Name: 産業資本主義の台頭｜APアメリカ史｜カーン・アカデミー (The rise of industrial capitalism | AP US History | Khan Academy)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:33:47.000Z
Duration: 5 min 28 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

- [Instructor] The period from the end of the Civil War

to the start of the 20th Century was one of

incredible economic transformation in the United States.

In 1865 the United States was the 4th largest

At the same time, where people worked, how people worked,

and how much money they made, all changed drastically.

During the Gilded Age, the United States went from

being a nation of farmers to a nation of factory workers.

The gap between rich and poor also increased

So what caused this economic transformation?

In this video I want to explore some of the factors

that contributed to these changes in work and the economy:

technological advancements, new business strategies,

business consolidation, and pro-growth government policies.

So let's dive a little deeper into each of these.

One of the biggest factors contributing to the rise

The late 19th Century was an era of innovation.

Nearly half a million patents were issued

Improvements in machinery and manufacturing processes,

And there were new technologies that helped business:

the telephone to coordinate transactions over

long distances, the typewriter to speed up record keeping,

And the expansion of the railroad, made it easy

to cope with doing business at a national scale.

In this era the first national brands emerged.

Companies like Coca-Cola and Kellogg's Corn Flakes

And mail order catalogs like Montgomery Ward and Sears

An integrated nation-wide system of business and shipping

made it easy for customers and companies to connect.

During the Gilded Age coordinating supplies and workers,

Managers worked to increase efficiency and cut costs.

increasing working hours, and decreasing wages for laborers.

The titans of industry used other measures

The Gilded Age was an era of ruthless business competition

and the magnates of each industry set out

Many of the men who made fabulous fortunes

during the Gilded Age, started out in the railroad industry

taking advantage of government subsidies and land grants.

The U.S. Government took a laissez faire,

or hands off, approach to regulating business at this time.

And there were no corporate or income taxes

so it was possible for a few individuals and companies

They did so by consolidating their businesses,

reducing competition, and controlling markets.

Steel baron Andrew Carnegie was one of the first

businessmen to employ vertical integration in his companies.

The goal of vertical integration is to control

every part of the supply chain for a product.

For example, Carnegie owned not just steel mills,

but the mines that produced the iron ore and coal

and the ships and railroads that transported

Carnegie never had to wait for other companies

Big businesses in the Gilded Age also reduced

competition through holding companies, trusts, and pools.

Holding companies and trusts allowed mergers

that put many companies under the control

of the country's oil supply by the end of the 19th Century.

was better than competition and simply agreed

to divide markets and profits between them.

These groups of supposedly competing business entities

The rise of industrial capitalism had major consequences

on American life, politics, and foreign policy.

For some, this new economy meant a higher

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産業資本主義の台頭｜APアメリカ史｜カーン・アカデミー (The rise of industrial capitalism | AP US History | Khan Academy)

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