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Whats up everyone Today lets do anchoring
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Drop port anchor!
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HWAT?!
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So theres alot types of anchor out there, the most common type now days on merchant
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navy ships, especially large ships, are the stockless type.
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And that's mainly because the design is flat and can be stored away easily.
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Usually you'll see it tucked away just beneath the bow.
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This one here is our spare anchor.
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A typical stockless type will have its crown, the arms and the flukes in one piece, its
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design to pivot on the shank. The shank is the term for the center piece.
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Contraty to many believe... the anchor actually dont hold the ship, the anchor only digs into
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the sea bed and holds the chain.
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Its the length and weight of the chains that holds the ship.
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Its all about horizontal force , later I will show you guys how it works.
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Now At the forward station we've got two anchors , one on each side which can be lowered or
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heave up control by the windlass.
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The anchor chain leads up to the hawse pipe through the windlass, down the spurling pipe
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into the chain locker where its stored.
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Here is the chain locker, normally its kept closed but today I was following chief mate
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for an visual inspection.
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The big drum is called the Gypsy.
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Some item of interest here are the guillotine bar, also known as bow stopper or pawl bar.
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which traps and holds the chain in place, incase the brake fails.
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The metal wire attached are the lashing holding it in place when not in use.
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By putting the dog clutch into gear, we can either heave up or lower the anchor.
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Windlass is the term for this whole system used to heave up or lower anchor and mooring
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lines.
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The anchor alone is about 9000kgs or 20,000 lbs, plus the chains thats quite heavy, which
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is why using the windlass its still a slow process.
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Heaving up is always going to be slow, But for lowering the anchor there is actaully
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another way , a faster way which is to let the anchor fly out.
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What that means is having the anchor chain disengaged from dog clutch and brakes, and
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lowered by gravity.
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The only way to stop it though is by engaging the brakes.
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Here is what it looks like.
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As you can see it is quite violent, lots of vibration, debris flying everywhere, and a
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lot more risky then by motors.
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If you aren't careful this might happen.
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If we still have the anchor, well brakes on tight, bar down and pin in, securing the anchor
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So how do the anchor, anchor chains hold the ship in place?
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Well remember the keyword is horizontal forces.
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Casey Nesitat time Let me show you from the begining
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The ship should always be down wind or down current whichever is stronger, slightly drifting
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backwards . so that when a anchor is lowered into the water, the crown catches and set
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onto the sea bed. with the engine and or the current, walking the ship back to pay out
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the chains.
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A useful trick to figure out the current or tidal direction is simply just look at the
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nearby anchored ships, all anchored ship will follow the heading of current.
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A horizontal pull gives the anchor its holding power digging into the sea bed.
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The weight of the chain, this curve section also known as the catenary, holds the ship.
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So the more chain laid, the greater the holding power
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A general rule of thumb is 1:5 ratio for good weather, 1:7 or more for bad weather.
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It varies between ship size and type.
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For deck officers, An anchor circle should be drawn with the radius being the length
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of cables laid plus from bow to radar antenna so that you can monitor the ship on radar
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and ecidis.
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So we drop our anchor plus how many cables we laid out plus the ship's length
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see this is the anchor circle on the outside, and this our track, past position swings back and forth because
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the tidal wave is semi-durinal
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Dont forget to show the anchor ball & signal ! Anchor light
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During anchor watches, the crew have to check the weather and sea conditions
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as well as status of the chain.
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We want avoid dragging the anchor and drift somewhere or drift into another ship, that
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would be bad...
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The crew will look at the chain phsyically and report back.
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The terms we use are.
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up'n'down, short stay, medium stay or long stay. Long stay means there is a high chance
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of dragging anchor because the chain is being pulled like this.
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To heave up, just walk the ship over the anchor and pull up with the windlass because remember
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it's not designed to hold vertical forces.
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How do you count anchor chain?
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Well, in the old days, every length of cable is marked between the shackles, one shackle
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is about 27.5 meters.
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Nowdays modern ships we have gauges that show how many chains are laid.
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If you got any questions about anchoring, make sure to comment down below and join the
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discussions.
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Smash that subscribe button and hit me up on instagram, see you next time