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Good morning ladies and gentlemen.
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It gives me great pleasure to introduce the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,
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Mr. Cameron.
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I think we are very privileged after having listened yesterday to Chancellor Merkel,
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to hear now the Prime Minister talking about his vision for the future of the world,
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and for the future of Europe and, I should add, the Euro.
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So Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, please welcome.
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Thank you very much.
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Thank you Klaus for that introduction.
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And it's great to be back the World Economic Forum in Davos.
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But we meet today at a perilous moment for economies right across Europe.
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Growth has stalled, unemployment is rising,
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the prospect of Europe getting left behind is all too apparent.
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While China grows at 8%, India at 7% and Africa at 5.5%,
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the European Commission forecasts that the EU will grow by just naught 0.6%
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in the whole of 2012,
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and even that is assuming that the problems in the Eurozone get better, not worse.
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Yesterday, in Britain,
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we had the official figures for the final quarter of the last calendar year,
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and they were negative.
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Other the large economies of Europe are forecast to have a similar outcome or worse.
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In just four years, government debt per EU citizen, has risen by ג‚¬ 4,500.
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Foreign direct investment has fallen by around two thirds,
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and in more than half of EU member-states, a fifth of all young people are now out of work.
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So this is not a moment to try and pretend there is not a problem,
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nor is it a moment to allow the fear of failure to hold us back.
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This is a time to show the leadership that our people are quite rightly demanding.
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Tinkering here and there and hoping we'll drift to a solution,
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simply isn't going to cut it anymore. This is a time for boldness, not for caution.
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Boldness in what we do nationally,
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but boldness also in what we do together as a continent.
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Now, in Britain, we've had to be bold.
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We were faced, as we came into government,
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with the biggest budget deficit in our piece- time history, more than 10% of our GDP.
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We had the most leveraged banks, the most indebted households,
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and the biggest housing boom. To be cautious would have been catastrophic.
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Instead, we were bold and decisive.
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We formed the first coalition government for 70 years.
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We legislated for a fixed term five-year parliament,
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which has helped to give people the confidence of stability and credibility.
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We put forward an aggressive set of plans to get our economy back on an even keel.
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Five and a half billion pounds saved inside the first financial year,
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the one that was already underway.
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Welfare bills, cut. The cost of government, cut.
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Public sector pay, frozen. The state paid pension age increased.
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Let me give you one example, the reform of public sector pensions.
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This is a difficult issue for any government.
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We want public servants to have good pensions. We've insured that that is the case,
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but at the same time, we've actually cut the long-term cost in half.
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By taking bold decisions to get to grips with the debt,
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Britain has shown that it is possible to earn credibility and get ahead of the markets.
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Our borrowing costs have fallen to the lowest for a generation,
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and we will be equally bold in meeting our key ambition, which is to support enterprise,
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and to make Britain the best place in the world in which to start or to grow a business.
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So, we are pursuing an unashamedly pro- business agenda, scraping needless red tape,
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simplifying planning, reviewing all regulation,
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creating the most competitive business tax regime in the developed world,
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with corporation tax coming down to 23%.
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We're making bold investments in new infrastructure, including high-speed rail.
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And while we may be fiscal conservatives, we are monetary radicals.
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We are injecting cash into the banking system, and introducing credit-easing measures
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to make it easier for small businesses to access finance.
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So my message to you, in this special Olympic year for Britain,
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is that we are a country that is absolutely committed to enterprise and to openness.
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Come to Britain, invest in Britain. Be part of this special year in a truly great country.
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So yes, in Britain,
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we're taking the bold steps necessary to get our economy back on track.
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But my argument today,
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is that the need for bold action at the European level is equally great.
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Europe's lack of competitiveness is its Achilles' heal.
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For all the talk,
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the Lisbon strategy has failed to deliver the structural reforms that we need.
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The statistics are pretty staggering.
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As measured by the World Economic Forum, more than half of EU member-states
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are now less competitive than they were this time last year,
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while five EU member-states
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are now less competitive than a country that is pretty sclerotic, Iran.
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For every Euro invested in venture capital in the EU,
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five times as much is being invested in the US.
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Our single market, one of our greatest strengths, remains incomplete,
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and there are still a colossal 4,700 professions across the European Union
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to which access is regulated by government. And that is not all.
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In spite of the economic challenge, in spite of the unemployment challenge,
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we're still doing things through the EU to make life even harder.
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In the name of social protection, the EU has promoted unnecessary measures
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that impose burdens on businesses and governments and can destroy jobs.
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The Agency Workers Directive, the Pregnant Worker's Directive,
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the Working Time Directive, the list goes on.
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Then, of course, there is the proposal for a financial transactions tax.
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Now, of course, it is right that the financial sector should pay their share,
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and in the United Kingdom we're making sure that's the case with a bank levy,
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and with the fact that we charge stamp duty on shares.
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And these are options that other countries can adopt.
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But if you look at the European Commission's own original analysis,
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that showed that a financial transactions tax could cost the GDP of the European Union,
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and could reduce it by ג‚¬ 200 Billion. It could cost almost 500,000 jobs,
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and force as much as 90% of some markets away from the European Union.
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Even to be considering this at a time when we're struggling to get our economies growing,
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is quite simply madness. It shouldn't go on like this.
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That is why Britain has been arguing for a pro-business agenda in Europe.
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This is not just a British agenda.
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Over the last year, we have spearheaded work with 15 other member-states across the EU,
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both inside and outside the Eurozone.
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This weekend, Chancellor Merkel and I called for a package of deregulation,
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and liberalization policies.
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And our ideas now lie at the heart of what the European Commission is promoting too.
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Together, we're pushing for the completion of Single Market in services and in digital.
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Those two things could add alone, ג‚¬ 800 Billion to EU GDP,
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and they could lead the drive to exempt micro- businesses for excessive regulation,
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both new and existing.
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But I believe, we need to be bolder still, so here is the checklist.
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All proposed EU Measures should be tested for their impact on growth.
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We need a target to reduce the overall burden of EU regulation.
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And we need a new proportionality test to prevent needless barriers-to-trade in services
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and to slash the number of regulated professions in Europe.
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That together with our international partners,
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we also need to take decisive action to get trade moving.
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Now, I'm not going to give you the standard speech on Doha.
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Last year, at this very forum, world leaders called for,
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an all-out effort to conclude the Doha Round in 2011.
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We said it was a make-or-break year, it was.
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And we have to be frank about it, it didn't work.
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But we must not give up on free trade.
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Let us step forward with a new and ambitious set of ideas to take trade forwards.
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First, rather than trying to involve everyone at once,
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let us get some bilateral deals done.
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Let's get the EU Trade Agreements with India, with Canada, with Singapore,
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finalized by the end of this year.
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Completing all the deals now on the table, can add ג‚¬ 90 Billion to Europe's GDP.
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And let's also look at all the options on the table for agreement between the EU and the US,
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where a deal can have a bigger impact than all of the other agreements put together.
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Next, let's be more creative in the way we use the multi-lateral system.
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Far form turning our back on multi-lateralism, we need the continued work of the WTO
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to prevent any collapse back to protectionism,
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to ensure we take a candid interest of the poorest countries in our world,
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and to ensure that the WTO framework is fit for the 21st century.
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And I also believe that it means, going forwards,
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perhaps with a coalition of the willing, so countries who want to,
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can forge ahead with more ambitious trade deals of their own,
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consistent within the WTO framework.
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Now, there are some proposals out there already, like the Trans-Pacific Partnership,
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but why not also an ambitious deal between Europe and Africa,
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or even a Pan-African Free Trade Area.
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This is a bold agenda on trade,
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which can deliver tangible results for the world economy this year,
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and I'm proposing that we start work on it immediately.
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Now, of course, the most urgent question facing all of Europe right now,
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is how to deal with the Eurozone crisis.
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And this is where, I believe, Europe needs to be boldest of all.
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Vital progress has been made.
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The European Central Bank
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has provided extensive additional support to Europe's Banks.
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Many Eurozone countries are taking painful and difficult steps to address their deficits,
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and to give up a degree of sovereignty
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over the governance of their economies in the future.
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And, of course, there was the agreement to set up the firewall.
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Now, all of these are welcome and necessary steps,
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and I don't underestimate for one moment,
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the leadership and the courage that has got us this far.
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But we need to be honest about the overall situation.
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The crisis is still weighing down on business confidence and weighing down on investment.
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A year ago, bond rates where 5% in Spain, nearly 5% in Italy,
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and more than 7% in Portugal.
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Today, they are still 5% in Spain, up to 6% in Italy, and 14% in Portugal.
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So, we still need those urgent short-term measures to be properly put into effect.
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The October agreement needs to be fully implemented.
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The uncertainty in Greece has to be brought to an end.
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Europe's banks must be properly recapitalized.
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And, as the IMF has said, the European Firewall
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needs to be big enough to deal with the full scale of the crisis,
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and the potential contagion.
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And Chancellor Merkel is absolutely right to insist that Eurozone countries
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must do everything possible to get to grips with their own debts.
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But we also need to be honest about the long- term consequences of a single currency.
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Now, I'm not one of those people who think that single currencies can never work.
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Look at America. Look at the United Kingdom.
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But there are a number of features that are common to all successful currency units.
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A central bank that can comprehensively stand behind the currency,
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and the financial system.
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The deepest possible economic integration with the flexibility to deal with economic shocks,
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and a system of fiscal transfers,
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and collective debts issuants that can deal with tensions,
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and the imbalances between different countries and regions within the Union.
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Currently, it's not that the Eurozone doesn't have all of these,
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it's that it doesnג€™t really have any of these.
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Now, clearly, if countries are close enough in their economic structure,
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then tensions are less likely to arise.
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But when imbalances are sustained,
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and some countries do better than others year after year, you can face real problems.
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That is what the current crisis is demonstrating.
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Now, of course, private capital flows can hide these problems for a while.
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In the Eurozone, that is what happened.
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But once markets lose confidence and dry up, you are left in an unsustainable position.
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Yes, tough fiscal discipline is essential, but this is a problem of trade deficits,
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not just budget deficits.
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And it means countries with those deficits making painful decisions to raise productivity,
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to drive down costs year after year to regain their competitiveness.
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But that doesn't happen over night, and it can have painful economic,
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and even political consequences.
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Nor, in fact, is it sufficient. You still need the support of single-currency partners,
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and as Christine Legarde has set out, a system of fiscal integration and risk sharing,
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perhaps through the creation of Europe-Area bonds, to make that support work.
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As Marion Monty has suggested, the flip- side of austerity in the deficit countries,
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must be actioned to put the weight of the surplus countries behind the Euro.
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Now, I'm not pretending that any of this is easy.
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These are radical, difficult steps for any country to take.
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Knowing how necessary, but also hard they are, is why Britain didn't join the Eurozone.
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But they are what is needed if the single currency, as currently constituted, is to work.
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Now, of course, some people would say, it's all very well Britain making these points
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but you're not in the Euro and, in fact, last month you even vetoed adding a new treaty
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to the European Union. Let me answer that very directly.
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I understand why the Eurozone members want a treaty inside the European Union.
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But if they do, there have to be safeguards for those countries
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that are in the European Union but who have no intention of joining the single currency.
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I didn't get those safeguards, so the treaty isn't going ahead inside the European Union.
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But let me be clear, to those who think that not signing the treaty
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means, somehow, Britain is walking away from Europe, let me tell you,
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nothing could be further from the truth.
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Britain is part of the European Union, not by default, but by choice.
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It fundamentally reflects our national interest to be part of the single market
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which is on our doorstep, and we have no intention of walking away from it.
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So let me be clear, we want Europe to be a success
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and all the measures that we'll be proposing for next week's European council,
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can help achieve that success.
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But we want Europe to succeed not just as an economic force but also as a political force,
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as an association of countries with the political will, the values,
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and the voice to make a difference in the world.
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When that political will is there, we can make a decisive difference.
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Together with President Sarkozy,