Black holes are dangerous.

Black holes are hazards.

Black holes are not friendly for their environments.

There's just no good ends to anything that falls into a black hole, perhaps one of the most frightening objects in the universe.

But what exactly are these scary objects?

Black holes were created when you get enough matter in a small region of space.

This happens when a massive star dies and collapses in on itself.

A supernova a ah, a black hole is the ultimate consequence of gravity is an object that has so much mass crushed into such a small space that its escape velocity becomes greater than the speed of light.

They are a one way street.

You go in.

Nothing escapes, not even light.

But do black holes deserve their bad rap?

In some ways, I think we set up black holes to be more villains than they actually are.

Black Hole suffer a bit of a PR problem.

I think there are a lot more menacing in science fiction and popular media than they really are.

There are trillions of Galaxies in the known universe.

Most of them have a supermassive black hole left their center.

These monsters are millions of times the mass of our sun.

Their immense gravity can sin stars flying.

They're instrumental in choreographing the dance of stars in their vicinity.

Supermassive black holes shoot out torrents of lethal radiation and violent cosmic winds and gobble up anything that comes close.

Now physicists are beginning to realize these cosmic giants may also have a creative side.

Most people think of black holes is being like giant vacuum cleaners in space, and basically everything falls into him.

But that's that's not actually the case they're better thought of as the engines of cosmic change.

Although black holes are the end states off stars, they can actually influence the formation off stars as well in a bunch of different ways, A galaxy's job is to make stars.

But uncontrolled star growth is not healthy.

Too many stars can drain it.

Galaxies, gas supply, black holes are very important.

It appears that galaxy evolution is tied.

The black hole evolution.

We don't know exactly how yet, but the marriage appears certain.

One idea is that supermassive black holes act as cosmic control mechanisms.

Black holes can act like a thermostat in your house.

If your house gets too hot, the thermostat will kick on the air conditioner, and if it gets too cold, it'll kick on the heater.

Black holes do the same things for Galaxies.

Supermassive black holes regulate star formation by pulling in gas and shooting it back out into the galaxy.

When these black holes are consuming matter, they're drawing matter into themselves.

But they're also spewing stuff out.

Basically, black holes eat like little babies very slowly, so a lot of it.

But the IV comes flying back out again.

The stars, the planets, but most often they giant clouds of gas.

Black hole drags gas and dust into an accretion disk around it.

This disc spins faster and faster.

Magnetic energy builds up with the accretion disc swirling around the black hole.

There also magnetic fields that are going on.

The material is moving so rapidly that the magnetic field sort of winds up coils up and forms of vortex like a tornado.

Astronomers call them jets.

These jets propagate outward like freight trains plowing through the galaxy.

Over hundreds and thousands of light years, these air like death rays, the jets disrupt the star forming gas clouds, limiting access to information in the main body of the galaxy.

But they can spark star birth in the very outer reaches of the galaxy.

Things were more gentle out there.

You're not as close to the energetic heart.

So stars, planets and life conform out there, partially because of the material that the black hole has moved out there.

So black holes can have outsized influence on the regions that they inhabit right around them.

They can prevent the formation off stars, whereas on very, very large scales they can actually instigate the formation.

Off Stars 2018 Black Holds Hit the front page Scientists discovered black holes gobbling up gas so fast that they seem to be outgrowing their host Galaxies.

It naturally makes the question come up.

How big can a black hole get?

Now we have the answer.

They can reach size Triple XL, becoming ultra massive black holes.

Ultra massive black holes are so cool because it's just mind boggling that black holes so large can exist.

Alter massive black holes are very rare and typically have masses of more than 10 billion times the mass of the sun.

10 billion solar masses.

That's 10 followed by nine zeros.

Ultra massive black holes are really beasts.

The black hole at the center of our galaxy has four million solar masses.

Imagine black holes that are 2500 times bigger.

That's what we're talking about here, our ultra massive, the largest black holes possible.