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Ever wondered whether there's a point to having small change?
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Well, you're not alone.
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Many governments around the world have asked that very question:
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Should pennies, the smallest-value coins in circulation, be scrapped?
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The value of small change is being debated around the globe.
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Australia phased out one and two cent coins in the 1990s,
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while Canada stopped producing copper coins in 2012.
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In the Eurozone, where one and two cent coins are still produced, countries like Ireland
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are voluntarily rounding prices to the nearest five cents to avoid using smaller change.
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And even those coins seem quite valuable when compared to currency like Uzbekistan's Tiyin.
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You would need 8,000 of them to buy just one American penny.
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Here in the U.K., you can still find plenty of pennies in circulation.
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To understand why, let's look back at its long history.
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The word “penny” originally meant any sort of coin or money, not just a small denomination.
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The first English pennies were adopted by Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
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in the 8th century and were made entirely of silver.
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That original English penny was worth a lot more than today's penny.
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That comes down to two main factors: debasement and inflation.
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Debasement is when a monarch or government lowers the value of currency
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by changing the makeup of a physical coin.
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Early coins were made of valuable metals like gold and silver.
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But as rulers needed more money to pay for things like expensive wars,
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they began to add cheaper metals into the mix.
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That made the coins worth less, meaning people needed more of them to buy things.
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The average price of goods and services has also gone up over time.
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This is known as inflation.
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In 2016, the Royal Mint revealed there are 11.3 billion pennies in circulation.
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But sixty percent of 1 and 2p coins are only used once,
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lost to piggy banks, sofas, sock drawers, even the garbage bin.
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Eight percent of pennies are thrown away.
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This means the Royal Mint has to produce even more pennies to replace
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the ones that have gone out of circulation - about 550 million a year.
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However, by law, vendors don't have to accept 1 penny coins
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as a form of payment for anything over 20p.
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So this cafe doesn't have to accept these pennies if I want to buy a coffee.
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Which means there isn't much out there that you can buy with 1 penny coins,
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apart from some sweets of course.
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The Royal Mint won't reveal how much it costs to make a penny,
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nor how much the U.K. would save by stopping production.
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But it did say that it costs less than 1p to make 1p.
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That's more than the Americans can say about their penny.
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While the cost has decreased over the years,
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it still cost 1.8 cents to produce one U.S. penny in 2017.
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The cost of a penny largely comes down to the metals in it - and those prices can fluctuate.
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While the U.S. penny was mostly made of copper for more than 150 years, rising copper prices
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forced the U.S. Mint to dramatically reduce the amount of copper used in the coin.
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Now a penny is primarily made up of zinc and is only 2.5% copper.
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Though ironically now zinc prices are rising too.
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The British penny is made of steel, coated in copper.
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Steel prices have also increased over the years,
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which helps explain why Canada ceased minting its copper coated steel penny back in 2012.
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For all this effort, the demand for small change is in decline.
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One study found that Americans throw away $62 million in coins each year,
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while in Britain, 68% of people don't bother to carry or spend copper coins anymore.
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One reason for this is the rise in cashless payments.
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The number of non-cash transactions are projected to hit more than 875 billion by 2021.
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But don't sign cash's death certificate yet.
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It's still the most frequent form of payment in the United States,
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representing 30 percent of consumer transactions.
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In the U.K., cash accounts for 34% of all payments, second only to debit cards.
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And globally, 1.7 billion people don't have access to a bank or similar financial institution.
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So cash is still widely used, but small change isn't.
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If that's the case, why do we keep it?
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Is the penny worth more to the economy than we think?
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Some experts believe that prices ending in 99 are a time-honored sales technique that helps businesses.
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For example, researchers found that sales of a pizza increased by 15 percent after its price was lowered from €8.00 to €7.99.
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But pennies can also have a negative effect on businesses and the economy.
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The U.S. National Association of Convenience Stores calculated that handling
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pennies adds 2 to 2.5 seconds to each cash transaction.
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That could cost the economy $10 billion in wasted time every year.
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And some have argued that charities and their beneficiaries may also lose out.
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The penny's value - or lack thereof - makes small change useful to charities
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because people are more open to parting ways with it.
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Loose change donations to charities in the U.K. alone are worth $396 million a year.
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As countries like the U.K. and U.S. continue to mint small change, it may only be a matter of time
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before the penny drops and they follow other major nations in retiring copper coins forever.
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Hi guys, thanks for watching our video. We hope you enjoyed it.
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We'd love to know your thoughts on small change and pennies in particular.
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Do you still use them? Comment below the video to let us know.
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And remember, don't forget to subscribe.