Name: 2012年ノーベル化学賞動画の周期律表 (The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Periodic Table of Videos)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:16:58.000Z
Duration: 8 min 43 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Yes, yes, I've put on my famous chemists ties.

Most of them were quite a few of Nobel Prize winners, though.

If you predate them just about to do the video about the Nobel Prize, I need somebody to sit in Diane's office.

This year's prize deals with Cells and Sensibility, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

It's really more full biochemistry and molecular biology, and I don't know either of the people, but sounds quite interesting.

This year's prize is for something I know nothing about, though I can understand whites importance.

Yes, sir, my name's ER Barry Keller, moment associate professor of medicinal pharmaceutical chemistry here in the School of Pharmacy at the university.

Not unfortunately, when Nobel created the prize, he didn't have anything that covered what is now called molecular biology.

I was really hoping that that that these guys would actually get this because this is this is a reflection off decades of quality research on, So it's right that some of the chemistry prices should be for that.

When you when you look at ji protein couple receptors thes that these are basically one of the key receptors that are expressed in almost all of yourselves throughout the body.

On they are effectively acting like the lock that a key fits in tow.

Open up activity that needs to resign or occur within the cell for your body to function.

So your body is full of cells like this and circulating through the body or hormones, which are released, for example, when you're frightened and I get boo.

So one of the most well known is adrenaline.

Um, adrenaline is a key neurotransmitter in indeed, the work of one of the Nobel Prize recipients, Bob Lefkowitz.

His his major sort of efforts was he was the first person to actually clone the receptor, or the beat Rhodri interceptor.

That adrenaline acts that within the body, and the key point is that the hormones, which are quite small molecules, can't go through the outer layer of the cell, the membrane.

But instead there are so called receptors, the subject of this prize G protein coupled receptors, which sit in the outer surface of the of the membrane and go through it.

So when the molecule arrives on this side, it sends a message into the cell to these receptors are are the middleman there, The gatekeeper.

They're basically translate the message that that neuro transmitter needs to deliver to the inside of the cell to exert its effect in the Nobel Price announcement.

The, um, professor who was talking about this was quite lucky.

She had seven rods because the structure of the molecule involves seven strengths, which she had quite nice long roads.

I've only got pens so you can see seven of them, then little bundle.

So this is the outside, and this is the inside of the cell.

So when the adrenaline goes into here, it pushes the bundles apart because the chains of rigid like my pen, then what happens at this end effects that it and the clever thing is depending on which molecule docks on the outside.

So the insides of the rods are pushed own different amounts.

Inside the sale, there are different proteins swimming around on.

If it's pushed, pushed out a small amount, this one can go in.

But if it's pushed out a much bigger amount, then this one can go in.

So this is a computer image off one of the first crystal structures that came out of Bill Cole's lab.

Human beater to Adrian accepted the one that I mentioned that is in the shoes of your lungs.

And it resides in the membrane through these thes so helical units.

So you have the cell membrane here, Um, and then the ligand comes in from the top, and you could just see in there that the ligand is bound.

I could sort of just quickly sort of eso The legacies is just bound in here.

About 1/3 of the way down on when it binds in.

It causes the receptive to change shape, and that information is relayed down to the part that is in the pointing to the inside of the cell.

They got different, called the serpentine receptors, because they weave in and out of the cell membrane with these seven trans memory regions.

So it looks like a sometimes when you have to see them in a cartoon in the book, like a snake weaving in and out Now, the recent way.

This is also important is that about 50% of the drugs that you and I take the pharmaceutical products operate have their effect By interacting with these receptors on dhe, they're not quite the same shape as adrenaline or opening or other hormones, but they're sufficiently similar that they will affect us some of the receptors so you can get very selective behavior on DDE treat a specific condition.

Have you ever met these guys have met both of them on.

In fact, I'm talking at a conference in Melbourne this Christmas just before Christmas on on Jeep, raiding couple receptors on Dhe left of its on cab Ilka off topic and taking the program with the two key notes.

Now what did actually the two Nobel Prize winners do?

The Nobel Prize gets awarded in December.

These guys might not get to your conference.

Um, comment about the date of the Nobel Prize ceremony is conferences first week in December in Melbourne Monix University.

What they did was to work out this structure by very careful experimentation, isolating these receptors from the cells and then using X ray crystallography toe workout structure, almost an atomic detail.

So it sounds to me like these guys have given you the ultimate blueprint of the keyhole.

So you guys around the world can now make all the keys.

And from this early work, there are now quite a number of papers that have come out that have reported other Jeep rooting couple receptive crystal structures, which is extraordinary, that we can now understand how these receptors work, which is just a small part of each cell level of almost the individual atoms.

And, of course, once you know the structures, then you can start designing even more specific and better drugs.

So there are millions and millions of people worldwide that suffer with asthma.

It's a debilitating disease where that particular disease manifests itself in their inability to breathe easily.

They have constriction of the tubes in their lungs, and they find it very difficult to breathe.

One of the drugs that is used to combat that is a agonist molecule molecule stimulates one of these G protein couple receptors.

This is the beater Adrian Aceptar that resides within the bronc kills or the tubes of the lungs on what you'll notice that often a patient that has asthma if they're having an asthma attack, will pull out their classic blue inhaler and take a puff on that puff delivers a effectively.

A molecule that mimics adrenaline binds to the beetroot green receptors in the lungs.

On the effect of that Ligon binding to the beach for Dreams section the lungs is to open the lungs.

Relax the tubes so they open up so the air comm pass more easily into the lungs and the patient could breathe again.

That's just one particular disease state.

There are a whole myriad of diseases where G protein couple receptor modulation by drugs allows people to live normal lives.

I think it's a really well deserved prize on dhe.

 I don't think anybody could, gradually, such a wonderful piece of work being rewarded with this price I did in my pockets. 

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2012年ノーベル化学賞動画の周期律表 (The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Periodic Table of Videos)

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