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Now there are two rocks, right there
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I got to put this one in your bag before I can get it
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Ok
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These have been described as...
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...the most expensive rocks in the world
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Until NASA's Apollo moon missions...
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...they'd laid on the lunar surface for millions of years...
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...undisturbed by humans
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Coming off this rock here, but it looks like caliche
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From 1969 to 1972
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The Eagle has landed
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There were six Apollo missions...
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...which returned to Earth with samples
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It was hoped they'd uncover secrets about the Moon...
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...they ended up teaching scientists a lot about the Earth too
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Nine containers of lunar samples were brought back to Earth
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Scientists studying the rocks...
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...learnt a great deal about the many impacts...
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...early in the Moon's development
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These created huge craters...
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...some the size of large countries
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Ancient volcanic eruptions then filled some of these basins...
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...with vast plains of lava...
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...creating the dry seas...
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...that can be seen by humans on Earth...
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...billions of years later
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But the moon rocks also revealed...
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...the biggest impact...
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...was the one that created the Moon itself
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Scientists found the Moon rocks to be surprisingly...
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...perhaps disappointingly, like those on Earth
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It turns out that the Earth and the Moon...
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...are chemically very similar indeed, as if twins
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It was this revelation that led to a game-changing idea...
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...the giant impact theory
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The latest version of this theory...
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...involves the new idea of a synestia
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In this theory...
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...the impact fills nearby space with a doughnut of hot vapour
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Both the Moon and Earth are formed...
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...from the magma rain that resulted
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The gravitational pull...
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...which binds the Moon and Earth to each other...
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...became the main cause...
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...of the rise and fall of the Earth's ocean tides
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Scientists believe these tides could have been crucial...
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...for the evolution of animal life on Earth...
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...by offering a route from under the sea to above it
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For almost 50 years...
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...no human has returned to the Moon
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Now missions are being planned to its unexplored territories
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Just as the United States was the first nation to reach the Moon...
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...in the 20th century...
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...so too will we be the first nation to return astronauts...
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...to the Moon in the 21st century
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The hope of the next generation of scientists...
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...is that by studying new samples of rock...
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...they can unlock many more of the Moon's secrets...
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...and even some of the Earth's