Name: DEVIL FACIAL TUMOR DISEASE - Smarter Every Day 140 (DEVIL FACIAL TUMOR DISEASE - Smarter Every Day 140)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:08:50.000Z
Duration: 11 min 13 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Hey it's me Destin, welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

There are two things in this world that bother me: number one, the fact that the Tasmanian devil

転換語

is about to go extinct because of a rapidly spreading face cancer, and you didn't know that,

and number two, the fact that the dude in charge of the immunization effort to save the Tasmanian devil

has never watched the Warner Brothers cartoon.

We've gotta fix these things! So today on Smarter Every Day, we're going to Tasmania

and I want the record to show that within two hours of an Alabama boy being on the ground,

- Okay, so this facility is run by the University of Tasmania, correct?

- And the purpose of it is to study a disease that has been killing the Tasmanian Devil all over the island, right?

(Destin) Welcome to ground zero in the fight against the extinction of a species.

These guys deploy clever little pipe traps all over the island to monitor devils in order to understand why they're dying.

(Destin) So the devil would come in, grab the bait... (Alex) And then this would pull,

(Destin) Pull the string. (Alex) Pull the string and the pin,

(Alex) And then this pin locks it so it can't open.

(Destin) And at that point you've caught the devil. (Alex) That's right.

(Destin) Once you catch a devil in a pipe, you've got to look at its mouth, so Alex agreed to show me

how they look at their mouths on one of the more docile devils that they keep in captivity.

(Destin) So we're going to put a tasmanian devil in a burlap sack, or, as you call it, a hessian sack, (Alex) Yeah, that's right.

(Destin) And we're gonna check him for the... (Alex) Well, he had this tumor,

(Alex) This DFTD tumor in the gum, on the gum, that was removed...

(Destin) DFTD. (Alex) That's right. Devil Facial Tumor Disease.

(Destin) Devil Facial Tumor Disease. Okay, so we're gonna check

(Alex) Yeah, so the tumor was removed two or three years ago,

so we are going just to check if the tumor hasn't grown back. (Destin) Okay.

(Alex) So we'll put him in the sack and see if he cooperates.

I can open his mouth, and have a good look in his mouth to see if there is no tumor.

(Destin) Great. So I'm going to help you catch a tasmanian devil? (Alex) Yes, yes.

(Destin) Where do you want me? (Alex) Well, if you can just hold the lid for me.

(Destin) So you're just going to hold his head?

(Destin) Okay, so we've got to get to his mouth now. (Alex) Yep. Well, we'll try.

(Destin) So we have a Tasmanian devil in a sack.

(Destin) Is it transmissible to humans? (Alex) No.

(Destin) How do you know that? (Alex) A few people got stabbed with needles,

(Alex) So I sort of am covering his eyes, so he can't see,

(Destin) Where would the tumors be? (Alex) I think this tumor originally

was on this side here, but he doesn't have any sign of a tumor there now.

(Destin) You really love them, don't you? (Alex) Yeah.

(Alex) We don't have any sign of devils becoming immune to the disease,

so it seems that, where the disease arrives, the population just declines, by that extent,

and whenever a devil gets DFTD, that devil, it doesn't survive.

(Destin) Why have I not heard about this? A cancer with a 100% mortality rate.

That's a huge deal! In order to understand it more thoroughly, let's go to the University of Tasmania

and speak with Professor Greg Woods, who's working on a vaccine to beat it.

(Prof. Woods) It's a tumor, that occurs in Tasmanian devils, and it starts in the face,

so it's called Devil Facial Tumor Disease.

(Destin) And why is this a threat? (Prof. Woods) It is a threat because

it is a really rare cancer, it's a contagious cancer, and, so far, it's wiped out about eighty to ninety percent

of the remaining Tasmanian devil population.

(Destin) Are you serious? In how long? (Prof. Woods) In less than 20 years.

(Destin) Wow. It's almost killed it in 20 years. (Prof. Woods) It's almost wiped out the entire species, yeah.

(Destin) What is this you have on your screen here? (Prof. Woods) So, this is a map of the DFTD distributions.

So, it started in the far northeast corner of Tasmania,

and it's been moving south and west ever since.

(Destin) So this is like the ripple of death. (Prof. Woods) The ripple of death, yeah.

(Destin) You can see it going down the island. (Prof. Woods) You can see it moving down the island.

(Destin) Can you show me what it does? Do you have a picture or something?

(Destin) So this is a Tasmanian devil head? (Prof. Woods) This is a healthy devil.

(Destin) Okay. (Prof. Woods) Now, the other half of this devil has got a small tumor.

Now, you can just see the tumor there. So, that's a very early tumor.

(Prof. Woods) In one single devil, in fact, it was a female devil,

(Destin) That would be patient zero, right? (Prof. Woods) That would be patient zero.

(Prof. Woods) It's gone from a single cell in a single devil to about, maybe 100,000 devils have now been killed

(Prof. Woods) by this cancer. (Destin) Oh, wow.

(Prof. Woods) So, it's like a clonal proliferation of... (Destin) So it's like the game of Life, only death.

(Prof. Woods) Any devil that gets it, dies from it. (Destin) Really.

(Prof. Woods) It's 100% kill rate. (Destin) What's the cause of death?

(Prof. Woods) They just can't see, so they won't be able to eat. (Destin) So they starve to death.

(Prof. Woods) So this is the healthy side, (Destin) Okay.

(Prof. Woods) And this is the diseased side. I don't know if you can see straight away,

but you can see there, there's a hole. The cancer cells are producing enzymes which are digesting the bone

and if we open up the jaw... (Destin) The canine tooth is gone.

(Prof. Woods) The canine tooth's gone, so he still can't obviously eat as well.

(Destin) That's amazing. (Prof. Woods) And these canine teeth, they are what

they'll bite each other with. So they'll bite another devil...(Destin) Oh, so that tooth will be infected.

(Prof. Woods) This tooth will be, yeah, this tooth will have tumor cells on it. Alright? (Destin) Wow.

(Prof. Woods) So what will happen is, a few tumor cells there, it will bite the other devil, and inoculate a few tumor cells.

Greg says they transmit the disease by biting each other on the face, which is really bad news for the

Tasmanian devil, because all the locals told me that's how they say hello.

I wanted to verify this for myself, so I went to the local zoo

may or may not have lowered my camera into the pen. Don't tell on me.

(Destin) Well, this explains how you guys transmit DFT...wow!

字幕リスト動画再生

DEVIL FACIAL TUMOR DISEASE - Smarter Every Day 140 (DEVIL FACIAL TUMOR DISEASE - Smarter Every Day 140)

immune

grab

contagious

identify