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  • If you think about it, DNA is basically nature's hard drive.

  • You are the result of a three-dimensional computer program, written in tiny compounds

  • wound up inside the nucleus of all your cells.

  • It's a set of instructions, coded and saved that our bodies write and read to build proteins,

  • construct cells, and perform thousands of other tasks.

  • Genetic engineering is basically us trying to hack our own hard drives, and we're learning

  • more about the possibilities of accomplishing this every day.

  • But, way back in 1964, a Soviet Physicist named Mikhail Neiman concocted the idea that

  • we could use the compact, efficient, storage system of DNA to store not nature's code

  • but whatever we wanted!

  • So far, we've been able to decypher parts of nature's DNA programming… a gene here,

  • a few lines of the code there.

  • We haven't decoded all of this yet, but scientists do understand how the storage system

  • works now.

  • Meaning, we're real close to putting whatever pictures or files we want into DNA-storage.

  • I know that sounds crazy, and it is.

  • But it's possible.

  • In 2013 scientists proved they could write computer data into synthetic DNA with 0 errors!

  • There's a lot there, so let's unpack that.

  • First: They had to teach the computer to speak DNA

  • Machine language is binary, zeros and ones, while DNA is A, T, G, and C. I emailed with

  • Bill Peck, CTO of Twist Bioscience (they make synthetic DNA).

  • And he explained how they convert from binary to DNA code.

  • Basically, like anything in tech these days, they use an algorithm.

  • The nice thing is, even though DNA only pairs A with T and G with C -- these letters can

  • also be reversed, AT and TA are different -- this means the data is more dense; there's

  • more data in less space!

  • The algorithm does all that translation for them.

  • Then they had to create a piece of DNA that reflected the computer data.

  • It's the same DNA that you'd find in your cells, but they made it in a lab.

  • Peck described it assimilar to stacking four colors of Lego bricks into segments.”

  • Yes, it really is that simple.

  • To get the data back out of the DNA, scientists would sequence it just like they would with

  • any other piece of DNA that showed up in a lab.

  • And the whole reason they want to do this in the first place is they can put a LOT of

  • data into a tiny space.

  • With a bit of chemistry and a bit of computer engineering, this synthetic DNA can store

  • data for say -- a trip to Mars, or for long-term storage of any kind!

  • Stretched out, the DNA molecule can be three meters long, but wound up, it's tiny.

  • This alone makes it an ideal long-term storage system.

  • But on top of that, hard drives, CDs, flash drives or tape backups (commonly used by major

  • data centers) all need special climate-controlled facilities, with constant maintenance.

  • Meanwhile, DNA can survive with minimal effort under a rock for millennia.

  • A paper in Science showed a single gram of DNA can store 215 petabytes of data.

  • The equivalent to all the space in 420,000 of the most expensive MacBooks on the market.

  • But Peck believes the upper limit is higher.

  • One.

  • Zettabyte.

  • That is a LOT of data.

  • It's 1.1 trillion gigabytes.

  • All the internet traffic in the whole world in 2016 added up to 1.1 zettabytes.

  • If you filled the iPhone 7 with that data, you'd need 8.6 billion iPhones.

  • Stacked together like dominos, they would go around the planet 1.5 times.

  • This could theoretically fit in ONE GRAM of DNA.

  • The problem is, DNA storage is just too expensive, and takes too long right now.

  • But while in 2013 they could encode a few hundred kilobytes, now in 2017 we're talking

  • zettabytes.

  • Someday, the molecules that make up all life as we know it, could be storing backups of

  • the cat videos and tweets and snaps that you definitely didn't save.

  • Or storing all vital human knowledge in case ofwell, pick your favorite apocalypse.

  • Special thanks to Twist Bioscience for their help on this episode.

  • And additional thanks to our sponsor, Domain dot com.

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  • an identity and vision for your brand.

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  • It's been a few days since we started our new look, what do you guys think?

  • If you don't know why we did it, watch this video.

  • Let us know down in the comments and if you have a science question, drop that down there

  • as well.

  • Thanks for watching, please take a second and subscribe and come fine me on Twitter

  • @tracedominguez .

If you think about it, DNA is basically nature's hard drive.

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We Could Back Up The Entire Internet On A Gram Of DNA

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    joey joey に公開 2021 年 04 月 14 日
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