Name: Why Japan Decided to Attack America - Pacific War #0.7 DOCUMENTARY
Uploaded: 2022-06-27T08:16:17.000Z
Duration: 19 min 11 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

With war raging both in Europe and in China,  

様態の副詞

prying eyes around the world eagerly followed  the events that were unfolding in front of them.  

In the US in particular, many still advocated  for anti-war sentiment, but President Franklin  

Delano Roosevelt had decided that he was not  going to tolerate anymore the aggressions of  

the Japanese or the Germans. In 1941, he would  finally draw a line to stop Japan that would  

surely risk war. And although FDR didn't want to  fight against the Japanese, or at least not yet,  

this was a risk worth taking for the preservation  of democracy around the world; a risk that would  

inevitably ignite war in the Pacific. Welcome  to our final prelude of the Pacific War,  

as the growing tensions between the US and Japan  eventually ended in another act of aggression.

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It is mid-1940, and Great Britain and China  stand alone against the full might of Japan  

and the Axis. In Asia, the now four-year-long  conflict was completely depleting the resources  

of the Japanese Empire, even though Japan already  relied on other countries for the resources needed  

for its war material. The Americans alone provided  them with 54.4% of their weapons and supplies,  

76% of their aircraft, 59.7% of their  scrap iron, 60.5% of their petroleum,  

and all of Japan's lubricating oil, machine tools,  special steel, and high-test aircraft petrol.  

Furthermore, Communist and Nationalist  guerrillas constantly harassed Japanese troops  

and sabotaged their infrastructure in occupied  territories, and with each passing campaign, more  

and more soldiers were left behind to join these  underground groups. The Communists in particular  

were very capable of waging guerrilla warfare, as  they had been doing so since the last two decades,  

and their experience allowed them to become ever  more influential in the regions they defended,  

something that was not seen very fondly by  their Nationalist allies. To fight against these  

guerrillas, the Japanese would resort to puppet  units of the new Reorganized National Government  

of the Republic of China, uniting all previous  collaborationist states under Wang Jingwei's  

central government. But the Red Army would also  prove that it was capable of executing important  

military operations, with Peng Dehuai's Hundred  Regiments Offensive being launched in late August.  

Using a total of 400000 soldiers, albeit poorly  armed and equipped, over 115 regiments of the  

Eighth Route Army, commanded by Zhu  De, would attack railways and roads  

and would target isolated Japanese strongpoints  and forts all along with northern China. 

The offensive would be very successful, inflicting  more than 20000 casualties, taking almost 3000  

strongholds, sabotaging many bridges , mines , and  tunnels , and destroying large tracts of railways.  

The operation was controversial as Peng Dehuai  initiated it without authorization from Mao  

Zedong and would be criticized harshly for this.  Although the Japanese response to guerrillas had  

always been brutal, the defeat against the  Communists had an unexpected consequence:  

Japan would adopt the Three Alls Policy, as  their forces would then start to kill all,  

loot all, and burn all . With this bloodier  response against Chinese resistance,  

many war crimes would be committed by Japanese  soldiers and resentment would erupt once again  

between Nationalists and Communists, as Chiang  Kai-Shek's followers blamed the Red Army,  

and Mao Zedong blamed Peng Dehuai,  for the harsher Japanese acts.  

Furthermore, from October to December, Japanese  counterattacks would successfully regain  

control of railway lines and would inflict  heavy casualties on the Eighth Route Army. 

At this point, Japan knew that prolonging the war  would be dangerous if foreign powers decided to  

intervene, so it needed to completely cut off the  enemy capital at Chongqing from the foreign aid  

that it was receiving. Since the outbreak of the  war, the British and Americans had been sending  

war material by sea to the main Chinese ports  and Hong Kong, as well as through the railway  

connecting French Indochina to Yunnan and South  Guangxi. Moreover, the Soviets, long-time rivals  

of Japan in the East, were also sending much  aid through the Old Silk Road, although this  

would only last until the outbreak of Operation  Barbarossa. With most of the main Chinese ports  

already occupied and the British possessions in  China surrounded, the Japanese then prepared for  

an offensive against Indochina, the last Chinese  lifeline. In that regard, they had advanced up  

to the Indochinese border by late July, taking  the key district of Longzhou in South Guangxi. 

Already back in June, the Fall of France had also  allowed Tokyo to issue a series of ultimatums  

demanding the closure of all supply lines to  China, among other things. The Indochinese  

government had no other alternative but to comply,  and by September 22, the Japanese had successfully  

negotiated to station 6000 troops in Tonkin and  to move 25000 soldiers through Tonkin to Yunnan.  

The Indochina Expeditionary Army under General  Nishimura Takuma was then formed, starting to  

travel to their destination on the same day.  But at the same time, General Kuno Seiichi's  

22nd Army at Nanning independently invaded Annam  and started to fight local forces across the  

border . The fighting ended when General Maurice  Martin's Indochinese forces got surrounded at Lạng  

Sơn [suun], finally surrendering on September 25.  Furthermore, the IJN blockaded the Gulf of Tonkin  

and Nishimura landed in Indochina, fighting a  series of minor battles at Dong Tac, Haiphong,  

and Hanoi. By the evening of September 26, Kuno's  forces had reached Lao Cai at the Yunnan border  

and Indochinese resistance had crumbled.  The invasion was a huge success,  

but it was against Tokyo's wishes due to  the agreement that the Japanese had reached.  

All occupied towns would be then returned and  Kuno would be punished for his insubordination,  

although the Japanese were now undisputed  in the region and could then station 40000  

soldiers in northern Indochina. But the  Japanese success wouldn't be long-lasting,  

as the British consequently decided in October to  open the Burma Road, connecting the Burmese city  

of Lashio with Yunnan's capital at Kunming.  Thus, to the relief of Chiang's government,  

a new lifeline was created, allowing the Chinese  to continue to resist for the next few years. 

Moreover, General Sonobe Waichiro's 11th Army  tried to capitalize on the last victory in Yichang  

to completely take over the province of Hubei.  On November 25, the Japanese offensive began,  

striking against the Chinese defenses east  and west of the Hsiang River and enjoying  

some initial successes. But, in coordination  with local guerrillas, Li Zongren's forces would  

manage to stop the invaders and counterattack,  forcing the Japanese to retreat by November 30.  

Meanwhile, the US government was outraged and  alarmed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina,  

so President Roosevelt would then double  the amount of aid delivered to China  

and would order the evacuation  of all Americans in the Far East.  

Although the Americans were still woefully  unprepared for a war in the Pacific,  

they now began to see that a confrontation  with the Japanese was very possible. 

Japan's 1940 move into Vichy-controlled Indochina  along with its war with China, withdrawal from the  

League of Nations, alliance with Germany and  Italy, and increasing militarization raised  

tension and induced the United States to intensify  its measures to restrain Japan's economy.  

Scrap-metal shipments to Japan were embargoed  and the Panama Canal closed to Japanese  

trade . Despite these moves, in early 1941 Japan  moved into southern Indochina, thereby threatening  

British Malaya, North Borneo, and Brunei. On December 29, FDR then delivered his tough  

Arsenal of Democracy speech against Germany and  Japan, clearly identifying them as the enemies of  

democracy and finally dropping the neutrality  doctrine that had been sponsored in the 30s.  

Consequently, American industries would start  to arm and support China and the Allies in  

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Why Japan Decided to Attack America - Pacific War #0.7 DOCUMENTARY

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