face? Well, if I read this, "bed bugs have made a comeback and are now considered one

  • of the leading pests." This does not mean that they are the most common. There could

  • be something that's more common than them. Maybe rats are the most common nuisance, okay?

  • So you've got to be careful with words like "one of the". "One of the leading pests",

  • "the most common". So if I look at this question -- oh, the other thing I forgot to mention:

  • When you the check for synonyms, in this example, "pest" and "nuisance", these are synonyms.

  • So that helps lead me to this area. So in this case, I see nothing about rats being

  • the most common nuisance. It doesn't say, "Rats are the most common nuisance." It also

  • doesn't say they are not. So in this case, my answer would be "not given".

  • Now, there are some important things I want to go over just quickly. One of the things

  • I want to tell you is even if you read a statement -- okay, you read the passage, you read the

  • statement -- maybe you study rats at university. Maybe you're an expert, and you know for a

  • fact rats are the most common nuisance Torontonians face. "This is 100 percent true. I know it."

  • If you don't see it in the reading passage, it doesn't matter if it is true or not, okay?

  • Even if you know it's true, if you don't see it, the answer is "not given", okay? So that's

  • very important. Another important point is don't spend too

  • much time on each fact because what can happen is maybe there's no information. Maybe it

  • is a "not given", but if you think "I've got to find it", "I've got to find it", "I've

  • got to find it", and you keep searching, you'll waste a lot of time, and the answer might

  • just be it's not there. So it's better to spend some time on it, just a little time,

  • and guess if you don't know. You can always put a star and go back after. So maybe, if

  • I didn't know this, I'd put a star; I'd move on to the next question, and then I'd take

  • a guess. So that's also a very important point. Okay, so I hope you come visit us at our website:

  • www.engvid.com. There, you can practice a test which will hopefully help you prepare

  • for your IELTS. I hope you will feel more comfortable with this type of question after

  • practicing our test. So until next time.

Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, we are going to be looking at the IELTS, that

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IELTSリーディングの攻略法。True, False, Not Given (IELTS Reading strategies: True, False, Not Given)

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    thomas に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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