Name: 黄色で書いてはいけない（トム・キブル） - 六十の記号 (Don't Write in Yellow (Tom Kibble) - Sixty Symbols)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:27:42.000Z
Duration: 11 min 17 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

過去形

He was a massive figure in the world of theoretical physics.

基礎数量詞

And many people wouldn't have heard of him.

to 不定詞

And yet, I think it'd be fair to say that his work led to the, probably, three Nobel prizes being awarded

And he could have been involved in so at least two of them...

...I think, he could have, if things would've turned out differently.

He was actually born in 1932 in India, in Madras to...

...I think, British parents who were working over in India.

He came back to Scotland to be educated at college in Scotland.

And he spend his own undergraduate and postgraduate time at Edinburgh University.

And then I think he went over to Caltech, for a period, for a year...

...before securing a position in the Imperial College, back in the late fifties...

...at the Imperial, and he stayed there until he died.

So I knew him through his work on the cosmology.

And that required a knowledge of particle physics, ...

...and that, in turn, requires a detailed knowledge of quantum field theory.

The work he developed, the techniques he developed, ...

...have implications not only in particle physics, cosmology, ...

And so he was able to develop an area of physics...

...which is sort of interface between condensed matter and cosmology...

...as well as his pioneering work involving Higgs particle, ...

...early universe, phase transitions, symmetry breaking, ...

...gravity, and there was one thing I discovered.

...in which he looked at a modification of general relativity.

I thought, recently, that I been seeing references to this paper of Tom's 1961.

And I just look back in 2015 it had over a hundred citations...

You know, that's the kind of impact he had across the fields.

He was able to write things and laid dormant for a while and then people realize...

...Wow this is really really impressive stuff.

...that our Sixty Symbols viewers will know most about is probably the Higgs.

The mechanism, which is known as the Higgs Mechanism...

...was developed independently by 3 groups.

He wrote a paper that was published in...

...Physical Review Letters, and that has become one of...

...they often cited as being one of their key...

And he wrote it with his friends, Gulranik and Hagen.

...that the Nobel Prize can only go to 3 people, ...

... I guess, they couldn't just give it to...

...Tom and not give it to the other two -- they were giving...

...it to Higgs and Englert, quite rightly.

Tom wrote a second -- probably even more influential paper-- He...

...actually was the person that demonstrated how...

...in the proper world of particle physics. And that we...

...key particles in nature is the W and Z vector boson.

These tells us about how the weak interactions behave.

We didn't know how to give these masses, and Tom is the person...

...that actually demonstrated how you do this.

He came up with the actual mathematical...

...to introduce masses to these particles.

...after the Higgs Mechanism. He applied...

...the Standard Model of particle physics.

So Weinberg  and Salam shared the  Nobel...

It also had a knock-on effect that the...

...formulas that Tom had developed in this...

...formulas, had helped Hooft and Veltman...

This means that you can make actual predictions...

They had then got the Nobel Prize as well.

And of course you have the fact that Tom...

...independently had discovered the Higgs mechanism...

...the Nobel Prize for Higgs and Englert.

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黄色で書いてはいけない（トム・キブル） - 六十の記号 (Don't Write in Yellow (Tom Kibble) - Sixty Symbols)

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massive

physical

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