Name: 第10話「耳鼻咽喉科医になりたいんですか？ (So You Want to Be an OPHTHALMOLOGIST [Ep. 10])
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T11:03:56.000Z
Duration: 15 min 13 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

You like the idea of exploring a fascinating organ and helping patients save their vision.

Let's debunk the public perception myths of what it means to be an ophthalmologist,

Welcome to our next installment in So You Want to Be.

In this series, we highlight a specific specialty within medicine, such as ophthalmology, and

help you decide if it's a good fit for you.

You can find the other specialties on our So You Want to Be playlist.

A lot of you asked for ophthalmology, so that's what we're covering here.

If you want to vote in upcoming polls to decide what future specialties we cover, make sure

If you'd like to see what being an ophthalmologist looks like, check out my second channel, Kevin

Jubbal, M.D., where I do a second series in parallel called a Day in the Life.

Once the world is back to a more normal baseline, we'll be doing a Day in the Life of an Ophthalmologist.

Ophthalmology is the medical and surgical specialty dealing with ocular and orbital

diseases - pretty much anything relating to the eyes and immediate surrounding structures.

Ophtho is unique in that it isn't a strictly medical or surgical field, but rather a blend.

The practice of ophthalmology can be categorized into three main areas: medical, procedural,

There are many diseases that are unique to the eye, but also several systemic diseases

Within the medical focus of ophthalmology, there are 5 main categories:

Infectious diseases of the eye can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic in nature.

These include STI's like syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, to fungi like candida, to parasites

like toxoplasmosis or the worm causing river blindness, Onchocerca volvulus.

These infections may be confined to the eye, but may also be systemic yet manifest in the

For example, with syphilis, a patient may only recognize the ocular symptoms, such that

the ophthalmologist is the first person to diagnose the patient with a systemic infection.

Next, systemic inflammatory diseases can cause uveitis, or inflammation in the eye.

These diseases are wide and varied, from rheumatoid arthritis and lupus to inflammatory bowel

Diabetic retinopathy occurs in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

In short, the small vessels get damaged, which we call microvascular damage, resulting in

scarring, bleeding, retinal detachments, and can even cause blindness.

This is the leading cause of vision loss worldwide.

Malignancy Believe it or not, you can get tumors in your

This can be retinoblastoma, which is screened for in newborns, choroidal melanoma, which

is actually not directly related to skin cancer, or primary intraocular lymphoma.

The eye and orbit are a common site of metastases for other cancers, meaning a primary cancer

releases cells in the bloodstream that take hold in the eye.

It makes sense, as the eye has the highest rate of blood flow per weight compared to

Prescription and recreational drugs can both cause long term damage to the eyes.

For example, chronic alcoholism may result in vitamin deficiency leading to vision issues.

Alternatively, methanol should never be ingested, as it causes optic nerve delamination which

Glaucoma has two main types, acute angle closure and primary open angle.

Both can lead to damage to the optic nerve and irreversible vision loss.

Open angle glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and is called

the “silent thief” as it slowly causes vision loss overtime without patients being

Ophthalmology has a variety of procedures, which one wouldn't necessarily consider

surgical, as these are performed in the office, not the operating room.

The way lasers are used in the field is almost science fiction.

A laser retinopexy is essentially spot welding to prevent retinal detachment.

For acute angle closure glaucoma, which is highly urgent as it can cause rapid vision

loss, a laser peripheral iridotomy is used to create a hole in the iris and reduce pressure.

Eye injections are also performed, such as anti-VEGF for treatment of diabetic retinopathy

In a similar vein, a diagnostic tap and inject is where the ophthalmologist gets fluid from

the eye and then injects antibiotics or antivirals through the same needle.

Lastly ophthalmologists sometimes perform lesion removal and excision, like when I got

When it comes to surgical procedures in the operating room, ophthalmologists can perform

either extraocular or periocular cases, meaning those that are outside and around the eye,

or intraocular surgeries, meaning within the eye.

Orbital surgery includes excision, debulking, or taking biopsies of masses and lesions in

Reconstructive surgery around the eye can be done after trauma, like a baseball to the

orbit, or after extensive surgery, such as after a cancer resection.

Restorative or cosmetic surgeries include eyelid surgery for ptosis, meaning droopy

eyelids, or having excess skin over the eye.

Strabismus surgery is concerned with the actual eye muscles to help bring the eyes into proper

In terms of intraocular surgery, there are four main ones.

First, cataract surgery is the bread and butter for general ophthalmologists, and is the most

common outpatient surgery, with 3 million surgeries performed every year in the U.S.

It makes sense, since cataracts is the leading cause of vision loss in the world and everyone

Phacoemulsification is the technique used, whereby ultrasound technology breaks up the

An artificial lens is placed in the eye with specifications unique to that individual's

Second, cornea surgery, including corneal transplants.

Corneal surgery also includes LASIK or PRK, another form of laser eye surgery that isn't

Third, glaucoma surgery, which includes placing tiny tube shunts or performing trabeculectomies

to redirect flow of the fluid in the eye.

And lastly, retinal surgery, which includes repairing retinal detachments, macular hole

repairs, removing foreign bodies within the eyeball, and even lens removal following a

After completing medical school, ophthalmology residency is 4 years, with the first year

historically being a transitional or preliminary year, meaning you wouldn't actually start

ophthalmology training until your second year.

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第10話「耳鼻咽喉科医になりたいんですか？ (So You Want to Be an OPHTHALMOLOGIST [Ep. 10])

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