The heavy, metal door slammed behind me,

and I heard the key turn in the lock.

The cement floor underneath me had a sticky film on it

that made a ripping sound,

like tape being pulled off a box,

every time I moved my foot.

The only connection to the outside world was a small window placed too high to see.

There was a small, square table bolted to the floor

and two metal chairs,

one on either side.

That was the first time I understood viscerally --

just for a fleeting moment --

what incarceration might feel like.

And I promised myself all those years ago as a young, public defender

that I would never, ever forget that feeling.

And I never have.

It inspired me to fight for each and every one of my clients' freedom

as if it was my own.

Freedom.

A concept so fundamental to the American psyche

that it is enshrined in our constitution.

And yet, America is addicted to imprisonment.

From slavery through mass incarceration,

it always has been.

Look, we all know the shocking numbers.

The United States incarcerates more people per capita

than almost any nation on the planet.

But what you may not know is that on any given night in America,

almost half a million people go to sleep in those concrete jail cells

who have not been convicted of anything.

These mothers and fathers and sons and daughters

are there for one reason and one reason only:

they cannot afford to pay the price of their freedom.

And that price is called bail.

Now, bail was actually created as a form of conditional release.

The theory was simple:

set bail at an amount that somebody could afford to pay --

they would pay it --

it would give them an incentive to come back to court;

it would give them some skin in the game.

Bail was never intended to be used as punishment.

Bail was never intended to hold people in jail cells.

And bail was never, ever intended to create a two-tier system of justice:

one for the rich and one for everybody else.

But that is precisely what it has done.

75 percent of people in American local jails

are there because they cannot pay bail.

People like Ramel.

On a chilly October afternoon,

Ramel was riding his bicycle in his South Bronx neighborhood

on his way to a market to pick up a quart of milk.

He was stopped by the police.

And when he demanded to know why he was being stopped,

an argument ensued, and the next thing he knew,

he was on the ground in handcuffs,

being charged with "riding your bicycle on the sidewalk

and resisting arrest."

He was taken to court,

where a judge set 500 dollars bail.

But Ramel -- he didn't have 500 dollars.

So this 32-year-old father was sent to "The Boat" --

a floating jail barge that sits on the East River

between a sewage plant and a fish market.

That's right, you heard me.

In New York City, in 2018,

we have a floating prison barge that sits out there

and houses primarily black and brown men

who cannot pay their bail.

Let's talk for a moment

about what it means to be in jail even for a few days.

Well, it can mean losing your job,

losing your home,

jeopardizing your immigration status.

It may even mean losing custody of your children.

A third of sexual victimization by jail staff

happens in the first three days in jail,

and almost half of all jail deaths, including suicides,

happen in that first week.

What's more, if you're held in jail on bail,

you're four times more likely to get a jail sentence

than if you had been free,

and that jail sentence will be three times longer.

And if you are black or Latino and cash bail has been set,

you are two times more likely to remain stuck in that jail cell

than if you were white.

Jail in America is a terrifying, dehumanizing and violent experience.

Now imagine for just one moment that it's you stuck in that jail cell,

and you don't have the 500 dollars to get out.

And someone comes along and offers you a way out.

"Just plead guilty," they say.

"You can go home back to your job.

Just plead guilty.

You can kiss your kids goodnight tonight."

So you do what anybody would do in that situation.

You plead guilty whether you did it or not.

But now you have a criminal record

that's going to follow you for the rest of your life.

Jailing people because they don't have enough money to pay bail

is one of the most unfair, immoral things we do as a society.

But it is also expensive and counterproductive.

American taxpayers --

they spend 14 billion dollars annually holding people in jail cells

who haven't been convicted of anything.

That's 40 million dollars a day.

What's perhaps more confounding is it doesn't make us any safer.

Research is clear that holding somebody in jail

makes you significantly more likely to commit a crime when you get out

than if you had been free all along.

Freedom makes all the difference.

Low-income communities

and communities of color have known that for generations.

Together, they have pooled their resources to buy their loved ones freedom

for as long as bondage and jail cells existed.

But the reach of the criminal legal system has grown too enormous,

and the numbers have just too large.

99 percent of jail growth in America has been the result --

over the last 20 years --

of pre-trial incarceration.

I have been a public defender for over half my life,

and I have stood by and watched thousands of clients

as they were dragged into those jail cells

because they didn't have enough money to pay bail.

I have watched as questions of justice were subsumed by questions of money,

calling into question the legitimacy of the entire American legal system.

I am here to say something simple --

something obvious,

but something urgent.

Freedom makes all the difference,

and freedom should be free.

(Applause)

But how are we going to make that happen?

Well, that's the question I was wrestling with over a decade ago

when I was sitting at a kitchen table with my husband, David,

who is also a public defender.

We were eating our Chinese takeout and venting about the injustice of it all

when David looked up and said,

"Why don't we just start a bail fund,

and just start bailing our clients out of jail?"

And in that unexpected moment,

the idea for the Bronx Freedom Fund was born.

Look, we didn't know what to expect.

There were plenty of people that told us we were crazy

and we were going to lose all of the money.

People wouldn't come back because they didn't have any stake in it.

But what if clients did come back?

We knew that bail money comes back at the end of a criminal case,

so it could come back into the fund,

and we could use it over and over again for more and more bail.

That was our big bet,

and that bet paid off.

Over the past 10 years,

we have been paying bails for low-income residents of New York City,

and what we have learned has exploded our ideas

of why people come back to court

and how the criminal legal system itself is operated.

Turns out money isn't what makes people come back to court.

We know this because when the Bronx Freedom Fund pays bail,

96 percent of clients return for every court appearance,

laying waste to the myth that it's money that mattered.

It's powerful evidence that we don't need cash

or ankle bracelets

or unnecessary systems of surveillance and supervision.

We simply need court reminders --

simple court reminders about when to come back to court.

Next, we learned that if you're held in jail on a misdemeanor,

90 percent of people will plead guilty.

But when the fund pays bail,

over half the cases are dismissed.

And in the entire history of the Bronx Freedom Fund,

fewer than two percent of our clients have ever received a jail sentence

of any kind.

(Applause)

Ramel, a week later --

he was still on the boat, locked in that jail cell.

He was on the cusp of losing everything,

and he was about to plead guilty,

and the Bronx Freedom Fund intervened and paid his bail.

Now, reunited with his daughter,

he was able to fight his case from outside.

Look, it took some time --

two years, to be exact --

but at the end of that,

his case was dismissed in its entirety.

For Ramel --

(Applause)

For Ramel, the Bronx Freedom Fund was a lifeline,

but for countless other Americans locked in jail cells,

there is no freedom fund coming.

It's time to do something about that.

It's time to do something big.

It's time to do something bold.

It's time to do something, maybe, audacious?

(Laughter)

We want to take our proven, revolving bail-fund model

that we built in the Bronx

and spread it across America,

attacking the front end of the legal system

before incarceration begins.

(Applause)

(Cheers)

(Applause)

Here's the plan.

(Applause)

We're going to bail out as many people as we can

as quickly as we can.

Over the next five years,

partnering with public defenders and local community organizations,

we're going to set up 40 sites in high-need jurisdictions.

The goal is to bail out 160,000 people.

Our strategy leverages the fact

that bail money comes back at the end of a case.

Data from the Bronx

shows that a dollar can be used two or three times a year,

creating a massive force multiplier.

So a dollar donated today can be used to pay bail for up to 15 people

over the next five years.

Our strategy also relies on the experience and the wisdom and the leadership

of those who have experienced this injustice firsthand.

(Applause)

Each bail project site will be staffed by a team of bail disrupters.

These are passionate, dedicated advocates from local communities,

many of whom were formerly incarcerated themselves,

who will pay bails and support clients

while their cases are going through the legal system,

providing them with whatever resources and support they may need.

Our first two sites are up and running.

One in Tulsa, Oklahoma,

and one in St. Louis, Missouri.

And Ramel?

He's training right now to be a bail disrupter in Queens County, New York.

(Applause)

Our next three sites are ready to launch

in Dallas, Detroit and Louisville, Kentucky.

The Bail Project will attack the money bail system

on an unprecedented scale.

We will also listen, collect and elevate

and honor the stories of our clients

so that we can change hearts and minds,

and we will collect critical, national data

that we need so we can chart a better path forward

so that we do not recreate this system of oppression in just another form.

The Bail Project,

by bailing out 160,000 people over the next five years,

will become one of the largest non-governmental decarcerations

of Americans in history.

So look --

(Applause)

the criminal legal system, as it exists --